TABLE OF
CONTENTS
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Our Product Categories |
-3- |
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Sourcing and Production |
-7- |
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Research and Development |
-8- |
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Geographic Sales Regions |
-9- |
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Government Regulation |
-17- |
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Intellectual Property |
-17- |
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Available Information |
-21- |
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ITEM 1A. |
RISK FACTORS |
-22- |
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ITEM 1B. |
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS |
-36- |
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ITEM 3. |
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
-36- |
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ITEM 4. |
SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
-37- |
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ITEM 5. |
MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY,
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |
-38- |
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ITEM 6. |
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
-38- |
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ITEM 7. |
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
-41- |
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ITEM 7A. |
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES
ABOUT MARKET RISK |
-68- |
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ITEM 8. |
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA |
-68- |
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ITEM 9. |
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS
ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
-98- |
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ITEM 9A. |
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
-98- |
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ITEM 9B. |
OTHER INFORMATION |
-99- |
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ITEM 10. |
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE
GOVERNANCE ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
-99- |
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ITEM 11. |
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION |
-99- |
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ITEM 12. |
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
-99- |
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ITEM 13. |
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND
DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE |
-99- |
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ITEM 14. |
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES |
-99- |
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ITEM 15. |
EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES |
-99- |
-i-
FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS
THIS
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K, IN PARTICULAR ITEM 7. MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, AND ITEM 1.
BUSINESS, INCLUDE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF
SECTION 21E OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED. THESE STATEMENTS REPRESENT
OUR EXPECTATIONS OR BELIEFS CONCERNING, AMONG OTHER THINGS, FUTURE REVENUE, EARNINGS,
GROWTH STRATEGIES, NEW PRODUCTS AND INITIATIVES, FUTURE OPERATIONS AND OPERATING RESULTS,
AND FUTURE BUSINESS AND MARKET OPPORTUNITIES. WE UNDERTAKE NO OBLIGATION TO PUBLICLY
UPDATE OR REVISE ANY FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENT, WHETHER AS A RESULT OF NEW INFORMATION,
FUTURE EVENTS OR OTHERWISE. WE WISH TO CAUTION AND ADVISE READERS THAT THESE STATEMENTS
INVOLVE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES THAT COULD CAUSE ACTUAL RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM
THE EXPECTATIONS AND BELIEFS CONTAINED HEREIN. FOR A SUMMARY OF CERTAIN RISKS RELATED TO
OUR BUSINESS, SEE ITEM 1A RISK FACTORS BEGINNING ON PAGE 22.
In this Annual Report on Form
10-K, references to dollars and $ are to United States dollars. Nu
Skin, Pharmanex and Big Planet are our trademarks. The italicized product names used in
this Annual Report on Form 10-K are product names and also, in certain cases, our
trademarks.
PART I
Overview
Nu
Skin Enterprises is a leading, global direct selling company with operations in 45
countries throughout Asia, the Americas and Europe. We develop and distribute premium
quality, innovative personal care products and nutritional supplements sold worldwide
under the Nu Skin and Pharmanex brands. We also market technology-related products
and services under the Big Planet brand. We operate using a direct selling model in all of
our markets with the exception of Mainland China (hereinafter China). In
China, we implemented a retail business model with employed sales representatives because
of regulatory restrictions on direct selling. However, we are in the process of
integrating direct selling into our business model in this market pursuant to recently enacted direct selling
regulations.
We
are a leading direct selling company posting 2006 revenue of $1.12 billion. As of December
31, 2006, we had a global network of approximately 761,000 active independent
distributors, sales representatives, and preferred customers, approximately 30,000 of whom
were executive level distributors or full-time sales representatives. Our executive level
distributors and full-time sales representatives play an important leadership role in our
distribution network and are critical to the growth and profitability of our business.
We
recognized approximately 87% of our revenue in markets outside the United States in 2006.
Our Japanese operations accounted for approximately 43% of our 2006 total revenue. This
markets contribution to our overall revenue, as a percentage of revenue, is lower
when compared to prior years because of growth in other markets and general business
softness in Japan the past few years. Due to the size of our foreign operations, our
results can be, and often are, impacted positively or negatively by foreign currency
fluctuations, particularly in Japan and other Asian markets, as well as economic,
political and business conditions around the world.
-1-
We
develop and market branded consumer products that we believe are well suited for direct
selling. Our distributors market and sell our products by educating consumers about the
benefits and distinguishing characteristics of our products and by offering personalized
customer service. Through dedicated research and development, we continually develop and
introduce new products that enhance our existing line of products to provide our
distributors with a differentiated product portfolio. We believe that we are able to
attract and motivate high-caliber independent distributors because of our focus on product
innovation, our attractive global compensation plan and our advanced technological
distributor support.
Our
business is subject to various laws and regulations throughout the world, in particular
with respect to network marketing activities and nutritional supplements. This creates
certain risks for our business, including regulation regarding improper activities by our
distributors or any inability to obtain necessary product registrations.
Key
to our future success is revenue growth within our markets, particularly those that are
new and developing. During the past year, we expanded operations into three new markets
including Russia, Romania and Costa Rica. To achieve our desired growth in both new and
mature markets, we are focusing on three key strategies, which include:
|
|
|
introduction
of unique tools and initiatives to motivate distributors; |
|
|
|
development
of compelling and innovative products; and |
|
|
|
recruitment
and retention of distributor leaders. |
We remain committed to providing our
distributors with unique tools and initiatives that motivate distributors and aid in
their recruitment efforts. These tools reflect our focus on delivering a product offering
with a Measurable Difference. During 2006, we continued to expand the use of
the Pharmanex® BioPhotonic Scanner
(the Scanner) on a global basis. The Scanner is based on patented technologies
that allow distributors to non-invasively measure the impact of our nutritional products.
Additionally, we recently launched the first generation Nu Skin® ProDerm Skin
Analyzer (the ProDerm Skin Analyzer), a handheld skin imaging and analysis
tool that enables distributors to demonstrate the efficacy of our skin care products by
providing a visual assessment of important skin characteristics.
Compelling
and innovative products and initiatives are vital to our companys success as they
are used as motivation for our distributors and help make them more effective in building
successful sales organizations. Our product philosophy is largely based on combating
anti-aging and we believe we have a competitive advantage in this area. Products that we
have launched or reformulated during the last few years which had a significant impact on
2006 revenue include:
|
|
|
LifePak,
a family of anti-aging nutritional supplement products aimed at providing optimal
levels of antioxidants, phytonutrients, vitamins, minerals and other vital nutrients
that help promote general wellness; |
|
|
|
g3,
a nutrient-rich juice blend containing a highly concentrated mix of carotenoid
antioxidants and micronutrients with a natural delivery system called Lipocarotenes®; |
-2-
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|
|
Nu
Skin 180°Anti-aging Skin Therapy System, designed to combat the signs of aging,
specifically targeting facial lines and wrinkles; and |
|
|
|
Tru
Face Essence, an anti-aging product featuring the ingredient Ethocyn which helps to
minimize the loss of skin elastin. |
In addition, we have continued to
expand and promote product subscription and loyalty programs in many of our markets that
provide incentives for customers to commit to purchase a set amount of products on a
monthly basis. We believe that these programs, along with a concerted focus on global
compensation plan alignment and an increased level of distributor recognition, goal
setting and accountability have helped improve customer retention in many of our markets.
Our Product Categories
We
have three product categories, each operating under its own brand. We market our
premium-quality personal care products under the Nu Skin brand, science-based nutritional
supplements under the Pharmanex brand and technology-based products and services under the
Big Planet and Photomax brands.
Presented
below are the U.S. dollar amounts and associated revenue percentages from the sale of Nu
Skin, Pharmanex and Big Planet products and services for the years ended December 31,
2004, 2005 and 2006. This table should be read in conjunction with the information
presented in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operation, which discusses the costs associated with generating the
aggregate revenue presented.
Revenue by Product
Category
(U.S. dollars in
millions)(1)
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
Product Category | |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Nu Skin |
|
$ 548.1 |
|
48.2% |
|
$ 484.3 |
|
41.0% |
|
$ 454.5 |
|
40.8% |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
Pharmanex | |
567.2 |
|
49.8 |
|
667.6 |
|
56.5 |
|
632.7 |
|
56.7 |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
Big Planet | |
22.6 |
|
2.0 |
|
29.0 |
|
2.5 |
|
28.2 |
|
2.5 |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
$ 1,137.9 |
|
100.0% |
|
$ 1,180.9 |
|
100.0% |
|
$ 1,115.4 |
|
100.0% |
|
(1) |
|
In
2006, 87% of our sales were transacted in foreign currencies that were
converted to U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes at
weighted-average exchange rates. Foreign currency fluctuations negatively
impacted reported revenue by approximately 1% in 2006 compared to 2005,
and positively impacted reported revenue by approximately 1% in 2005
compared to 2004. |
Nu
Skin. Nu Skin is our original product line and offers premium-quality personal
care products in the areas of core daily systems, customized solutions, total care, Epoch
and skin complements. Our strategy is to leverage our network marketing distribution model
to establish Nu Skin as an innovative leader in the personal care market. We are committed
to continuously improving and evolving our product formulations to incorporate innovative
and proven ingredients.
In
addition to marketing premium-quality personal care products, we are committed to
developing tools to help distributors market our products more effectively. In the second
quarter of 2006, we introduced the ProDerm Skin Analyzer, a portable proprietary skin
analysis tool that allows users to receive a personalized analysis on four different skin
attributes, including wrinkles, pore size, skin texture and discoloration. This tool
enables distributors to demonstrate the effectiveness of our skin care products by
providing close up skin images. We have launched this tool in the United States and Europe
only. An enhanced second-generation model is planned to be introduced at our upcoming
September 2007 global distributor convention and is currently being evaluated for launch
in our global markets. The new version will have improved optics, a larger image area,
sharper focus and improved electronics.
-3-
Our
leading product categories in the Nu Skin division are core daily systems, customized
solutions and total care. The following table summarizes most products included in the
current Nu Skin product line by category:
Category | |
Description | |
Selected Products | |
|
|
|
Core Daily Systems | |
Regardless of skin type, our core daily systems
provide a solid foundation for your skin's
individual needs. Our systems are developed to
target specific skin concerns and are made from
ingredients scientifically proven to provide visible
results for concerns ranging from aging to acne. | |
Nu Skin 180° Anti-Aging Skin Therapy System
Nu Skin Tri-Phasic White
Nutricentials
Nu Skin Clear Action Acne Medication System | |
|
|
|
Customized Solutions |
|
Our customized skin care line focus allows a
customer to tailor product regimens that help
deliver younger looking skin at any age. The
products are developed using cutting-edge ingredient
technologies that target specific skin care needs. |
|
Tru Face Line Corrector
Tru Face Revealing Gel
Tru Face Essence
Nu Skin Galvanic Spa System II
Enhancer
Celltrex Ultra Recovery Fluid
Celltrex CoQ10 Complete
Perennial Intense Body Moisturizer |
|
|
|
|
Total Care |
|
Our total care line addresses balance. The total
care line can be used by families
and the products are designed to deliver superior
benefits from head to toe for the ultimate sense of
total body wellness. |
|
Body Bar
Liquid Body Lufra
Dividends Men's Line
AP-24 Dental Care
DailyKind Mild Shampoo |
|
|
|
|
EPOCH |
|
Our Epoch line is distinguished by utilizing the
traditional knowledge of indigenous cultures for
skin care. Each Epoch product is formulated with
botanical ingredients derived from renewable
resources found in nature. In addition, we
contribute a percentage of our proceeds from Epoch
sales to charitable causes. |
|
Sole Solution Foot Treatment
Calming Touch Soothing Skin Cream
Firewalker Relaxing Foot Cream
Glacial Marine Mud
IceDancer Invigorating Leg Gel
Everglide Foaming Shave Gel
Ava puhi moni Shampoo
Epoch Baby |
|
-4-
Category | |
Description | |
Selected Products | |
|
|
|
Scion |
|
Available in certain markets, Scion is a line of
personal care products that provides value-oriented
solutions to meet basic grooming needs with quality
ingredients. |
|
Scion Toothpaste
Scion Two-In-One Shampoo
Scion Hand and Body Wash
Scion Moisturizing Body Lotion |
|
|
|
|
Skin Complements | |
Our skin complement line includes products that
support our skin care offerings through a variety of
premium-quality cosmetics. | |
Nu Colour Cosmetics
Concealer
Bronzing Pearls
Replenishing Lipstick
Eye Makeup Remover | |
|
| |
| |
| |
Pharmanex.
We market a variety of nutritional products comprised of comprehensive
micronutrient supplements, targeted nutritional supplements, weight management
supplements and certain specialty products under the Pharmanex brand.
LifePak, our flagship line of micronutrient and phytonutrient
supplements, accounted for 25% of our total revenue and 40% of Pharmanex revenue
in 2006.
Direct
selling has proven to be an extremely effective method of marketing our high-quality
nutritional supplements because our distributors can personally educate consumers on the
quality and benefits of our products, differentiating them from competitors
offerings. Our strategy for expanding the nutritional supplement business is to introduce
innovative, substantiated products based on extensive research and development and quality
manufacturing. Our product development efforts focus in the areas of anti-aging, weight
management and general nutrition.
In
line with our commitment to provide distributors with tools that will help them market our
products more effectively, we introduced the BioPhotonic Scanner in 2003 and have since
introduced it to nearly all of our global markets. At our global convention held in the
United States in October 2005, we unveiled the second-generation model of the Scanner (the
S2 Scanner), which is smaller, more portable and faster than its predecessor
in terms of both scan and calibration time. We have now launched the S2 throughout the
world and this tool has become a powerful tool in the hands of our distributors. In 2006
we acquired the exclusive rights to use the Scanner technology in medical settings, and as
a result, we own the rights to use the Scanner within all environments worldwide where
allowed by legal and regulatory requirements.
-5-
The
following table summarizes the current Pharmanex product lines by category:
Category | |
Description | |
Selected Products | |
|
|
|
LifePak and g3 |
|
Our LifePak family of products along with our g3
superfruit juice drink are the basis for general
health and wellness. These products supply a
complete balance of nutrients that our bodies need
to meet the demands of everyday living. |
|
LifePak Family of Products
g3 juice |
|
|
|
|
Solutions | |
Our self-care dietary supplements contain
standardized levels of botanical and other active
ingredients that are designed to provide consumers
with targeted wellness benefits. | |
Tegreen 97
ReishiMax GLp
MarineOmega
Cholestin
CordyMax Cs-4
Cortitrol
BioGingko 27/7
IgG Boost
Estera Women | |
|
|
|
Weight Management | |
Our TRA ephedra-free line of weight management
products was created to capitalize on the growing
weight management category. TRA supplements
complement any diet program including many that are
currently on the market. | |
OverDrive
FibreNet
TRA
| |
| |
| |
| |
Big Planet and Photomax. We offer high-technology products and services
centered around two product categories under the Big Planet and Photomax brands: digital
imaging and business tools. Our strategy is to provide innovative products designed
specifically for a non-technical audience.
Our
current development focus centers around the digital photography market. In 2005, we
introduced a Web-based digital photo service called Photomax, available on the web at
Photomax.com, which makes it easy for consumers to view, organize and share digital
pictures online. We also offer Photo Saver CD, Movie Magic DVD, and Picture Show
DVD, which are digital imaging services in which we convert traditional photographs
and slides into digital format, and store them on a CD and transform digital photos into
personalized movies or slide shows. In 2006 we introduced Maxcast, an online tool whereby
users can preserve, enjoy and more importantly share personal videos. Using the Maxcast
software, users can upload videos to the internet, modify, edit and share them with
family, friends or business associates. Maxcast is operational in select markets including
the United States, Europe and parts of South East Asia/Pacific.
Our
Big Planet business tools, products and services are designed to help distributors
increase their productivity by leveraging technology in the management of their direct
selling activities. By providing an assortment of business tools, distributors can better
manage and communicate with their sales force and potential customers.
-6-
The
following table summarizes the current Big Planet product lines by category:
Category | |
Description | |
Selected Products | |
|
|
|
Digital Imaging |
|
A line of online digital photography and video services designed for non-technical consumers. |
|
Picture Show DVD
Movie Magic DVD
Photo Saver CD
Photomax Web Site- online photo storage
Maxcast |
|
|
|
|
Business Tools | |
Advanced tools and services that help distributors and consumers establish an online presence and manage their businesses. | |
Global Web Page
BP Mall
ISP for U.S. - by Qwest
ISP for Japan - by Nifty
BP Internet Security | |
| |
| |
| |
We
also market a small line of home care products under the Ecosphere brand, designed to
clean and protect the home environment which include a Water Purifier, Filtering
Showerhead and Surface Wipes. These products are found primarily in our Asian
markets.
Sourcing and Production
Nu
Skin. In order to maintain high product quality, we acquire our ingredients and
contract production of our proprietary products from suppliers and manufacturers that we
believe are reliable, reputable and deliver to us high quality materials and service. We
acquire ingredients and products from one primary supplier that currently manufactures
approximately 25% of our Nu Skin personal care products. We maintain a good relationship
with our supplier and do not anticipate that either party will terminate the relationship
in the near term. We also have ongoing relationships with secondary and tertiary suppliers
who supply almost all of our remaining products and ingredients. In the event we become
unable to source any products or ingredients from our major supplier, we believe that we
would be able to produce or replace those products or substitute ingredients from our
secondary and tertiary suppliers without great difficulty or significant increases to our
cost of goods sold. Please refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors for a
discussion of risks and uncertainties associated with our supplier relationships and with
the sourcing of raw materials and ingredients.
In
2001, we established our own production facility in Shanghai, where we currently
manufacture the personal care products sold through our retail stores in China, as well as
a small portion of product exported to select other markets. If the need arose, this plant
could be expandedor other facilities could be built in Chinato produce larger
amounts of inventory for export as a back-up to our usual supply chain.
Pharmanex.
Substantially all of our Pharmanex nutritional supplements and ingredients,
including LifePak, are produced or provided by industry-leading
third-party suppliers and manufacturers. We rely on two partners for the
majority of our Pharmanex products, one of which supplies approximately 35% and
the other of which supplies approximately 22% of our nutritional supplements. In
the event we become unable to source any products or ingredients from these
suppliers or from other current vendors, we believe that we would be able to
produce or replace those products or substitute ingredients without great
difficulty or significant increases to our cost of goods sold. Please refer to
Item 1A. Risk Factors for a discussion of certain risks
and uncertainties associated with our supplier relationships, as well as with
the sourcing of raw materials and ingredients.
-7-
We
also maintain a facility located in Zhejiang Province, China, where we produce herbal
extracts for Tegreen 97, ReishiMax GLp and other products sold
globally. In 2005, we completed the build-out of a new manufacturing facility in Zhejiang
Province where we produce some of our Pharmanex nutritional supplements for sale through
our retail stores in China as well as a small portion of product exported to other
markets. We are also considering the potential expansion of our manufacturing and export
capabilities in Shanghai to the extent we conclude it necessary to supplement the output
of our existing facility. In addition, we operate a plant in Shanghai where we manufacture
our Scanners. This facility supports all of our current and anticipated future market
demands.
Big
Planet. The majority of our Big Planet and Photomax products and services are
provided by third parties, pursuant to contractual arrangements. By acting as a
private-labeled agent for other vendors, we are able to avoid the large capital investment
that would be required to build the infrastructure necessary to fulfill Big Planets
product offerings. However, our profit margins and our ability to deliver quality services
at competitive prices depend upon our ability to negotiate and maintain favorable terms
with third-party providers. In connection with our Big Planet digital photography
services, we are developing our own internal infrastructure for some of these offerings.
Research and Development
We
continually invest in our research and development capabilities. Our research and
development expenditures were approximately $8 million in 2004, $8 million in 2005 and $9
million in 2006. Because of our commitment to product innovation, we will continue to
commit resources to research and development in the future.
Our
primary research laboratory, adjacent to our office complex in Provo, Utah, houses both
Pharmanex and Nu Skin research facilities and professional and technical personnel. We
also maintain research facilities in China. Much of our Pharmanex research to date has
been conducted in China, where we benefit from a well-educated, low-cost scientific labor
pool that enables us to conduct research and clinical trials at a much lower cost than
would be possible in the United States.
We
also have collaborative relationships with numerous independent scientists, including
scientific advisory boards comprised of recognized authorities in various related
disciplines for each of our nutritional and personal care product categories. We maintain
collaborative arrangements with prominent universities and research institutions in the
United States, Europe and Asia, whose staffs include scientists with expertise in natural
product chemistry, biochemistry, dermatology, pharmacology and clinical studies. Some of
the university research centers with which we have collaborated include UC Davis, UCLA,
Stanford University, Vanderbilt University, Tufts University, Columbia University, the
University of Kansas, the University of Hong Kong School of Medicine and Taiwan Academia
Sinica.
In
addition, we evaluate a significant number of product ideas for our Nu Skin and Pharmanex
categories presented by outside sources. We utilize strategic licensing and other
relationships with vendors for access to directed research and development work for
innovative offerings.
-8-
In
order to provide high-quality nutritional supplements, Pharmanex utilizes a unique 6S
Quality Process® in our development and sourcing activities. The 6S Quality Process
enhances our ability to provide consumers with safe, effective and consistent products and
involves the following steps:
|
|
|
Selection.
Conducting a scientific review of research and databases in connection with the
selection of potential products and ingredients and determining the authenticity,
usefulness and safety standards for potential products and ingredients. |
|
|
|
Sourcing.
Investigating potential sources, evaluating the quality of sources and performing
botanical and chemical evaluations where appropriate. |
|
|
|
Structure.
Determining the structural profile of natural compounds and active ingredients. |
|
|
|
Standardization.
Standardizing the products dosage of biologically relevant active ingredients.
|
|
|
|
Safety.
Assessing safety from available research and, where necessary, performing additional
testssuch as microbial tests and chemical analysesfor toxins and heavy
metals. |
|
|
|
Substantiation.
Reviewing documented pre-clinical and clinical trials and, where necessary and
appropriate, initiating studies and clinical trials sponsored by Pharmanex. |
Geographic Sales Regions
We
currently sell and distribute our products in 45 markets, employing a direct selling model
in each of our markets except China. We have modified our geographic regions to report
Europe as a separate region as it has grown and increased its significance to our
business. Our operations are now divided into the following five geographic regions: North
Asia, Greater China, Americas, South Asia/Pacific and Europe. The following table sets
forth the revenue for each of the geographic regions for the years ended December 31,
2004, 2005 and 2006:
Revenue by Region
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
(U.S. dollars in millions) | |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
North Asia |
|
$ 640.1 | |
56% |
|
$ 649.4 |
|
55% |
|
$ 593.8 |
|
53% |
|
Greater China | |
229.8 |
|
20 |
|
236.7 |
|
20 |
|
208.2 |
|
19 |
|
Americas | |
149.6 |
|
13 |
|
162.1 |
|
14 |
|
165.9 |
|
15 |
|
South Asia/Pacific | |
81.8 |
|
7 |
|
86.7 |
|
7 |
|
88.0 |
|
8 |
|
Europe | |
36.6 |
|
4 |
|
46.0 |
|
4 |
|
59.5 |
|
5 |
|
| |
$ 1,137.9 |
|
100% |
|
$ 1,180.9
|
|
100% |
|
$ 1,115.4 |
|
100% |
|
Additional
comparative revenue and related financial information is presented in the tables captioned
Segment Information in Note 17 to our Consolidated Financial Statements. The
information from these tables is incorporated by reference in this Report.
-9-
North
Asia. The following table provides information on each of the markets in the North
Asia region, including the year it was opened, 2006 revenue and the percentage of our
total 2006 revenue for each market:
(U.S. dollars in millions) | |
Year Opened | |
2006 Revenue | |
Percentage of
2006 Revenue | |
|
|
|
|
Japan |
|
1993 |
|
$ 476.5 |
|
43% |
|
South Korea | |
1996 | |
$ 117.3 |
|
11% |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
Japan
is our largest market and accounted for approximately 43% of total revenue in 2006. We
market most of our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products in Japan, along with a limited number of
Big Planet offerings. In addition, all three product categories offer a limited number of
locally developed products sold exclusively in our Japanese market. In 2006 we launched
the S2 Scanner and g3 nutritional juice in Japan, with first quarter 2007 plans to
introduce a new anti-aging skin care product developed specifically for Japan.
In
South Korea, we offer most of our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products, along with a limited
number of Big Planet services. In 2006 we launched our g3 nutritional juice and the
latest version of our Nu Skin 180° skin treatment line, and we plan to launch the S2 the
first part of 2007.
Greater
China. The following table provides information on each of the markets in
the Greater China region, including the year it was opened, 2006 revenue and the
percentage of our total 2006 revenue for each market:
(U.S. dollars in millions) | |
Year Opened | |
2006 Revenue | |
Percentage of
2006 Revenue | |
|
|
|
|
China |
|
2003 |
|
$ 70.5 |
|
6% |
|
Taiwan | |
1992 | |
$ 93.1 |
|
8% |
|
Hong Kong | |
1991 | |
$ 44.6 |
|
4% |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
Our
Hong Kong and Taiwan operations are aligned with our global direct selling business model
and our global compensation plan. We offer a robust product offering of the majority of
our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products in Hong Kong and Taiwan, and only limited Big Planet
products and services. The majority of our revenue in these markets comes from orders
through our monthly product subscription program, which has led to improved retention of
customers and distributors and has streamlined the ordering process.
In
China, we sell many of our Nu Skin products and a locally produced value line of personal
care products under the Scion brand name. We also sell a select number of Pharmanex
products, including LifePak, and we have Scanners in each of our approximately 150
retail stores. In 2006 we launched the S2 Scanner, and our g3 nutritional juice.
We
currently do not operate under our global direct selling business model in China as a
result of regulatory restrictions on direct selling activities in this market.
Consequently, we have developed a retail sales model that utilizes an employed sales force
to sell products through fixed locations. We rely on the employed sales force to market
and sell products at the various retail locations supported by only minimal advertising
and traditional promotional efforts. Our retail model in China is largely based upon our
ability to attract customers to our retail stores through our employed sales force, to
educate them about our products through frequent training meetings, and to obtain repeat
purchases from the sales employees and their customers. Our retail model only allows for
product sales to be transacted within our retail stores. We currently have approximately 150 retail
locations in operation. The compensation and salary of an employed sales representative is
determined based on a variety of factors including the sales productivity of the sales
representative and the other representatives he trains and supervises. While our
distributor leaders from other markets are able to introduce customers and sales people to
our stores, their promotional efforts are limited due to the restrictions on direct
selling in this market.
-10-
We
employed approximately 6,400 sales representatives in China as of December 31, 2006.
Although we enter into labor contracts with all potential new sales representatives, only
a small percentage complete the qualification process, become full-time sales
representatives and continue as such for an extended period of time. We provide these
potential new sales representatives with a minimum base pay and other labor benefits.
In
September of 2005, the Chinese government announced the adoption of new direct selling
regulations that allow sales away from a fixed location through independent contractors,
subject to various requirements and restrictions, including restrictions on the ability to
pay multi-level compensation. In July of 2006, we received approval from the Chinese
national government to conduct direct selling in Shanghai. We
subsequently obtained the necessary local approvals and commenced direct selling
activities in Shanghai in January 2007. We are now allowed to conduct larger training and
promotional meetings in Shanghai and to engage an entry-level, non-employee sales force
that can sell products away from fixed retail locations. Since the direct selling
regulations prohibit the use of multi-level compensation plans, we compensate these
independent contractors based on their personal selling efforts only. Our direct sales
model is structured in a manner that we believe is complementary to our existing retail
sales/employee sales representative model. Our independent direct sellers, for example,
will have the opportunity to become employed sales representatives upon developing sales
skills and a good customer base.
We are currently in the
process of seeking necessary approvals to expand our direct selling model into additional
provinces throughout China. The licensing process includes a requirement that we establish
service centers that will primarily be used to provide a product return
location. We expect that our retail stores and offices will qualify as service centers,
but we plan to add small service centers as necessary as the process unfolds. For a more
detailed discussion regarding the direct selling approval process, please refer to the
section below entitled, Government Regulation Direct Selling
Activities. For more information concerning the regulatory risks associated
with our operations in China. Please refer to Item 1A. "Risk Factors."
Americas.
The following table provides information on each of the markets in the North
America region, including the year it was opened, 2006 revenue and the
percentage of our total 2006 revenue for each market:
(U.S. dollars in millions) | |
Year Opened | |
2006 Revenue | |
Percentage of
2006 Revenue | |
|
|
|
|
United States |
|
1984 |
|
$ 147.1 |
|
13% |
|
Canada | |
1990 | |
$ 10.0 |
|
1% |
|
Latin America(1) | |
1990 | |
$ 8.8 |
|
1% |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
(1) |
|
Latin
America includes Brazil, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras
and Mexico. |
-11-
Substantially
all of our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products, as well as our Big Planet products and
services, are available for sale in the United States. In 2006 we introduced the S2
Scanner and the ProDerm Skin Analyzer in the United States. During 2006, we continued to
invest in our Latin America business, opening Costa Rica early in the year.
South
Asia/Pacific. The following table provides information on each of the
markets in the South Asia/Pacific region, including the year it was opened, 2006 revenue
and the percentage of our total 2006 revenue for each market:
(U.S. dollars in millions) | |
Year Opened | |
2006 Revenue | |
Percentage of
2006 Revenue | |
|
|
|
|
Singapore/Malaysia/Brunei |
|
2000/2001/2004 |
|
$ 33.2 |
|
3% |
|
Thailand | |
1997 | |
$ 26.5 |
|
2% |
|
Australia/New Zealand | |
1993 | |
$ 14.2 |
|
1% |
|
Indonesia | |
2005 | |
$ 10.3 |
|
1% |
|
Philippines | |
1998 | |
$ 3.8 |
|
* |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
We
offer a majority of our Pharmanex and Nu Skin products in South Asia/Pacific. Marketing
initiatives in South Asia/Pacific have centered on monthly product subscription orders,
the Scanner and our g3 nutritional drink.
Europe.
The following table provides information on our Europe region, including the
year it was opened, revenue for 2006 and the percentage of our total 2006
revenue for the region:
(U.S. dollars in millions) | |
Year Opened | |
2006 Revenue | |
Percentage of
2006 Revenue | |
|
|
|
|
Europe(1) |
|
1995 |
|
$ 59.5 |
|
5% |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
(1) |
|
Europe
includes Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary,
Ireland, Iceland, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. |
We
currently operate in 19 countries throughout Northern, Eastern and Central Europe and
offer a full range of Nu Skin, Pharmanex and Big Planet products. Various products and
distributor tools have contributed to Europes recent success, including the Scanner,
g3, and the Nu Skin® Galvanic Spa System II. We have been experiencing
strong growth in central European markets, and have benefited from recently opened markets
in Russia, Israel, and Eastern Europe. In early 2007, we also opened operations in
Switzerland with plans to continue investment in growth initiatives throughout Europe.
-12-
Distribution
Overview.
The foundation of our sales philosophy and distribution system is network
marketing. We sell our products through independent distributors who are not
employees, except in China where we sell our products through employed retail
sales representatives. Our distributors generally purchase products from us for
resale to consumers and for personal consumption.
Network
marketing is an effective vehicle to distribute our products because:
|
|
|
distributors
can educate consumers about our products in person, which we believe is more effective
for premium-quality, differentiated products than using television and print
advertisements; |
|
|
|
direct
sales allow for actual product testing by potential customers; |
|
|
|
there
is greater opportunity for distributor and customer testimonials; and |
|
|
|
as
compared to other distribution methods, our distributors can provide customers higher
levels of service and encourage repeat purchases. |
Active
distributors under our global compensation plan are those distributors who have
purchased products for resale or personal consumption during the previous three months. In
addition, we have implemented preferred customer programs in many of our
markets, which allow customers to purchase productsgenerally on a monthly product
subscription basisdirectly from us. We include preferred customers who have
purchased products during the previous three months in
our active distributor numbers. While preferred customers are legally very
different from distributors, both are considered customers of our products.
Executive-level
distributors under our global compensation plan are those distributors who are most
seriously pursuing the direct selling opportunity and must achieve and maintain specified
personal and group sales volumes each month. Once an individual becomes an executive-level
distributor, he or she can begin to take full advantage of the benefits of commission
payments on personal and group sales volume. As a result of direct selling restrictions in
China, we have implemented a modified business model utilizing retail stores and an
employed sales force. (See the discussion on China in Geographic Sales
Regions.) Employed full-time sales representatives are those sales representatives
that have completed a qualification process. These sales representatives have a monthly
volume commitment that is about 50% of the dollar amount of an executive-level
distributors monthly volume commitment under our global compensation plan.
Throughout this annual report, we include employed, full-time sales representatives in
China in our executive-level distributor numbers in order to provide some
level of comparison between our China model and our global direct selling model.
-13-
Our
revenue is highly dependent upon the number and productivity of our distributors. Growth
in sales volume requires an increase in the productivity and/or growth in the total number
of distributors. As of December 31, 2006, we had approximately 761,000 active distributors
of our products and services. Approximately 30,000 of these distributors were
executive-level distributors. As of each of the dates indicated below, we had the
following number of executive distributors in the referenced regions:
Total Number of Executive
Distributors by Region
Region | |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
North Asia |
|
16,637 |
|
16,129 |
|
15,354 |
|
Greater China | |
8,827 |
|
7,134 |
|
6,492 |
|
Americas | |
3,473 |
|
3,893 |
|
4,141 |
|
South Asia/Pacific | |
2,076 |
|
2,043 |
|
2,169 |
|
Europe | |
1,003 |
|
1,272 |
|
1,600 |
|
Total | |
32,016 |
|
30,471 |
|
29,756 |
|
Sponsoring.
We rely on our distributors to recruit and sponsor new distributors of our
products. While we provide Internet support, product samples, brochures,
magazines and other sales materials at cost, distributors are primarily
responsible for recruiting and educating new distributors with respect to
products, our global compensation plan and how to build a successful
distributorship.
The
sponsoring of new distributors creates multiple levels in a network marketing structure.
Individuals that a distributor sponsors are referred to as downline or
sponsored distributors. If downline distributors also sponsor new
distributors, they create additional levels in the structure, but their downline
distributors remain in the same downline network as their original sponsoring distributor.
Sponsoring
activities are not required of distributors and we do not pay any commissions for
sponsoring new distributors. However, because of the financial incentives provided to
those who succeed in building and mentoring a distributor network that resells and
consumes products, many of our distributors attempt, with varying degrees of effort and
success, to sponsor additional distributors. People often become distributors after using
our products as regular customers. Once a person becomes a distributor, he or she is able
to purchase products directly from us at wholesale prices. The distributor is also
entitled to sponsor other distributors in order to build a network of distributors and
product users. A potential distributor must enter into a standard distributor agreement,
which obligates the distributor to abide by our policies and procedures.
Global
Compensation Plan. One of our competitive advantages is our global sales
compensation plan. Under our global compensation plan, a distributor is paid consolidated
monthly commissions in the distributors home country, in local currency, for the
distributors own product sales and for product sales in that distributors
downline distributor network across all geographic markets. Because of restrictions on
direct selling in China, our full-time employed sales representatives there do not
participate in the global compensation plan, but are instead compensated according to a
retail sales model established for that market. Additionally, while global distributor
leaders are compensated based on sales activity of preferred customers and sales employees
in China, sales in China do not accrue to satisfy applicable sales volume requirements
within the global compensation plan.
Commissions
on the sale of an individual Nu Skin or Pharmanex product can exceed 50% of the wholesale
price. The actual payout percentage, however, varies depending on a distributors
level within the global compensation plan. On a global basis, the overall payout on these
products has typically averaged approximately 41% to 43%. We believe that our commission
payout as a percentage of total sales is among the most generous paid by major direct
selling companies.
-14-
From
time to time, we make modifications and enhancements to our global compensation plan to
help motivate distributors. In addition, we evaluate a limited number of distributor
requests on a monthly basis for exceptions to the terms and conditions of the global
compensation plan, including volume requirements. While our general policy is to
discourage exceptions, we believe that the flexibility to grant exceptions is critical in
retaining distributor loyalty and dedication.
High
Level of Distributor Incentives. Based upon managements knowledge of our
competitors distributor compensation plans, we believe our global compensation plan
is among the most financially rewarding plans offered by leading direct selling companies.
There are two fundamental ways in which our distributors can earn money:
|
|
|
through
retail markups on sales of products purchased by distributors at wholesale; and |
|
|
|
through
a series of commissions on product sales. |
Each
of our products carries a specified number of sales volume points. Commissions are based
on total personal and group sales volume points per month. Sales volume points are
generally based upon a products wholesale cost, net of any point-of-sale taxes. As a
distributors business expands to successfully sponsoring other distributors into the
businesswho in turn expand their own businessesa distributor receives a higher
percentage of commissions. An executives commissions can increase substantially as
multiple downline distributors achieve executive status. In determining commissions, the
number of levels of downline distributors included in an executives commissionable
group increases as the number of executive distributorships directly below the executive
increases.
Distributor
Support. We are committed to providing high-level support services tailored to the
needs of our distributors in each market. We attempt to meet the needs and build the
loyalty of distributors by providing personalized distributor services and by maintaining
a generous product return policy. Because the majority of our distributors are part time
and have only a limited number of hours each week to concentrate on their business, we
believe that maximizing a distributors efforts by providing effective distributor
support has been, and will continue to be, important to our success.
Through
training meetings, distributor conventions, Web-based messages, distributor focus groups,
regular telephone conference calls and other personal contacts with distributors, we seek
to understand and satisfy the needs of our distributors. We provide walk-in, telephonic
and computerized product fulfillment and tracking services that result in user-friendly,
timely product distribution. Several of our walk-in retail centers maintain meeting rooms,
which our distributors may utilize for training and sponsoring activities. Because of our
efficient distribution system, we do not believe that most of our distributors maintain a
significant inventory of our products.
Rules
Affecting Distributors. We closely monitor regulations and distributor activity in
each market to ensure our distributors comply with local laws. Our published distributor
policies and procedures establish the rules that distributors must follow in each market.
We also monitor distributor activity to maintain a level playing field for our
distributors, ensuring that some are not disadvantaged by the activities of others. We
require our distributors to present products and business opportunities ethically and
professionally. Distributors further agree that their presentations to customers must be
consistent with, and limited to, the product claims and representations made in our
literature.
Distributors
must represent to us that their receipt of commissions is based on retail sales and
substantial personal sales efforts. We must produce or pre-approve all sales aids used by
distributors such as videotapes, audiotapes, brochures and promotional clothing.
Distributors may not use any form of media advertising to promote products. Products may
be promoted only by personal contact or by literature produced or approved by us.
Distributors may not use our trademarks or other intellectual property without our
consent.
-15-
Except
in China, products generally may not be sold, and our business opportunities may not be
promoted, in traditional retail environments. We have made an exception to this rule by
allowing some of our Pharmanex products to be sold in independently owned pharmacies and
drug stores meeting specified requirements. Distributors who own or are employed by a
service-related businesssuch as a doctors office, hair salon or health
clubmay make products available to regular customers as long as products are not
displayed visibly to the general public in a manner to attract the general public into the
establishment to purchase products.
In
order to qualify for commission bonuses, our distributors generally must satisfy specific
requirements including achieving at least 100 points, which is approximately $100 in
personal sales volume per month. In addition, individual markets may have requirements
specific to that country based on regulatory concerns. For example, in the United States,
distributors must also:
|
|
|
document
retail sales or customer connections to established numbers of retail customers; and |
|
|
|
sell
and/or consume at least 80% of personal sales volume. |
We
systematically review reports of alleged distributor misbehavior. If we determine one of
our distributors has violated any of our policies or procedures, we may terminate the
distributors rights completely. Alternatively, we may impose sanctions, such as
warnings, probation, withdrawal or denial of an award, suspension of privileges of a
distributorship, fines and/or withholding of commissions until specified conditions are
satisfied, or other appropriate injunctive relief.
Product
Returns. We believe we are among the most consumer-protective companies in the
direct selling industry. While the regulations and our operations vary somewhat from
country to country, we generally follow a similar procedure for product returns. For 30
days from the date of purchase, our product return policy generally allows a retail
customer to return any Nu Skin or Pharmanex product to us directly or to the distributor
through whom the product was purchased for a full refund. After 30 days from the date of
purchase, the end users return privilege is at the discretion of the distributor.
Our distributors can generally return unused products directly to us for a 90% refund for
one year. Through 2006, our experience with actual product returns averaged less than 5%
of annual revenue.
Payment.
Distributors generally pay for products prior to shipment. Accordingly, we carry
minimal accounts receivable. Distributors typically pay for products in cash, by
wire transfer or by credit card. Cash, which represents a significant portion of
all payments, is received by order takers in the distribution centers or retail
stores in China when orders are placed.
Competition
Direct
Selling Companies. We compete with other direct selling organizations, some of
which have a longer operating history and higher visibility, name recognition and
financial resources than we do. The leading direct selling companies in our existing
markets are Avon and Alticor (Amway). We compete for new distributors on the strength of
our multiple business opportunities, product offerings, global compensation plan,
management, and our international operations. In order to successfully compete in this
market and attract and retain distributors, we must maintain the attractiveness of our
business opportunities to our distributors.
-16-
Nu
Skin and Pharmanex Products. The markets for our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products
are highly competitive. Our competitors include manufacturers and marketers of personal
care and nutritional products, pharmaceutical companies and other direct selling
organizations, many of which have longer operating histories and greater name recognition
and financial resources than we do. We compete in these markets by emphasizing the
innovation, value and premium quality of our products and the convenience of our
distribution system. We focus on delivering a product offering with a Measurable
Difference and provide our distributors with powerful tools that allow them to
demonstrate the effectiveness of our nutritional and personal care products.
Big
Planet Products and Services. The markets for our Big Planet products and
services are also highly competitive. Many of our competitors for these products and
services have much greater name recognition and financial resources than we do. We compete
in this market by delivering products that are more user friendly than those of our
competitors, by developing unique features and product interfaces, by partnering with
leading technology vendors whose competitive positioning can assist us and by leveraging
our direct selling channel strengths. The market for technology and telecommunication
products is very price sensitive, so we rely on our ability to acquire quality services
from vendors at prices that allow our distributors to sell at competitive prices while
still generating attractive commissions.
Intellectual Property
Our
major trademarks are registered in the United States and in each country where we operate
or have plans to operate, and we consider trademark protection to be very important to our
business. Our major trademarks include Nu Skin, Pharmanex, Big Planet and LifePak. In
addition, a number of our products and tools, including the Scanner, are based on
proprietary technologies and formulations, some of which are patented or licensed from
third parties. We also rely on trade secret protection to protect our proprietary formulas
and know-how. Our business is not substantially dependent on any single licensed
technology from any third party.
Government Regulation
Direct
Selling Activities. Direct selling activities are regulated by various federal,
state and local governmental agencies in the United States and foreign countries. These
laws and regulations are generally intended to prevent fraudulent or deceptive schemes,
often referred to as pyramid schemes, that compensate participants for
recruiting additional participants irrespective of product sales, use high-pressure
recruiting methods and/or do not involve legitimate products. The laws and regulations in
our current markets often:
|
|
|
impose
cancellation/product return, inventory buy-backs and cooling-off rights for consumers and
distributors; |
|
|
|
require
us or our distributors to register with governmental agencies; |
|
|
|
impose
reporting requirements; and |
|
|
|
impose
upon us requirements, such as requiring distributors to maintain levels of retail sales
to qualify to receive commissions, to ensure that distributors are being compensated for
sales of products and not for recruiting new distributors. |
-17-
The
laws and regulations governing direct selling are modified from time to time, and, like
other direct selling companies, we are subject from time to time to government
investigations in our various markets related to our direct selling activities. This can
require us to make changes to our business model and aspects of our global compensation
plan in the markets impacted by such changes and investigations. Based on research
conducted in existing markets, the nature and scope of inquiries from government
regulatory authorities and our history of operations in those markets to date, we believe
our method of distribution complies in all material respects with the laws and regulations
related to direct selling of the countries in which we currently operate.
The
Federal Trade Commission in the United States has recently proposed new regulations which
would impose additional disclosure requirements and waiting periods before a person could
sign up to become a distributor. The direct selling industry association has filed
comments objecting to many of the restrictive and burdensome requirements in these
proposed regulations and is working to get the FTC to change its proposal.
As
a result of restrictions in China on direct selling activities, we have implemented a retail store
model utilizing an employed sales force. The regulatory environment in China is complex.
Because we operate a direct selling model outside of China, our operations in China have
attracted significant regulatory and media scrutiny since we expanded our operations there
in January 2003. Regulations are subject to discretionary interpretation by municipal and
provincial level regulators. Interpretations of what constitutes permissible activities by
regulators can vary from province to province and can change from time to time because of
the lack of clarity in the rules regarding direct selling activities. China recently
adopted new direct selling and anti-pyramiding regulations that are restrictive and
contain various limitations, including a restriction on the ability to pay multi-level
compensation to independent distributors.
Because
of the Chinese governments significant concerns about direct selling activities, it
scrutinizes very closely activities of direct selling companies. The scrutiny has
increased following adoption of the new direct selling and anti-pyramiding regulations and
our business continues to be subject to reviews and investigations by municipal and
provincial level regulators. At times, investigations and related actions by government
regulators have impeded our ability to conduct business in certain locations, and have
resulted in a few cases in fines being paid by our company. In each of these cases, we
have been allowed to recommence operations after the governments investigation, and
no material changes to our business model were required in connection with these fines and
impediments. We also expect to receive continued guidance and direction from regulators to
address necessary to comply with the new direct selling regulations. Please refer to Item 1A. "Risk Factors" for
more information on the
regulatory risks associated with our business in China.
In July of 2006, we received national governmental approval to conduct direct selling in Shanghai.
In January of 2007, we obtained necessary local approvals and commenced
direct selling in eight districts within Shanghai. During the next few
quarters we will be focusing our efforts on expanding our direct selling model into other
provinces throughout China. Because direct selling was only recently authorized in
Mainland China, the regulatory environment with respect to direct selling in this market
remains fluid and the process for obtaining the necessary governmental approvals to
conduct direct selling continues to evolve. The regulations and processes in some
circumstances have been interpreted differently by different governmental authorities. In
order to expand our direct selling model into additional provinces we currently must
obtain a series of approvals from the Departments of Commerce in such provinces, the
Shanghai Department of Commerce (Nu Skin Chinas supervisory authority), as well as
the Departments of Commerce in each city and district in which we plan to operate. We also
are required to obtain the approval of the State Ministry of Commerce, which is the
national governmental authority overseeing direct selling. Please refer to Item 1A. "Risk Factors" for
more information on the
risks associated with our planned expansion of direct selling in China;
-18-
As we are being required to work with
such a large number of provincial, city, district and national governmental authorities,
we have found that it is taking more time than anticipated to work through the approval
process with these authorities. These authorities have broad discretion in interpreting
the regulations and granting necessary approvals. A delay in obtaining approvals at one
level can delay our ability to obtain approvals at the next level. In addition, we have
received some indications from the national government authorities that they intend to
review and monitor the operations of an approved direct selling company during an
evaluation period before granting approvals to such company to expand into additional
provinces as regulators continue to closely monitor the development of direct selling in
China. The complexity of the approval process as well as the governments continued
cautious approach as direct selling develops in China makes it difficult to predict the
timeline for obtaining these approvals. Please refer to Item 1A. "Risk Factors" for more information
on the risks that these regulations could have on our business.
Regulation
of Our Products. Our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products and related promotional and
marketing activities are subject to extensive governmental regulation by numerous domestic
and foreign governmental agencies and authorities, including the FDA, the FTC, the
Consumer Product Safety Commission, the United States Department of Agriculture, State
Attorneys General and other state regulatory agencies in the United States, and the
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan and similar government agencies in each
market in which we operate. For example, in Japan, the Ministry of Health, Labor and
Welfare requires us to have an import business license and to register each personal care
product imported into Japan. In Taiwan, all medicated cosmetic and
pharmaceutical products require registration. In China, personal care products are placed
into one of two categories, general and drug. Products in both
categories require submission of formulas and other information with the health
authorities, and drug products require human clinical studies. The product registration
process in China for these products can take from nine to more than 18 months. Such
regulations in any given market can limit our ability to import products and can delay
product launches as we go through the registration and approval process for those
products. The sale of cosmetic products is regulated in the European Union under the
European Union Cosmetics Directive, which requires a uniform application for foreign
companies making personal care product sales.
Our
Pharmanex products are subject to various regulations promulgated by government agencies
in the markets in which we operate. In the United States, laboratory analysis by
governmental authorities, and the product registration process for these products are
regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. Since these products are regulated as
foods under the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act, we are generally
not required to obtain regulatory approval prior to introducing a product into the United
States market. None of this infringes, however, upon the FDAs power to remove an
unsafe substance from the market. In our foreign markets, the products are generally
regulated by similar government agencies, such as the Ministry of Health and Welfare in
Japan and the Department of Health in Taiwan. We typically market our Pharmanex products
in international markets as foods or health foods under applicable regulatory regimes. In
the event a product, or an ingredient in a product, is classified as a drug or
pharmaceutical product in any market, we will generally not be able to distribute that
product in that market through our distribution channel because of strict restrictions
applicable to drug and pharmaceutical products. China has some of the most restrictive
nutritional supplement product regulations. Products marketed as health foods
are subject to extensive laboratory analysis by governmental authorities, and the product
registration process for these products takes approximately two years. We market both
health foods and general foods in China. Our flagship product,
LifePak, is currently marketed as a general food with only one of the three main
capsules having received health food classification. Currently, general
foods is not an approved category for direct selling; therefore, we will only market
LifePak through our retail stores until final health food classification for
LifePak is obtained for the two other capsules. Additionally, there is some risk
associated with the common practice in China of marketing a product as a general
food while seeking health food classification. If government officials
feel our categorization of our products is inconsistent with product claims, ingredients
or function, this could limit our ability to market such products in China in their
current form.
-19-
The
markets in which we operate all have varied regulations that distinguish foods and
nutritional health supplements from drugs or pharmaceutical
products. Because of the varied regulations, some products or ingredients that are
considered a food in certain markets may be treated as a
pharmaceutical in other markets. In Japan, for example, if a specified
ingredient is not listed as a food by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, we
must either modify the product to eliminate or substitute that ingredient, or petition the
government to treat such ingredient as a food. We experience similar issues in our other
markets. As a result, we must often modify the ingredients and/or the levels of
ingredients in our products for certain markets. In some circumstances, the regulations in
foreign markets may require us to obtain regulatory approval prior to introduction of a
new product. Because of negative publicity associated with some supplements, such
as ephedra (which we have never marketed) and other potentially harmful
ingredients, there has been an increased movement in the United States and other markets
to expand the regulation of dietary supplements, which could impose additional
restrictions or requirements in the future.
Most
of our major markets also regulate advertising and product claims regarding the efficacy
of products. This is particularly true with respect to our dietary supplements because we
typically market them as foods or health foods. Accordingly, these regulations can limit
our ability to inform consumers of the full benefits of our products. For example, in the
United States, we are unable to claim that any of our nutritional supplements will
diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat or prevent disease. In most of our foreign markets we are
not able to make any medicinal claims with respect to our Pharmanex products.
In the United States, the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, however, permits
substantiated, truthful and non-misleading statements of nutritional support to be made in
labeling, such as statements describing general well-being resulting from consumption of a
dietary ingredient or the role of a nutrient or dietary ingredient in affecting or
maintaining a structure or a function of the body. Most of the other markets in which we
operate have not adopted similar legislation and we may be subject to more restrictive
limitations on the claims we can make about our products in these markets. For example, in
Japan, our nutritional supplements are marketed as food products, which significantly
limits our ability to make any claims regarding these products. In addition, all product
claims must be substantiated.
To
date, we have not experienced any difficulty maintaining our import licenses. However, due
to the varied regulations governing the manufacture and sale of nutritional products in
the various markets, we have found it necessary to reformulate many of our products or
develop new products in order to comply with such local requirements. In the United
States, we are also subject to a consent decree with the FTC and various state regulatory
agencies arising out of investigations that occurred in the early 1990s of certain alleged
unsubstantiated product and earnings claims made by our distributors. The consent decree
requires us to, among other things, supplement our procedures to enforce our policies, not
allow our distributors to make earnings representations without making certain average
earnings disclosures, and not allow our distributors to make unsubstantiated product
claims.
-20-
Regulation
of Our Business Tools. One of our strategies is to develop
technologically-advanced business tools designed to help our distributors effectively
market our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products. For example, during the last several years we
have introduced the Scanner in many of our markets around the world. We have also launched
an initial version of the ProDerm Skin Analyzer in the United States
and Europe in 2006, and we are planning a global launch of an enhanced version of this
tool starting in late 2007. These tools are subject to the regulations of various health,
consumer protection and other governmental authorities around the world. These regulations
vary from market to market and affect whether our business tools are required to be
registered as medical devices, the claims that can be made with respect to these tools,
who can use them and where they can be used. We have been subject to regulatory inquiries
in the United States, Japan and other countries with respect to the status of the Scanner
as a non-medical device. Any determination that medical device clearance is required could
require us to expend significant time and resources in order to meet the stringent
standards imposed on medical device companies. We are also subject to regulatory
constraints on the claims that can be made with respect to the use of our business tools.
In Japan, for example, we are limited in our ability to tie the Scanner measurement
directly to the consumption of our nutrition products. We expect to face similar
regulatory issues in Japan and other markets with respect to the ProDerm Skin Analyzer
in the event we decide to launch this tool in these markets.
Other
Regulatory Issues. As a United States entity operating through subsidiaries in
foreign jurisdictions, we are subject to foreign exchange control, transfer pricing and
custom laws that regulate the flow of funds between us and our subsidiaries and for
product purchases, management services and contractual obligations, such as the payment of
distributor commissions.
As
is the case with most companies that operate in our product categories, we receive from
time to time inquiries from government regulatory authorities regarding the nature of our
business and other issues, such as compliance with local direct selling, transfer pricing,
customs, taxation, foreign exchange control, securities and other laws. Negative publicity
resulting from inquiries into our operations by United States and state government
agencies in the early 1990s, stemming in part from alleged inappropriate product and
earnings claims by distributors, and in the late 1990s resulting from adverse media
attention in South Korea, harmed our business.
Employees
As
of December 31, 2006, we had approximately 11,360 full- and part-time employees worldwide,
approximately 6,400 of whom are employed as sales representatives in our China operations.
We also had labor contracts with approximately 3,400 potential new sales representatives
in China, only a small percentage of whom are expected to complete the qualification
process and become full-time sales representatives. None of our employees are represented
by a union or other collective bargaining group, with the exception of the limited number
of employees involved in our operations in Brazil. We believe that our relationship with
our employees is good, and we do not foresee a shortage in qualified personnel necessary
to operate our business.
Available Information
Our
Internet address is www.nuskinenterprises.com. We make available free of charge on
or through our Internet website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form
10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished
pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as
reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to,
the Securities and Exchange Commission.
-21-
Note
Regarding Forward-Looking Statements. Certain statements made in this
filing under the caption Item 1- Business are forward-looking
statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended (the Exchange Act). In addition, when used in this Report the words
or phrases will likely result, expect, intend,
will continue, anticipate, estimate,
project, believe and similar expressions are intended to identify
forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Exchange Act.
Forward-looking
statements include plans and objectives of management for future operations, including
plans and objectives relating to our products and future economic performance in countries
where we operate. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties and are
based on certain assumptions that may not be realized. Actual results and outcomes may
differ materially from those discussed or anticipated. We assume no responsibility or
obligation to update these statements to reflect any changes. The forward-looking
statements and associated risks set forth herein relate to, among other things:
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our
plans to launch or continue to roll out or promote various products, tools, and
initiatives, including the S2 Scanner and the ProDerm Skin Analyzer ; |
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the
expectation that our relationship with our current primary suppliers will not end in the
near term, and the belief that we could produce or source our personal care products from
other suppliers and expand manufacturing capabilities in China, and replace our primary
suppliers of Pharmanex products without great difficulty or increased cost; |
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our
belief that we can produce sufficient Scanners in our manufacturing facility in China to
support current and anticipated future market demands; |
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our
plans to continue to develop and introduce new, innovative products and to improve and
evolve our existing product formulations; |
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our
plans to commit resources to research and development in the future; |
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our
belief that providing effective distributor support will be important to our success; |
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our
plans to further expand our direct selling model throughout China, including our
expectation that our retail stores will qualify as service centers and our
plans to add service centers throughout China as necessary; and |
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our
belief that we do not currently foresee a shortage in qualified personnel necessary to
operate our business. |
These
and other forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties
including those described below under Risk Factors and in Item 7.
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operation.
-22-
We
face a number of substantial risks. Our business, financial condition or results of
operations could be harmed by any of these risks. The trading price of our common stock
could decline due to any of these risks, and they should be considered in connection with
the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These risk factors
should be read together with the other items in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including
Item 1. Business and Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.
Currency exchange rate
fluctuations could lower our revenue and net income.
In
2006 we recognized approximately 87% of our revenue in markets outside of the United
States in each markets respective local currency. We purchase inventory primarily in
the United States in U.S. dollars. In preparing our financial statements, we translate
revenue and expenses in foreign countries from their local currencies into U.S. dollars
using weighted-average exchange rates. If the U.S. dollar strengthens relative to local
currencies, particularly the Japanese yen inasmuch as we generated approximately 43% of
our 2006 revenue in Japan, our reported revenue, gross profit and net income will likely
be reduced. During the last couple of years we have experienced an overall weakening of
the Japanese yen, which has harmed our results. Given the global, complex political and
economic dynamics that affect exchange rate fluctuations, we cannot estimate future
fluctuations and the effect these fluctuations may have upon future reported results or
our overall financial condition. In the event the Japanese yen or other foreign currencies
weaken further, our results in 2007 would be
negatively impacted. Although we attempt to reduce our exposure to short-term exchange
rate fluctuations by using foreign currency exchange rate contracts for the Japanese yen,
we cannot be certain these contracts or any other hedging activity will effectively reduce
exchange rate exposure.
Because our Japanese operations
account for a significant part of our business, adverse changes in our business operations
in Japan would harm our business.
Approximately
43% of our 2006 revenue was generated in Japan. We have experienced declines in our
business in this market during the past 18 months, and many of our competitors have seen
their businesses in this market contract in the last few years. We believe our operating
results have been negatively impacted by a variety of factors, including the unanticipated
impact of compensation plan changes, regulatory issues, and production difficulties. Our
financial results would be harmed and our business could continue to decline if our
products, business opportunity or planned growth initiatives do not retain and generate
continued interest and enthusiasm among our distributors and consumers in this market. We
have implemented several initiatives, including the launch of the second generation
BioPhotonic Scanner and compensation plan changes, and have other initiatives planned to
help renew growth in this market. If these and other planned initiatives are delayed, are
impacted by regulatory constraints or do not generate distributor excitement or attract
new distributors or customers in Japan, it may limit our prospects for renewed growth in
that market and harm our financial results. For example, we have elected to wait until we
have completed an enhanced version of the Nu Skin® ProDerm Skin Analyzer before
implementing this initiative in Japan, which likely will not occur until at least the
latter part of 2007. While we believe that we will be able to use the ProDerm Skin
Analyzer in Japan to provide before and after pictures for consumers to demonstrate the
effectiveness of our products, the manner in which the ProDerm may be used will be subject
to significant restrictions in this market. There is also a risk that regulators could
prohibit our use of the ProDerm in this market if they believe our distributors are or
will use it to conduct skin analysis of their customers, or make medical claims or product
recommendations based on the use of the ProDerm.
If we are unable to retain our
existing independent distributors and recruit additional distributors, our revenue will
not increase and may even decline.
We
distribute almost all of our products through our independent distributors (and
China sales representatives) and we depend on them to generate virtually all of our
revenue. Our distributors may terminate their services at any time, and, like most direct
selling companies, we experience high turnover among distributors from year to year. As a
result, in order to maintain sales and increase sales in the future, we need to continue
to retain existing distributors and recruit additional distributors. To increase our
revenue, we must increase the number of and/or the productivity of our distributors.
-23-
We
have experienced periodic declines in both active distributors and executive distributors
in the past. The number of our active and executive distributors may not increase and
could decline again in the future. While we take many steps to help train, motivate and
retain distributors, we cannot accurately predict how the number and productivity of
distributors may fluctuate because we rely primarily upon our distributor leaders to
recruit, train and motivate new distributors. Our operating results could be harmed if we
and our distributor leaders do not generate sufficient interest in our business to retain
existing distributors and attract new distributors.
The number and productivity of our distributors also depends on several additional
factors, including:
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any
adverse publicity regarding us, our products, our distribution channel or our competitors; |
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a
lack of interest in, or the technical failure of, existing or new products; |
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lack
of a sponsoring story that effectively draws new people into the business; |
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the
public's perception of our products and their ingredients; |
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the
public's perception of our distributors and direct selling businesses in general; |
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our
actions to enforce our policies and procedures; |
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general
economic and business conditions; and |
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potential
saturation or maturity levels in a given country or market which could negatively impact
our ability to attract and retain distributors in such market. |
Our
operating results could be adversely affected if our existing and new business
opportunities and incentives, products, business tools and other initiatives do not
generate sufficient enthusiasm and economic incentive to retain our existing distributors
or to sponsor new distributors on a sustained basis. In addition, in our mature markets,
one of the challenges we face is keeping distributor leaders with established businesses
and high income levels motivated and actively engaged in business building activities and
developing new distributor leaders. There can be no assurance that our initiatives such as
the Scanner and others will generate excitement among our distributors in the long-term or
that planned initiatives will be successful in maintaining distributor activity and
productivity or in motivating distributor leaders to remain engaged in business building
and developing new distributor leaders. In addition, some initiatives may have
unanticipated negative impacts on our markets. For example, during the past couple of years
certain modifications we made to compensation incentives in China, Japan and certain
Southeast Asia markets were not received or understood well by some distributors,
resulting in unanticipated negative impacts on distributor numbers and revenue in these
markets. The introduction of a new product or key initiative such as the Scanner and
g3 can also negatively impact other product lines to the extent our distributor
leaders focus their efforts on the new product or initiative.
-24-
Our operations in China
are subject to significant governmental scrutiny and may be harmed by the results of such
scrutiny.
Because
of the governments significant concerns about direct selling activities, government
regulators in China scrutinize very closely activities of direct selling companies or
activities that resemble direct selling. This scrutiny has increased following adoption of
the new direct selling and anti-pyramiding regulations. The regulatory environment in
China with regards to direct selling is evolving, and officials in multiple national and
local levels in the Chinese government often exercise significant discretion in deciding
how to interpret and apply applicable regulations. In the past, the government has taken
significant actions against companies that the government found were engaging in direct
selling activities in violation of applicable law, including shutting down their
businesses and imposing substantial fines.
Our
business in China has been subject to significant governmental scrutiny over the last few
years, and reviews and investigations by government regulators have at times impeded our
ability to conduct business and have resulted in several cases in fines being paid by us,
which in the aggregate have been less than 1% of our revenue in China. We continue to be
subject to current governmental reviews and investigations, and we may incur similar or
more severe sanctions in the future. Occasionally, we have also been asked to cease sales
activity in some stores while the regulators review our operations. While, in each of
these cases, we have been allowed to recommence operations after the governments
review without material changes to our operations, there is no assurance that this will
always be the case. Even though we have now obtained approval to conduct direct selling in
Shanghai, government regulators continue to scrutinize our activities and the activities of
our distributors and sales employees to monitor our compliance with the new regulations
and other applicable regulations as we implement direct selling into our business model.
At times, complaints made by our sales representatives to the government have resulted in
increased scrutiny by the government. Any determination that our operations or activities,
or the activities of our employed sales representatives or distributors, are not in
compliance with applicable regulations could result in the imposition of substantial
fines, extended interruptions of business, termination of necessary licenses and permits,
including our direct selling approvals, or restrictions on our ability to open new stores
or obtain approvals for service centers or expand into new locations, or other actions,
all of which would harm our business.
If recently adopted direct selling
regulations in China are interpreted or enforced by governmental authorities in a manner
that negatively impacts our retail business model or our dual business model there, our
business in China could be harmed.
Towards
the end of 2005, Chinese regulators adopted anti-pyramiding and new direct selling
regulations. These regulations contain significant restrictions and limitations, including
a restriction on multi-level compensation for independent distributors selling away from a
fixed location. The regulations also impose various requirements on individuals before they can become direct sellers,
including the passage of an examination, which are more burdensome than in our other markets and which could negatively
impact the willingness of some people to sign up to become direct sellers. These new regulations are not yet well
understood, and there continues to
be some confusion and uncertainty as to the meaning of the new regulations and their
scope, and the specific types of restrictions and requirements imposed under them. It is
difficult to predict how regulators will interpret and enforce these new regulations and
the impact of these new regulations on pending regulatory reviews and investigations. Our
business and our growth prospects would be harmed if Chinese regulators interpret the
anti-pyramiding regulations or direct selling regulations as applying to our retail
store/employed sales representative business model, or if regulations are interpreted in
such a manner that our current method of conducting business through the use of employed
sales representatives or our implementation of direct selling that is currently underway
is found to violate applicable regulations. In particular, our business would be harmed by
any determination that our current method of compensating our sales employees, including
our use of the sales productivity of a sales employee and the group of sales employees
whom he or she trains and supervises as one of the factors in establishing such sales
employees salary and compensation, violates the restriction on multi-level
compensation in the new regulations. Our business could also be harmed if regulators
inhibit our ability to concurrently operate our retail store/employed sales representative
business model and our direct selling business.
-25-
Although we have obtained approval
to conduct direct selling in China, our current governmental approval only allows us to
conduct direct selling in eight districts within Shanghai. If we are unable to obtain
additional necessary national and local governmental approvals as quickly as we would
like, our ability to expand our direct selling business and grow our business there could
be negatively impacted.
In
January 2007, we completed the required national and local licensing process and commenced
direct selling activities in eight districts in Shanghai. In order to expand our direct
selling model into additional provinces, we currently must obtain a series of approvals
from district, city, provincial and national governmental agencies with respect to each
province in which we wish to expand. The approval process includes a requirement that we
establish service centers that serve primarily as product return locations. If
regulators fail to permit us to build service centers at a rate that meets our growth
demands, this could limit our ability to obtain direct selling approvals in accordance
with anticipated timelines. Because direct selling was only recently authorized in China,
the process for obtaining the necessary governmental approvals to conduct direct selling
continues to evolve. As we are being required to work with such a large number of
provincial, city, district and national governmental authorities, we have found that it is
taking more time than anticipated to work through the approval process with these
authorities. These authorities have broad discretion in interpreting the regulations and
granting necessary approvals. The regulations and processes in some circumstances have
been interpreted differently by different governmental authorities. A delay in obtaining
approvals at one level can delay our ability to obtain approvals at the next level. In
addition, we have received some indications from the national government authorities that
they intend to review and monitor the operations of an approved direct selling company
during an evaluation period before granting approvals to such company to expand into
additional provinces as regulators continue to closely monitor the development of direct
selling in China. The complexity of the approval process as well as the governments
continued cautious approach as direct selling develops in China makes it difficult to
predict the timeline for obtaining these approvals. If the results of the
governments evaluation of our direct selling activities in Shanghai results in
further delays in obtaining licenses elsewhere, or if the current processes for obtaining
approvals are delayed further for any reason or are changed or are interpreted differently
than currently understood, our ability to expand direct selling in China and our growth
prospects in this market could be negatively impacted as a result.
Because we will be implementing a
compensation plan and business model for our independent distributors in China that is
different from other markets due to regulatory restrictions, this could harm our ability
to grow our business in China.
The
direct selling regulations impose various limitations and requirements, including a
prohibition on multi-level compensation and a requirement that all distributors pass a
required examination before becoming a distributor. The regulations also impose other
restrictions on direct selling activities that differ from the regulations in our other
markets. As a result, we are implementing a direct selling compensation plan and
business model for the direct sales component of our business that differs from the
model we use in other markets. There can be no assurance that these restrictions will not
negatively impact our ability to provide an attractive business opportunity to
distributors in this market and limit our ability to grow our business in this market. In
addition, the regulations do not allow the sale of general foods through a direct selling
business model. Because some of our supplements, including LifePak, are being marketed as general foods until
we obtain health food status for these products, we will only be
able to sell these products at our stores and not away from the stores until they receive
health food status, which could have a negative impact on our direct selling business.
-26-
Intellectual property rights are
difficult to enforce in China.
Chinese
commercial law is relatively undeveloped compared to most of our other major markets, and,
as a result, we may have limited legal recourse in the event we encounter significant
difficulties with patent or trademark infringers. Limited protection of intellectual
property is available under Chinese law, and the local manufacturing of our products may
subject us to an increased risk that unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise
obtain or use our product formulations. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able
to adequately protect our product formulations.
If the BioPhotonic Scanner is
determined to be a medical device in a particular geographic market or if our distributors
use it for medical diagnostic purposes, this could harm our ability to utilize it.
In
March 2003, the FDA questioned the status of the BioPhotonic Scanner as a non-medical
device. We subsequently filed an application with the FDA to have it classified as a
non-medical device. The FDA has not yet acted on our application. There are various
factors that could determine whether the BioPhotonic Scanner is a medical device including
the claims that we or our distributors make about it. We have faced similar uncertainties
and regulatory issues in other markets with respect to the status of the BioPhotonic
Scanner as a non-medical device and the claims that can be made in using it. For example,
during the past couple of years we have faced regulatory inquiries in Japan, Korea,
Singapore and Thailand regarding distributor claims with respect to the Scanner. There
have also been recent legislative proposals in Singapore and Malaysia relating to the
regulation of medical devices which could have an impact on the Scanner. We recently had two
Scanners detained by the FDA office in Cincinnati that were being shippped back from Israel,
and the office has asked us for documentation regarding its status as a non-medical device. A determination
in any of these markets that the Scanner is a medical device or that distributors are
using it to make medical claims or perform medical diagnoses could negatively impact our
plans for or use of the BioPhotonic Scanner in such market. In 2006 we obtained additional
contract rights to utilize the Scanner in all locations, including health care and medical
facilities. Some of our distributors are now promoting the use of Scanners by medical
professionals as a non-medical device in conjunction with wellness programs. This
promotion could result in enhanced FDA scrutiny and increase the risk that the BioPhotonic
Scanner be treated as a medical device requiring medical device clearance. Regulatory
scrutiny of the Scanner may also dampen distributor enthusiasm and hinder the ability of
distributors to effectively utilize the Scanner. In the event medical device clearance is
required in any market, obtaining clearance could require us to provide documentation
concerning its clinical utility and to make some modifications to its design,
specifications and manufacturing process in order to meet stringent standards imposed on
medical device companies. There can be no assurance we would be able to provide such
documentation and make such changes promptly or in a manner that is satisfactory to
regulatory authorities.
Technical and regulatory issues
associated with the second generation BioPhotonic Scanner and the Nu Skin®
ProDerm Skin Analyzer could negatively impact the success of these programs, which
could harm our business.
Our
current and planned initiatives surrounding the continued rollout and promotion of the S2
Scanner and the introduction of Nu Skin® ProDerm Skin Analyzer in our various
markets are subject to technical and regulatory risks and uncertainties. The S2 was just introduced this past year,
and we cannot be certain that over the long term the units will consistently perform according
to expectations or that we will not experience technical problems. We have experienced
challenges in our development of the ProDerm tool, including some software glitches
in beta units that were tested in some Asia markets. As we continue to work through these
technical issues, we elected to introduce an initial version that has fewer features than
we initially anticipated. The initial version of this tool that we launched in the United
States and Europe provides close-up skin images that enables distributors to demonstrate
the effectiveness of our skin care products. We are currently working on the development
of an enhanced version that will have improved functionality. There can be no assurance,
however, that we will be able to successfully develop an enhanced version of this tool in
accordance with our expectations. In addition, we are subject to regulatory risks with
respect to the introduction of this tool, particularly in Japan, where it appears that
regulatory restrictions in Japan may impose limitations on the use of this tool and on
claims that may be made in connection with its use. Such limitations in Japan or any other
markets could weaken the ability of our distributors to utilize this tool in building
their businesses, and could dampen distributor enthusiasm surrounding it.
-27-
Governmental regulations relating
to the marketing and advertising of our products and services, in particular our
nutritional supplements, may restrict or inhibit our ability to sell these products.
Our
products and our related marketing and advertising efforts are subject to extensive
governmental regulations by numerous domestic and foreign governmental agencies and
authorities. These include the FDA, the FTC, the Consumer Product Safety Commission and
the Department of Agriculture in the United States, State Attorneys General and other
state regulatory agencies and the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan along
with similar governmental agencies in other foreign markets where we operate.
Our
markets have varied regulations concerning product formulation, labeling, packaging and
importation. These laws and regulations often require us to, among other things:
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reformulate
products for a specific market to meet the specific product formulation laws of that
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conform
product labeling to the regulations in each country; and |
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register
or qualify products with the applicable governmental authority or obtain necessary
approvals or file necessary notifications for the marketing of our products. |
Restrictions
on our ability to introduce products, or delays in introducing products, could reduce
revenue and decrease profitability. Regulators also may prohibit us from making
therapeutic claims about products, regardless of the existence of research and independent
studies that may support such claims. These product claim restrictions could prevent us
from realizing the potential revenue from some of our products.
Changes to our compensation
arrangements with our distributors could be viewed negatively by some distributors and
could harm our operating results if such changes impact distributor productivity.
We
have implemented a global compensation plan that has some components that differ from
market to market. We modify components of our compensation plan from time to time in an
attempt to keep our compensation plan competitive and attractive to existing and potential
distributors, to address changing market dynamics, to provide incentives to distributors
that we believe will help grow our business, and to address other business needs. Because
of the size of our distributor force and the complexity of our compensation plans, it is
difficult to predict whether such changes will achieve their desired results. For example,
in 2005, we made changes to our compensation plan in Japan that had been successful in
other markets, but did not have the impact in Japan that we anticipated and negatively
impacted our business. China and certain markets in Southeast Asia similarly were
negatively impacted by compensation plan changes in 2005. We are currently implementing a
new compensation plan for China for our independent distributors as we implement a direct
selling model. We are also making some modifications to our employed sales representative
compensation model to simplify it and to make it complementary to the compensation model
we are implementing for the independent distributor sales force. In addition, because of
the size and complexity of our sales force and compensation plan, growth in certain
markets and changes to our plans have caused compensation rates in these markets to rise
higher than historical levels, which could reduce our operating income. Although
managements objective is to maximize the benefit of compensation plan expenses,
compensation plan changes may be made in the future in these markets with higher
compensation rates in order to maintain overall payout as close to historical levels as
possible. We cannot be certain that the modifications we are making in China or any other
modifications we make to our compensation plans in our other markets will be well received
or achieve their desired results. If our distributors fail to adapt to these changes or
find them unattractive, our business could be harmed.
-28-
Negative publicity concerning
supplements with certain controversial ingredients has spurred efforts to change existing
laws and regulations with respect to nutritional supplements that, if successful, could
result in more restrictive and burdensome regulations.
There
has been an increasing movement in the United States and other markets to increase the
regulation of dietary supplements which could impose additional restrictions or
requirements in the future. This movement has been generated, in part, by negative
publicity arising from injuries and deaths alleged to be caused by nutritional supplements
containing ephedra (which we have never sold) and other controversial ingredients. We are
committed to not market nutritional supplements that contain any substances such as
ephedra that are controversial and that could pose health risks. However, our operations
could be harmed if governmental laws or regulations are enacted that restrict the ability
of companies to market or distribute nutritional supplements or impose additional burdens
or requirements on nutritional supplement companies.
If we are unable to successfully
expand and grow operations within our recently opened and developing markets, we may have
difficulty achieving our long-term objectives.
A
significant percentage of our revenue growth over the past decade has been attributable to
our expansion into new markets. For example, the revenue growth we experienced in 2003 and
2004 was due in part to our successful expansion of operations into China. Our growth over
the next several years depends in part on our ability to successfully introduce products
and tools, and to successfully implement initiatives in our new and developing markets,
including China, Russia, Latin America and Eastern Europe that will help generate growth.
In addition to the regulatory difficulties we may face in introducing our products, tools,
and initiatives in these markets, we could face difficulties in achieving acceptance of
our premium-priced products in developing markets. In the past, we have struggled to
operate successfully in developing country markets, such as Latin America. This may also
be the case in Eastern Europe and the other new markets into which we have recently
expanded. If we are unable to successfully expand our operations within these new markets,
our opportunities to grow our business may be limited, and, as a result, we may not be
able to achieve our long-term objectives.
Global political issues
and conflicts could harm our business.
Because
a substantial portion of our business is conducted outside of the United States, our
business is subject to global political issues and conflicts, including terrorism threats,
tensions related to North Korea, political tensions between the Peoples Republic of
China and Taiwan, and other issues. If these conflicts or issues escalate, or if there is
increased anti-American sentiment, this could harm our foreign operations. In addition,
changes and actions by governments in foreign markets, in particular those markets such as
China where capitalism and free market trading is still evolving, could harm our business.
-29-
Adverse publicity concerning our
business, marketing plan or products could harm our business and reputation.
The
size of our distribution force and the results of our operations can be particularly
impacted by adverse publicity regarding us, the nature of our distributor network, our
products or the actions of our distributors. Specifically, we are susceptible to adverse
publicity concerning:
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|
|
suspicions
about the legality and ethics of network marketing; |
|
|
|
the
ingredients or safety of our or our competitors' products; |
|
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|
regulatory
investigations of us, our competitors and our respective products; |
|
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|
the
actions of our current or former distributors; and |
|
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|
public
perceptions of direct selling businesses generally. |
In
addition, in the past we have experienced negative publicity that has harmed our business
in connection with regulatory investigations and inquiries. We may receive negative
publicity in the future, and it may harm our business and reputation.
Although our distributors are
independent contractors, improper distributor actions that violate laws or regulations
could harm our business.
Distributor
activities in our existing markets that violate governmental laws or regulations could
result in governmental actions against us in markets where we operate. Except in China,
our distributors are not employees and act independently of us. We implement strict
policies and procedures to ensure our distributors will comply with legal requirements.
However, given the size of our distributor force, we experience problems with distributors
from time to time. For example, product claims made by some of our distributors in 1990
and 1991 led to an investigation by the FTC in the United States, which resulted in our entering into a consent
decree with the FTC as described below. In addition, recent rulings by the Korean FTC and
by judicial authorities against us and other companies in Korea indicate that vicarious
liability may be imposed on us for the criminal activity of our independent distributors.
Inability of new products to gain
distributor and market acceptance could harm our business.
A
critical component of our business is our ability to develop new products that create
enthusiasm among our distributor force. If we are unable to introduce new products planned
for introduction, our distributor productivity could be harmed. In addition, if any new
products fail to gain market acceptance, are restricted by regulatory requirements or have
quality problems, this would harm our results of operations. Factors that could affect our
ability to continue to introduce new products include, among others, government
regulations, the inability to attract and retain qualified research and development staff,
the termination of third-party research and collaborative arrangements, proprietary
protections of competitors that may limit our ability to offer comparable products and the
difficulties in anticipating changes in consumer tastes and buying preferences.
Government inquiries,
investigations, and actions could harm our business.
From
time to time, we receive formal and informal inquiries from various government regulatory
authorities about our business and our compliance with local laws and regulations. Any
determination that we or our distributors are not in compliance with existing laws or
regulations could potentially harm our business. Even if governmental actions do not
result in rulings or orders, they potentially could create negative publicity which could
detrimentally affect our efforts to recruit or motivate distributors and attract customers
and, consequently, reduce revenue and net income.
-30-
In
the early 1990s, we entered into voluntary consent agreements with the FTC and a few state
regulatory agencies relating to investigations of our distributors product claims
and practices. These investigations centered on alleged unsubstantiated product and
earnings claims made by some of our distributors. We believe that the negative publicity
generated by this FTC action, as well as a subsequent action in the mid-1990s related to
unsubstantiated product claims, harmed our business and results of operations in the
United States. Pursuant to the consent decrees, we agreed, among other things, to
supplement our procedures to enforce our policies, to not allow distributors to make
earnings representations without making additional disclosures relating to average
earnings and to not make, or allow our distributors to make, product claims that were not
substantiated. We have taken various actions, including implementing a more generous
inventory buy-back policy, publishing average distributor earnings information,
supplementing our procedures for enforcing our policies, and reviewing distributor product
sales aids, to address the issues raised by the FTC and state agencies in these
investigations. As a result of the previous investigations, the FTC makes inquiries from
time to time regarding our compliance with applicable laws and regulations and our consent
decree. Any further actions by the FTC or other comparable state or federal regulatory
agencies, in the United States or abroad, could have a further negative impact on us in
the future.
In
addition, we are susceptible to government-initiated campaigns that do not rise to the
level of formal regulations. For example, the South Korean government, several South
Korean trade groups and members of the South Korean media initiated campaigns in 1997 and
1998 urging South Korean consumers not to purchase luxury or foreign goods. We believe
that these campaigns and the related media attention they received, together with the
economic recession that occurred in the late 1990s in the South Korean economy,
significantly harmed our South Korean business. We cannot assure that similar government,
trade group or media actions will not occur again in South Korea or in other countries
where we operate or that such events will not similarly harm our operations.
The loss of key high-level
distributors could negatively impact our distributor growth and our revenue.
As
of December 31, 2006, we had approximately 761,000 active independent distributors, sales
representatives and preferred customers, including approximately 30,000 executive level
distributors or full-time sales representatives. Approximately 453 distributors occupied
the highest distributor level under our global compensation plan as of that date. These
distributors, together with their extensive networks of downline distributors, account for
substantially all of our revenue. As a result, the loss of a high-level distributor or a
group of leading distributors in the distributors network of downline distributors,
whether by their own choice or through disciplinary actions by us for violations of our
policies and procedures, could negatively impact our distributor growth and our revenue.
-31-
Laws and regulations may prohibit
or severely restrict our direct sales efforts and cause our revenue and profitability to
decline, and regulators could adopt new regulations that harm our business.
Various
government agencies throughout the world regulate direct sales practices. These laws and
regulations are generally intended to prevent fraudulent or deceptive schemes, often
referred to as pyramid schemes, that compensate participants for recruiting
additional participants irrespective of product sales, use high pressure recruiting
methods and/or do not involve legitimate products. The laws and regulations in our current
markets often:
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impose
order cancellations, product returns, inventory buy-backs and cooling-off rights for
consumers and distributors; |
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require
us or our distributors to register with governmental agencies; |
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impose
reporting requirements to regulatory agencies; and/or |
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require
us to ensure that distributors are not being compensated based upon the recruitment of
new distributors. |
Complying
with these widely varying and sometimes inconsistent rules and regulations can be
difficult and require the devotion of significant resources on our part. If we are unable
to continue business in existing markets or commence operations in new markets because of
these laws, our revenue and profitability will decline. Countries where we currently do
business could change their laws or regulations to negatively affect or completely
prohibit direct sales efforts.
In
addition, government agencies and courts in the countries where we operate may use their
powers and discretion in interpreting and applying laws in a manner that limits our
ability to operate or otherwise harms our business or adopt new laws or regulations that
could impose additional restrictions. For example, the FTC in the United States has
recently proposed new regulations which would impose additional disclosure requirements
and waiting periods before a person could sign up to become a distributor that are
restrictive and burdensome. The direct selling industry association has filed comments
objecting to many of these requirements and is working to get the FTC to change its
proposal for new regulations. If these regulations were adopted in their current form, it
could have a negative impact on direct selling businesses in the United States including
our business. If any governmental authority were to bring a regulatory enforcement action
against us that interrupts our business, revenue and earnings would likely suffer.
Challenges by private parties to
the form of our network marketing system could harm our business.
We
may be subject to challenges by private parties, including our distributors, to the form
of our network marketing system or elements of our business. In the United States, the
network marketing industry and regulatory authorities have generally relied on the
implementation of distributor rules and policies designed to promote retail sales to
protect consumers and to prevent inappropriate activities and to distinguish between
legitimate network marketing distribution plans and unlawful pyramid schemes. We have
adopted rules and policies based on case law, rulings of the FTC, discussions with
regulatory authorities in several states and domestic and global industry standards. Legal
and regulatory requirements concerning network marketing systems, however, involve a high
level of subjectivity, are inherently fact-based and are subject to judicial
interpretation. Because of the foregoing, we can provide no assurance that we would not be
harmed by the application or interpretation of statutes or regulations governing network
marketing, particularly in any civil challenge by a current or former distributor.
-32-
Increases in duties on our
imported products in our markets outside of the United States or adverse results of tax
audits in our various markets could reduce our revenue, negatively impact our operating
results and harm our competitive position.
Historically,
we have imported most of our products into the countries in which they are ultimately
sold. These countries impose various legal restrictions on imports and typically impose
duties on our products. We are subject from time to time to reviews and audits by the
foreign taxing authorities of the various jurisdictions in which we conduct business
throughout the world. These audits sometimes result in challenges by such taxing
authorities as to our methodologies used in determining our income tax, duties, customs,
and other amounts owed in connection with the importation and distribution of our
products. Currently, customs audits are underway in a number of our markets. We have been
assessed by the Japan customs authorities approximately $25 million for additional duties
on products imported into Japan, and we are currently contesting this assessment. Effective July 1,
2005, the Company is operating under a new structure in Japan and we are in the process
of negotiating a new advanced pricing agreement with the income tax authorities
in Japan related to our transfer pricing for products being imported into Japan. In connection
with these negotiations, they have requested that we explain our position in
the custom's appeal and apparent difference in our treatment of the transaction for customs purposes
compared to our income tax treatment under the prior
structure. In the event the income tax authorities disagree with our position or explanation, there is a risk
that they could attempt to challenge our income tax position, which could negatively impact our ability to successfully
prosecute our custom's appeal or result in additional income tax assessments. Audits
are also often focused on whether or not certain expenses are deductible for tax purposes
in a given country. In Taiwan, we are currently subject to an audit by tax authorities
with respect to the deductibility of distributor commission expenses in that market. In
order to avoid the running of the statute of limitations with respect to the 1999 and 2000
tax years, the Taiwan tax authorities have disallowed our commission expense deductions
for those years and assessed us a total of approximately $18.7 million. We are contesting
this assessment and are in discussions with the tax authorities in an effort to resolve
this matter. To the extent we are unable to successfully defend ourselves against such
audits and reviews, we may be required to pay assessments and penalties and increased
duties, which may, individually or in the aggregate, negatively impact our gross margins
and operating results.
Governmental authorities may
question our intercompany transfer pricing policies or change their laws in a manner that
could increase our effective tax rate or otherwise harm our business.
As
a U.S. company doing business in international markets through subsidiaries, we are
subject to foreign tax and intercompany pricing laws, including those relating to the flow
of funds between our company and our subsidiaries. Regulators in the United States and in
foreign markets closely monitor our corporate structure and how we effect intercompany
fund transfers. If regulators challenge our corporate structure, transfer pricing
mechanisms or intercompany transfers, our operations may be harmed, and our effective tax
rate may increase. Tax rates vary from country to country, and, if regulators determine
that our profits in one jurisdiction may need to be increased, we may not be able to fully
utilize all foreign tax credits that are generated, which will increase our effective tax
rate. For example, our corporate income tax rate in the United States is 35%. If our
profitability in a higher tax jurisdiction, such as Japan where the corporate tax rate is
currently set at 46%, increases disproportionately to the rest of our business, our
effective tax rate may increase. The various customs, exchange control and transfer
pricing laws are continually changing and are subject to the interpretation of
governmental agencies. Despite our efforts to be aware of and comply with such laws and
changes to and interpretations thereof, there is a risk that we may not continue to
operate in compliance with such laws. We may need to adjust our operating procedures in
response to such changes, and as a result our business may suffer.
The loss of suppliers or shortages
in ingredients could harm our business.
For
approximately ten years, we have acquired ingredients and products from a supplier that
currently manufactures approximately 25% of our Nu Skin personal care products. In
addition, we currently rely on two suppliers for a majority of Pharmanex nutritional
supplement products, one of which supplies approximately 35% and the other of which
supplies approximately 22%. In the event we were to lose any of these suppliers and
experience any difficulties in finding or transitioning to alternative suppliers, this
could harm our business. In addition, we obtain some of our products from sole suppliers
that own or control the product formulations or ingredients. We also license the right to
distribute some of our products from third parties. Although none of these products
individually represents a substantial portion of our revenue, in the event we are unable
to renew these contracts, we may need to discontinue some products or develop substitute
products, which could harm our revenue. In addition, if we experience supply shortages or
regulatory impediments with respect to the raw materials and ingredients we use in our
products, we may need to seek alternative supplies or suppliers. Some of our nutritional
products, including our recently introduced g3 juice, incorporate natural products
that are only harvested once a year and may have limited supplies. If demand exceeds
forecasts, we may have difficulties in obtaining additional supplies to meet the excess
demand until the next growing season. If we are unable to successfully respond to such
issues our business could be harmed.
-33-
Production difficulties
and quality control problems could harm our business.
Occasionally,
we, or our suppliers have experienced production difficulties with respect to our
products, including the delivery of products that do not meet our quality control
standards. These quality problems have resulted in the past, and could result in the
future, in stock outages or shortages in our markets with respect to products, harming our
sales and creating inventory write-offs for unusable product. In addition, these issues
can negatively impact distributor confidence as well as potentially invite additional
governmental scrutiny in our various markets.
We depend on our key personnel,
and the loss of the services provided by any of our executive officers or other key
employees could harm our business and results of operations.
Our
success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our senior
management, many of whom would be difficult to replace. These employees may voluntarily
terminate their employment with us at any time. We may not be able to successfully retain
existing personnel or identify, hire and integrate new personnel. We do not carry key
person insurance for any of our personnel. Although we have signed offer letters or
written agreements summarizing the compensation terms for some of our senior executives,
we have generally not entered into formal employment agreements with our executive
officers. If we lose the services of our executive officers or key employees for any
reason, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
Our markets are intensely
competitive, and market conditions and the strengths of competitors may harm our business.
The
markets for our products are intensely competitive. Our results of operations may be
harmed by market conditions and competition in the future. Many competitors have much
greater name recognition and financial resources than we have, which may give them a
competitive advantage. For example, our Nu Skin products compete directly with branded,
premium retail products. We also compete with other direct selling organizations. The
leading direct selling companies in our existing markets are Avon and Alticor (Amway). We
currently do not have significant patent or other proprietary protection, and our
competitors may introduce products with the same ingredients that we use in our products.
Because of regulatory restrictions concerning claims about the efficacy of dietary
supplements, we may have difficulty differentiating our products from our
competitors products, and competing products entering the nutritional market could
harm our nutritional supplement revenue.
We also compete with other network marketing companies for distributors. Some of these
competitors have a longer operating history and greater visibility, name recognition and
financial resources than we do. Some of our competitors have also adopted and could
continue to adopt some of our successful business strategies, including our global
compensation plan for distributors. Consequently, to successfully compete in this market
and attract and retain distributors, we must ensure that our business opportunities and
compensation plans are financially rewarding. We have over 20 years of experience in this
market and believe we have significant competitive advantages, but we cannot assure you
that we will be able to successfully compete in every endeavor in this market.
-34-
Product liability claims could
harm our business.
We
may be required to pay for losses or injuries purportedly caused by our products. Although
we have had a very limited number and relatively low financial exposure from product
claims to date, we have experienced difficulty in finding insurers that are willing to
provide product liability coverage at reasonable rates due to insurance industry trends
and the rising cost of insurance generally. As a result, we have elected to self-insure
our product liability risks for our core product lines. Until we elect and are able to
obtain product liability insurance, if any of our products are found to cause any injury
or damage, we will be subject to the full amount of liability associated with any injuries
or damages. This liability could be substantial. We cannot predict if and when product
liability insurance will be available to us on reasonable terms.
System failures could harm our
business.
Because
of our diverse geographic operations and our complex distributor compensation plan, our
business is highly dependent on efficiently functioning information technology systems.
These systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from fires,
earthquakes, telecommunications failures and other events. They are also subject to
break-ins, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism and similar misconduct. We have adopted and implemented
a Business Continuity/Disaster Recovery Plan. Our primary data sets are archived and stored at third-party secure sites,
but we have not contracted for a third-party recovery site. Despite any precautions, the
occurrence of a natural disaster or other unanticipated problems could result in
interruptions in services and reduce our revenue and profits.
There is a risk that the Avian Flu
or other such epidemics could negatively impact our business, particularly in those Asian
markets most affected by such epidemics in recent years.
Our
revenue was negatively impacted in 2003 by the SARS epidemic that hit Asia during that
year. Currently, the Avian Flu is a concern in some Asian markets. It is difficult to
predict the impact on our business, if any, of a recurrence of SARS or other epidemic, of
the Avian Flu, or the emergence of new epidemics. Although such events could generate
increased sales of health/immune supplements and certain personal care products, our
direct selling and retail activities and results of operations could be harmed if the fear
of the Avian Flu, SARS or other communicable diseases that spread rapidly in densely
populated areas causes people to avoid public places and interaction with one another.
The market price of our common stock
is subject to significant fluctuations due to a number of factors that are
beyond our control.
Our
common stock closed at $22.51 per share on March 31, 2005 and closed at $17.56 per
share on February 15, 2007. During this two-year period, our common stock traded
as low as $13.40 per share and as high as $25.86 per share. Many factors could cause the
market price of our common stock to fall. Some of these factors include:
|
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fluctuations
in our quarterly operating results; |
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|
the
sale of shares of common stock by our original or significant stockholders; |
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|
general
trends in the market for our products; |
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|
acquisitions
by us or our competitors; |
-35-
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|
economic
and/or currency exchange issues in those foreign countries in which we operate; |
|
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|
changes
in estimates of our operating performance or changes in recommendations by securities
analysts; and |
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general
business and political conditions. |
Broad
market fluctuations could also lower the market price of our common stock
regardless of our actual operating performance.
As of February 15, 2007, our
original stockholders, together with their family members, estate planning entities and
affiliates, controlled approximately 29% of the combined stockholder voting power, and
their interests may be different from yours.
The
original stockholders of our company, together with their family members and affiliates,
have the ability to influence the election and removal of the board of directors and, as a
result, future direction and operations of our company. As of February 15, 2007, these
stockholders owned approximately 29% of the voting power of the outstanding shares of
common stock. Accordingly, they may influence decisions concerning business
opportunities, declaring dividends, issuing additional shares of common stock or
other securities and the approval of any merger, consolidation or sale of all or
substantially all of our assets. They may make decisions that are adverse to your
interests.
If our stockholders sell a
substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, the market
price of our common stock could fall.
Several
of our principal stockholders hold a large number of shares of the outstanding
common stock. Any decision by any of our principal stockholders to aggressively sell their
shares could depress the market price of our common stock. As of February 15,
2007, we had approximately 65.9 million shares of common stock outstanding. All of
these shares are freely tradable, except for approximately 19 million shares held by
certain stockholders who participated in our October 2003 recapitalization transaction
wherein we repurchased approximately 10.8 million of our shares from our original
stockholders and their affiliates and facilitated the resale of approximately 6.2 million
additional shares to a group of private equity investors. Under the terms of our
repurchase, our original stockholders agreed to a two-year lock-up that expired on
October 22, 2005. These stockholders also agreed that, after the expiration of the
two-year lock-up agreement in October 2005, they will be subject to certain volume
limitations with respect to open market transactions. In the event these lock-up
restrictions were removed, the resulting sales could cause the price of our common
stock to decline.
ITEM 1B. |
|
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS |
None.
Our
principal properties consist of the following:
Operational
Facilities. These facilities include administrative offices, walk-in centers, and
warehouse/distribution centers. Our operational facilities measuring 50,000 square feet or
more include the following:
-36-
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our
worldwide headquarters in Provo, Utah; |
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our
worldwide distribution center/warehouse in Provo, Utah; and |
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our
distribution center in Tokyo, Japan. |
Manufacturing Facilities. Each of
our manufacturing facilities measure 50,000 square feet or more, and include the
following:
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our
nutritional supplement manufacturing facility in Zhejiang Province, China; |
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|
our
personal care manufacturing facility in Shanghai, China; and |
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our
Scanner manufacturing facility in Shanghai, China. |
Retail Stores. We currently operate
approximately 150 stores in 30 provinces throughout China, measuring a total of approximately 296,010
square feet.
Research and Development Centers.
We operate three research and development centers, one in Provo, Utah, one in Shanghai,
China, and one in Beijing, China.
With
the exception of our research and development center in Utah, our nutritional supplement
plant in China, and a few other minor facilities, which we own, we lease the properties
described above. Our headquarters and distribution center in Utah are leased from related
parties. We believe that our existing and planned facilities are adequate for our current
operations in each of our existing markets.
ITEM 3. |
|
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
Due to the international nature of
our business, we are subject from time to time to reviews and audits by the foreign taxing authorities of the various jurisdictions in which we
conduct business throughout the world. In 1999, we implemented a duty valuation methodology with respect to the importation of certain
products into Japan. For purposes of the import transactions at issue, we had taken the position that,
under applicable customs law, there was a sale between the manufacturer and our
Japan subsidiary, and that customs duties should be assessed on the manufacturer's invoice. The Valuation Department of the Yokohama customs
authorities reviewed and approved this methodology at that time, and it had been reviewed on several occasions by the audit division of the
Japan customs authorities since then. In connection with subsequent audits in 2004, the Yokohama customs authorities assessed us additional
duties and penalties on these products imported into Japan from October 2002 to October 2004, based on a different valuation methodology than
what was previously approved. With respect to the periods under audit, the customs authorities took the position that the relevant import
transaction involved a sale between our U.S.
affiliate and our Japan subsidiary and that duties should be assessed on the value of that transaction.
We disputed this assessment. We also
disputed the amount of duties we were required to pay on products imported from November of 2004 to June of 2005 for similar reasons. The
total amount assessed or in dispute is approximately $25.0 million, net of any recovery of consumption taxes. Effective July 1, 2005, we
implemented some modifications to our business structure in Japan and in the United States that we believe will eliminate any further customs
valuation disputes with respect to product imports in Japan after that time.
Because we believe the documentation and legal analysis supports our position and the valuation methodology we used with respect to the
products in dispute had been reviewed and approved by the customs authorities in Japan, we believe the assessments are improper and we filed
letters of protest with Yokohama customs with respect to this entire amount. Yokohama customs rejected our letters of protest, and to follow
proper administrative procedures we filed appeals with the Japan Ministry of Finance. On June 26, 2006, we were advised that the Ministry of
Finance had rejected the appeals filed with their office relating to the imports from October 2002 to October 2004. We decided to appeal this
issue through the judicial court system in Japan, and on December 22, 2006 we filed a complaint with the Tokyo District Court Civil Action Section
with respect to this period. In January 2007, we were advised that the Ministry of Finance also rejected our appeal with them for the imports from November 2004 to June
2005. We currently plan
to appeal this decision with the court system in Japan as well. One of the findings cited by the
Ministry of Finance in its decisions was that we had treated the transactions as sales between our U.S.
affiliate and our Japan subsidiary on our corporate income tax return under applicable income tax and
transfer pricing laws. We have paid the $25.0 million in customs duties and assessments, the amount of
which we recorded in "Other Assets" in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. To the extent that we are unsuccessful in recovering the amounts
assessed and paid, we will be required to take a corresponding charge to our earnings.
ITEM 4. |
|
SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS |
There
were no matters submitted to a vote of the security holders during the fourth quarter of
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006.
-37-
PART II
ITEM 5. |
|
MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES |
Our
Class A common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and
trades under the symbol NUS. The following table is based upon the information
available to us and sets forth the range of the high and low sales prices for our Class A
common stock for the quarterly periods during 2005 and 2006 based upon quotations on the
NYSE.
Quarter Ended | |
High | |
Low | |
|
|
|
March 31, 2005 |
|
$ 25.55 |
|
$ 20.07 |
|
June 30, 2005 | |
24.62 |
|
20.57 |
|
September 30, 2005 | |
25.86 |
|
18.95 |
|
December 31, 2005 | |
19.29 |
|
15.35 |
|
Quarter Ended | |
High | |
Low | |
|
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|
March 31, 2006 |
|
$ 19.71 |
|
$ 17.12 |
|
June 30, 2006 | |
18.40 |
|
14.38 |
|
September 30, 2006 | |
18.50 |
|
13.40 |
|
December 31, 2006 | |
19.42 |
|
17.23 |
|
The
market price of our Class A common stock is subject to significant fluctuations in
response to variations in our quarterly operating results, general trends in the market
for our products and product candidates, economic and currency exchange issues in the
foreign markets in which we operate and other factors, many of which are not within our
control. In addition, broad market fluctuations, as well as general economic, business,
regulatory and political conditions may adversely affect the market for our Class A common
stock, regardless of our actual or projected performance.
The
closing price of our Class A common stock on February 15, 2007, was $17.56. The
approximate number of holders of record of our Class A common stock as of February 15,
2007 was 579. This number of holders of record does not represent the actual number of
beneficial owners of shares of our Class A common stock because shares are frequently held
in street name by securities dealers and others for the benefit of individual
owners who have the right to vote their shares.
Dividends
We
declared and paid a $0.09 per share dividend for Class A common stock in March, June,
September and December of 2005, and a $0.10 per share quarterly dividend for Class A
common stock in March, June, September and December of 2006. The board of directors
declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.105 per share of Class A common stock on February
5, 2007. This quarterly cash dividend will be paid on March 21, 2007, to stockholders of
record on March 2, 2007. Management believes that cash flows from operations will be
sufficient to fund this and future dividend payments, if any.
We
expect to continue to pay dividends on our common stock. However, the declaration of
dividends is subject to the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon
various factors, including our net earnings, financial condition, cash requirements,
future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.
-38-
Purchases of Equity
Securities by the Issuer
|
(a) | |
(b) | |
(c) | |
(d) | |
Period | |
Total Number of Shares Purchased | |
Average Price Paid per Share | |
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | |
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that may yet be Purchased Under
the Plans or Programs (in millions)(1) | |
October 1 - 31, 2006 |
|
781,828 |
|
$ 18.35 |
|
781,400 |
|
$ 84.1 |
|
November 1 - 30, 2006 |
|
594,000 | |
$ 18.86 |
|
594,000 |
|
$ 72.9 |
| |
December 1 - 31, 2006 |
|
679,000 |
|
$ 18.17 |
|
679,000 |
|
$ 60.6 | |
|
Total |
|
2,054,828 |
(2) |
$ 18.44 |
|
2,054,400 |
(1) |
|
In
August 1998, our board of directors approved a plan to repurchase $10.0
million of our Class A common stock on the open market or in private
transactions. Our board has from time to time increased the amount
authorized under the plan and a total amount of approximately $235.0
million is currently authorized. As of December 31, 2006, we had
repurchased approximately $175.0 million of shares under the plan. There
has been no termination or expiration of the plan since the initial date
of approval. |
(2) |
|
We
have authorized the repurchase of shares acquired by our employees and distributors in
certain foreign markets because of regulatory and other issues that make
it difficult and costly for these persons to sell such shares in the open
market. These shares were awarded or acquired in connection with our
initial public offering in 1996. Of the shares listed in this column, 428
shares for October relate to repurchases from such employees at an average
per share purchase price of $17.12. |
-39-
Stock Performance Graph
Set
forth below is a line graph comparing the cumulative total stockholder return (stock price
appreciation plus dividends) on the Class A Common Stock with the cumulative total return
of the S&P 500 Index and a market-weighted index of publicly traded peers for the
period from December 31, 2001 through December 31, 2006. The graph assumes that $100 is
invested in each of the Class A Common Stock, the S&P 500 Index, and each of the
indexes of publicly traded peers on December 31, 2001 and that all dividends were
reinvested. The peer group consists of all of the following companies that compete in our
industry and product categories: Avon Products,
Inc., Estee Lauder, Natures Sunshine Products, Inc., Tupperware Corporation,
Herbalife LTD., USANA Health Sciences, Inc. and Alberto Culver Co.
Measured Period
|
Company
|
S&P 500 Index
|
Peer Group Index
|
December 31, 2001 |
|
$ 100 |
.00 |
100 |
.00 |
100 |
.00 |
December 31, 2002 | |
139 |
.83 |
103 |
.46 |
77 |
.90 |
December 31, 2003 | |
204 |
.68 |
139 |
.05 |
100 |
.25 |
December 31, 2004 | |
308 |
.19 |
164 |
.15 |
111 |
.15 |
December 31, 2005 | |
217 |
.21 |
134 |
.87 |
116 |
.61 |
December 31, 2006 | |
230 |
.33 |
161 |
.14 |
135 |
.03 |
-40-
ITEM 6. |
|
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
The
following selected consolidated financial data as of and for the years ended December 31,
2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006 have been derived from the audited consolidated financial
statements.
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2002 | |
2003 | |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share data and cash dividends) |
|
Income Statement Data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue | |
$ 964,067 |
|
$ 986,457 |
|
$ 1,137,864 |
|
$ 1,180,930 |
|
$ 1,115,409 |
|
Cost of sales | |
190,868 |
|
176,545 |
|
191,211 |
|
206,163 |
|
195,203 |
|
Gross profit | |
773,199 |
|
809,912 |
|
946,653 |
|
974,767 |
|
920,206 |
|
Operating expenses: | |
Selling expenses | |
382,159 |
|
407,088 |
|
487,631 |
|
497,421 |
|
480,136 |
|
General and administrative expenses(1) | |
285,229 |
|
289,925 |
|
333,263 |
|
354,223 |
|
353,412 |
|
Impairment of assets and other | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,840 |
|
Restructuring and other charges | |
|
|
5,592 |
|
|
|
|
|
11,115 |
|
Total operating expenses | |
667,388 |
|
702,605 |
|
820,894 |
|
851,644 |
|
865,503 |
|
Operating income | |
105,811 |
|
107,307 |
|
125,759 |
|
123,123 |
|
54,703 |
|
Other income (expense), net | |
(2,886 |
) |
432 |
|
(3,618 |
) |
(4,172 |
) |
(2,027 |
) |
Income before provision for income taxes | |
102,925 |
|
107,739 |
|
122,141 |
|
118,951 |
|
52,676 |
|
Provision for income taxes | |
38,082 |
|
39,863 |
|
44,467 |
|
44,918 |
|
19,859 |
|
Net income | |
$ 64,843 |
|
$ 67,876 |
|
$ 77,674 |
|
$ 74,033 |
|
$ 32,817 |
|
Net income per share: | |
Basic | |
$ 0.79 |
|
$ 0.86 |
|
$ 1.10 |
|
$ 1.06 |
|
$ 0.47 |
|
Diluted | |
$ 0.78 |
|
$ 0.85 |
|
$ 1.07 |
|
$ 1.04 |
|
$ 0.47 |
|
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (000s): | |
Basic | |
81,731 |
|
78,637 |
|
70,734 |
|
70,047 |
|
69,418 |
|
Diluted | |
83,128 |
|
79,541 |
|
72,627 |
|
71,356 |
|
70,506 |
|
|
|
|
Balance Sheet Data (at end of period): | |
Cash and cash equivalents and current investments | |
$ 120,341 |
|
$ 122,568 |
|
$ 120,095 |
|
$ 155,409 |
|
$ 121,353 |
|
Working capital | |
181,942 |
|
149,324 |
|
117,401 |
|
149,098 |
|
109,418 |
|
Total assets | |
577,794 |
|
591,059 |
|
609,737 |
|
678,866 |
|
664,849 |
|
Current portion of long-term debt | |
|
|
17,915 |
|
18,540 |
|
26,757 |
|
26,652 |
|
Long-term debt | |
81,732 |
|
147,488 |
|
132,701 |
|
123,483 |
|
136,173 |
|
Stockholders' equity | |
386,486 |
|
290,248 |
|
296,233 |
|
354,628 |
|
318,980 |
|
Cash dividends declared | |
0.24 |
|
0.28 |
|
0.32 |
|
0.36 |
|
0.40 |
|
|
|
|
Supplemental Operating Data (at end of period): | |
Approximate number of active distributors(2) | |
566,000 |
|
725,000 |
|
820,000 |
|
803,000 |
|
761,000 |
|
Number of executive distributors(2) | |
27,915 |
|
29,131 |
|
32,016 |
|
30,471 |
|
29,756 |
|
(1) |
|
Beginning
in 2006 the Company adopted FAS 123R which resulted in stock-based
compensation expense of $9.3 million. |
(2) |
|
Active
distributors include preferred customers and distributors purchasing
products directly from us during the three months ended as of the date
indicated. An executive distributor is an active distributor who has
achieved required personal and group sales volumes. Following the opening
of our retail business in China during 2003, active distributors includes
117,000, 147,000, 116,000 and 79,000 preferred customers in China and
executive distributors includes 3,100, 5,437, 3,787 and 2,936 employed,
full-time sales representatives for the years ended December 31, 2003,
2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. |
-41-
ITEM 7. |
|
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION |
The
following discussion of our financial condition and results of operation should be read in
conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto, which
are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
We
are a leading, global direct selling company with 2006 revenue of $1.12 billion and a
global network of over 761,000 active independent product distributors and preferred
customers who purchase our products for resale and for personal use. Approximately 30,000
of these distributors are executive level distributors, who play an important leadership
role in our distribution network and are critical to the growth of our business. We
develop and market premium-quality personal care products under the Nu Skin brand,
science-based nutritional supplements under the Pharmanex brand, and technology-related
products and services under the Big Planet brand. We currently operate in 45 markets
throughout Asia, the Americas and Europe.
Our
revenue depends on the number and productivity of our active independent distributors and
executive distributor leaders. We have been successful in attracting and motivating
distributors by:
|
|
|
developing
and marketing innovative, technologically advanced products; |
|
|
|
providing
compelling initiatives, advanced technological tools and strong distributor support; and |
|
|
|
offering
attractive incentives that motivate distributors to build sales organizations. |
Our
distributors market and sell our products based on the distinguishing benefits and
innovative characteristics of our products. As a result, it is vital to our business that
we continuously leverage our research and development resources to develop and introduce
innovative products and provide our distributors with an attractive portfolio of products.
We also offer unique initiatives and business tools, such as our technologically-advanced
Pharmanex® BioPhotonic Scanner (the Scanner), to help distributors
effectively differentiate our earnings opportunity and product offering. If we experience
delays or difficulties in introducing compelling products or attractive initiatives or
tools into a market, this can have a negative impact on revenue. In addition, as a result
of the global nature of our distributor incentives, the introduction of a new product or
key initiative such as the Scanner can negatively impact other markets or product lines to
the extent our distributor leaders focus their efforts on the new product or initiative.
We
have developed a global distributor compensation plan and other incentives designed to
motivate our distributors to market and sell our products and to build sales organizations
around the world and across product lines. Our extensive global distributor network helps
us to rapidly introduce products and penetrate our markets with little up-front
promotional expense. One of the key distributor incentives that we have developed and
continue to promote in many of our markets is our product subscription and loyalty program
that provides incentives for customers to commit to purchase a specific amount of products
on a monthly basis. We believe these subscription programs have improved customer
retention, have had a stabilizing impact on revenue and have helped generate recurring
sales for our distributors. Subscription orders represented 48% of our revenue in 2006.
-42-
In
2006 we generated approximately 80% of our revenue from our Asian markets, with sales in
Japan representing approximately 43% of revenue. Because of the size of our foreign
operations, operating results can be impacted negatively or positively by factors such as
foreign currency fluctuations, in particular fluctuations between the Japanese yen and the
U.S. dollar, and economic, political and business conditions around the world. In
addition, our business is subject to various laws and regulations, in particular,
regulations related to network marketing activities and nutritional supplements that
create certain risks for our business, including improper claims or activities by our
distributors and the potential inability to obtain necessary product registrations. For
more information about these risks and challenges we face, please refer to Note
Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.
Income Statement
Presentation
We
recognize revenue in five geographic regions and we translate revenue from each
markets local currency into U.S. dollars using quarterly weighted-average exchange
rates. The following table sets forth revenue information by region for the periods
indicated. This table should be reviewed in connection with the tables presented under
Results of Operations, which disclose selling expenses and other costs
associated with generating the aggregate revenue presented.
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
Revenue by Region | |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
(U.S. dollars in millions) | |
North Asia |
|
$ 640.1 |
|
56% |
|
$ 649.4 |
|
55% |
|
$ 593.8 |
|
53% |
|
Greater China | |
229.8 |
|
20 |
|
236.7 |
|
20 |
|
208.2 |
|
19 |
|
Americas | |
149.6 |
|
13 |
|
162.1 |
|
14 |
|
165.9 |
|
15 |
|
South Asia/Pacific | |
81.8 |
|
7 |
|
86.7 |
|
7 |
|
88.0 |
|
8 |
|
Europe | |
36.6 |
|
4 |
|
46.0 |
|
4 |
|
59.5 |
|
5 |
|
| |
$ 1,137.9 |
|
100% |
|
$ 1,180.9 |
|
100% |
|
$ 1,115.4 |
|
100% |
|
Cost
of sales primarily consists of:
|
|
|
cost
of products purchased from third-party vendors, generally in U.S. dollars; |
|
|
|
costs
of self-manufactured products; |
|
|
|
cost
of sales materials which we sell to distributors at or near cost; |
|
|
|
amortization
expenses associated with certain products and services such as the Scanners that are
leased to distributors; |
|
|
|
freight
cost of shipping products to distributors and import duties for the products; and |
|
|
|
royalties
and related expenses for licensed technologies. |
We
source the majority of our products from third-party manufacturers located in the United
States. Due to Chinese government restrictions on the importation of finished goods
applicable to the current scope of our business in China, we are required to manufacture
the bulk of our own products for distribution in China. Cost of sales and gross profit may
fluctuate as a result of changes in the ratio between self-manufactured products and
products sourced from third-party suppliers. In addition, because we purchase a
significant majority of our goods in U.S. dollars and recognize revenue in local
currencies, we are subject to exchange rate risks in our gross margins.
-43-
Selling
expenses are our most significant expense and are classified as operating expenses.
Selling expenses include distributor commissions as well as wages, benefits, bonuses and
other labor and unemployment expenses we pay to former employed sales representatives in
China. Our global compensation plan, which we employ in all of our markets except China,
is an important factor in our ability to attract and retain distributors. We pay monthly
commissions to several levels of distributors on each product sale based upon a
distributors personal and group product volumes, as well as the group product
volumes of up to six levels of executive distributors in such distributors downline
sales organization. We do not pay commissions on sales materials, which are sold to
distributors at or near cost. Small fluctuations occur in the amount of commissions paid
as the network of distributors actively purchasing products changes from month to month.
However, due to the size of our distributor force of over 761,000 active distributors, the
fluctuation in the overall payout is relatively small. The overall payout has typically
averaged from 41% to 43% of global product sales. From time to time, we make modifications
and enhancements to our global compensation plan in an effort o help motivate distributors
and develop leadership characteristics, which can have an impact on selling expenses.
Distributors
also have the opportunity to make retail profits by purchasing products from us at
wholesale and selling them to customers with a retail mark-up. We do not account for nor
pay additional commissions on these retail mark-ups received by distributors. In many
markets, we also allow individuals who are not distributors, whom we refer to as
preferred customers, to buy products directly from us at wholesale prices. We
pay commissions on preferred customer purchases to the referring distributors.
General
and administrative expenses include:
|
|
|
depreciation
and amortization; |
|
|
|
promotion
and advertising; |
|
|
|
research
and development; and |
|
|
|
other
operating expenses. |
Labor
expenses are the most significant portion of our general and administrative expenses.
Promotion and advertising expenses include costs of distributor conventions held in
various markets worldwide, which we expense in the period in which they are incurred.
Because our various distributor conventions are not always held during each fiscal year,
their impact on our general and administrative expenses may vary from year to year. For
example, we have typically held our global distributor convention and our Japan
distributor convention, our two most expensive conventions, every 18 months. Therefore, we
have not incurred expenses for these conventions during every fiscal year or in comparable
interim periods and year-over-year comparisons have been impacted accordingly. We held a
global distributor convention in October 2005 but did not hold one in 2006. We held Japan
distributor conventions in November 2004 and March of 2006. In the future, we plan to
begin holding global conventions every 24 months instead of every 18 months.
-44-
Provision
for income taxes depends on the statutory tax rates in each of the jurisdictions in which
we operate. For example, statutory tax rates in 2006 were approximately 17.5% in Hong
Kong, 25% in Taiwan, 27.5% in South Korea, 46% in Japan and 30% in China. For the years 2006
through 2008 we are subject to a reduced tax rate of 50% of the statutory rate in China,
after which time we will be subject to the full statutory rate. We are subject to taxation
in the United States at the statutory corporate federal tax rate of 35% and we pay taxes
in multiple states within the United States at various tax rates. Our overall effective
tax rate was 37.7% for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Critical Accounting
Policies
The
following critical accounting policies and estimates should be read in conjunction with
our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto. Management
considers the most critical accounting policies to be the recognition of revenue,
accounting for income taxes, stock-based compensation expense and accounting for
intangible assets. In each of these areas, management makes estimates based on historical
results, current trends and future projections.
Revenue.
We recognize revenue when products are shipped, which is when title and risk
of loss pass to our independent distributors. With some exceptions in various
countries, we offer a return policy whereby distributors can return unopened and
unused product for up to 12 months subject to a 10% restocking fee. Reported
revenue is net of returns, which have historically been less than 5% of gross
sales. A reserve for product returns is accrued based on historical experience.
We classify selling discounts and rebates, if any, as a reduction of revenue. Our global compensation
plan for our distributors is focused on remunerating distributors based upon the
selling efforts of the distributors and their downlines, and not their personal
purchases.
Income
Taxes. We account for income taxes in accordance with Statements of
Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 109, Accounting for Income
Taxes. This statement establishes financial accounting and reporting standards for
the effects of income taxes that result from an enterprises activities during the
current and preceding years. It requires an asset and liability approach for financial
accounting and reporting of income taxes. We pay income taxes in many foreign
jurisdictions based on the profits realized in those jurisdictions, which can be
significantly impacted by terms of intercompany transactions among our affiliates around
the world. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are created in this process. As of December
31, 2006, we had net deferred tax assets of $51.6 million. These net deferred tax assets
assume sufficient future earnings will exist for their realization, as well as the
continued application of current tax rates. We have considered projected future taxable
income and ongoing tax planning strategies in determining the extent of valuation
allowances required. In the event we were to determine that we would not be able to
realize all or part of our net deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the
deferred tax assets would be charged to earnings in the period such determination was
made.
Our
foreign taxes paid are high relative to foreign operating income and our U.S. taxes paid
are low relative to U.S. operating income due largely to the flow of funds among our
subsidiaries around the world. As payments for services, management fees, license
arrangements and royalties are made from our foreign affiliates to our U.S. corporate
headquarters, these payments often incur withholding and other forms of tax that are
generally creditable for U.S. tax purposes. Therefore, these payments lead to increased
foreign effective tax rates and lower U.S. effective tax rates. Variations (or shifts)
occur in our foreign and U.S. effective tax rates from year to year depending on several
factors, including the impact of global transfer prices and the timing and level of
remittances from foreign affiliates.
-45-
We
are subject to regular audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. These audits
may result in additional tax liabilities. We account for such contingent liabilities in
accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies and believe we have
appropriately provided for income taxes for all years. Several factors drive the
calculation of our tax reserves. Some of these factors include: (i) the expiration of
various statutes of limitations; (ii) changes in tax law and regulations; (iii) issuance
of tax rulings; and (iv) settlements with tax authorities. Changes in any of these factors
may result in adjustments to our reserves, which would impact our reported financial
results.
In
June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB
Interpretation Number 48 Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes an
interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48), which clarifies the
accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. FIN 48 requires that the Company
recognize the impact of a tax position in the Companys financial statements if that
position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical
merits of the position. The provisions of FIN 48 are effective as of the beginning of
the Companys 2007 fiscal year, with the cumulative effect of the change in
accounting principle recorded as an adjustment to opening retained earnings. The Company
is currently evaluating the impact of FIN 48 on its consolidated financial statements, but
is not yet in a position to make this determination.
Stock-Based
Compensation Expense. Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the fair value
recognition provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS)
No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123R) using the
modified prospective transition method and therefore have not restated results for prior
periods. Our results of operations during 2006 were impacted by the recognition of
non-cash expense related to the fair value of our stock-based compensation awards. During
the year ended December 31, 2006, we recorded $9.3 million in pre-tax stock-based
compensation expense. Total stock-based compensation expense, net of tax, for the year
ended December 31, 2006 was $5.8 million.
Intangible
Assets. Under the provisions of SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other
Intangible Assets (SFAS 142), our goodwill and intangible assets with
indefinite useful lives are not amortized. Our intangible assets with finite lives
are recorded at cost and are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives and
are reviewed for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets (see Note 5 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements). We
are required to make judgments regarding the useful life of our intangible assets. With the implementation of SFAS 142, we determined certain intangible
assets to have indefinite lives based upon our analysis of the requirements of SFAS No.
141, Business Combinations (SFAS 141) and SFAS 142. Under the
provisions of SFAS 142, we are required to test these assets for impairment at least
annually. The annual impairment tests were completed and did not result in an
impairment charge. To the extent an impairment is identified in the future, we will record
the amount of the impairment as an operating expense in the period in which it is
identified.
-46-
Results of Operation
The
following table sets forth our operating results as a percentage of revenue for the
periods indicated:
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
Revenue |
|
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% |
Cost of sales | |
16.8 |
|
17.5 |
|
17.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit | |
83.2 |
|
82.5 |
|
82.5 |
|
| |
Operating expenses: | |
Selling expenses | |
42.9 |
|
42.1 |
|
43.1 |
|
General and administrative expenses | |
29.3 |
|
30.0 |
|
31.7 |
|
Impairment of assets and other | |
|
|
|
|
0.9 |
|
Restructuring and other charges |
|
|
|
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses | |
72.2 |
|
72.1 |
|
77.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income | |
11.0 |
|
10.4 |
|
4.9 |
|
Other income (expense), net | |
(.3 |
) |
(.3 |
) |
(.2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Income before provision for income taxes | |
10.7 |
|
10.1 |
|
4.7 |
|
Provision for income taxes | |
3.9 |
|
3.8 |
|
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
Net income | |
6.8 |
% |
6.3 |
% |
2.9 |
% |
2006 Compared to 2005
Overview
Revenue
in 2006 decreased 5% to $1.12 billion from $1.18 billion in 2005. The revenue decrease was
primarily attributable to local currency declines in Japan and China. In addition, foreign
currency exchange fluctuations negatively impacted reported revenue by 1% in 2006 compared
to 2005, particularly as a result of a weakening of the Japanese yen. Revenue in 2006 was
positively impacted by growth in South Korea, Europe, the United States, Indonesia, and a
number of our other markets around the world. Various global initiatives we implemented
during the past year contributed to the growth in these markets and have also had a
positive impact on Japan and China. In 2006 we launched several products and tools that
have been particularly successful, including our second-generation Pharmanex®
BioPhotonic Scanner (the S2 Scanner), our g3 nutrition drink, and
our Nu Skin® ProDerm Skin Analyzer (the ProDerm Skin Analyzer).
g3 is now one of our top selling products globally, generating more than $60.0
million in revenue in 2006.
Earnings
per share in 2006 were $0.47 compared to $1.04 in 2005 on a diluted basis. In addition to
the factors described above, the decrease was impacted by several factors, including:
|
|
|
restructuring
and impairment charges in the first quarter of 2006 totaling $20.0 million (net of taxes
of $12.0 million), or $0.28 per share, relating to a business transformation initiative
that we implemented during the first quarter; |
-47-
|
|
|
$5.8
million (net of taxes of $3.5 million) in stock-based compensation expense as a result of
the implementation of a new accounting standard requiring the expensing of stock-based
compensation beginning in the first quarter of 2006; |
|
|
|
our
relatively high fixed costs in China combined with revenue declines in that market, as
well as costs associated with the opening of Russia; and |
|
|
|
increased
distributor commission rates in Japan, as more fully described in the section below
entitled, "Selling Expenses." |
Revenue
North Asia. The following table
sets forth revenue for the North Asia region and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in
millions):
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japan |
|
$ 562.0 |
|
$ 476.5 |
|
(15%) |
|
South Korea | |
87.4 |
|
117.3 |
|
34% |
|
North Asia total | |
$ 649.4 |
|
$ 593.8 |
|
(9%) |
|
Foreign
currency fluctuations, particularly a weakening of the Japanese yen throughout the year,
negatively impacted North Asia region revenue by 5% in 2006 compared to 2005. Revenue in
this region was also negatively impacted by an 11% local currency decline in Japan in 2006
compared to 2005. Our active and executive distributor counts decreased 6% and 10%,
respectively, in Japan in 2006 compared to 2005. Our Japan revenue in 2006 was negatively
impacted by a slowdown in our business that started in the latter part of 2005, resulting
from several factors that impacted our sponsoring story for new distributors, including:
|
|
|
modifications
we made to our compensation plan in 2005 that we believe negatively impacted revenue and
distributor counts; |
|
|
|
a
scale-back of the roll-out of our first-generation BioPhotonic Scanner during the latter
part of 2005 in advance of the April 2006 launch of the S2 Scanner; |
|
|
|
regulatory
challenges related to our nutritional supplements and the Scanner which impact the way in
which we can market certain products; and |
|
|
|
declines
in our personal care revenue as a result of increased attention to our nutritional
business and the Scanner. |
During
2006, we have taken several steps to address these issues. Effective April 1, 2006, we
implemented some enhancements to distributor incentives in Japan in order to address the
negative impacts resulting from the 2005 modifications. Since April of 2006 we have been
rolling out the S2 Scanner in Japan, and we now have approximately 1,500 units in the
field. In June of 2006 we launched our g3 nutrition drink in Japan, and it is now
our second best-selling product there. In connection with these initiatives, we
implemented a corporate image and brand building campaign that includes facility upgrades
and media campaigns. We believe that these initiatives are beginning to have a positive
impact on our business in Japan, and as a result, we began to see improvements in our
year-over-year revenue comparisons in the third and fourth quarters of 2006.
-48-
While
we have successfully dealt with regulatory restrictions in the past with respect to our
nutritional sales in Japan, the regulatory environment appears to have resulted in a
slower than expected response to our Scanner roll-out in Japan that began in 2005. Our
nutritional supplements are sold as foods in Japan, which limits the claims we can make
with respect to such products, including an inability to claim that our products increase
antioxidant levels. In addition, although we are able to link the Scanner measurement to a
more general nutritional assessment (which we are not able to do in most of our other
markets), we are not able to link it to a specific measure of carotenoid antioxidant
levels. We are also limited in our ability to tie the Scanner measurement directly to the
consumption of our nutrition products.
Our
personal care business has slowed in Japan over the last couple of years as much of the
attention in this market has focused on our nutritional business. As a result, we are
focusing more resources on product development in personal care in order to revitalize
this part of our business there. As part of this effort, during the first part of 2007 we
plan to launch a new, advanced anti-aging skin care product called Beauty Essence
Duo that we believe will help promote our personal care business.
South
Korea has generated significant growth over the past three years in both our personal care
and nutrition businesses, and is now our third largest market. Local currency revenue in
South Korea grew 25% in 2006 compared to 2005, and active and executive distributor counts
grew significantly as well. We believe that these results were due to strong product and
other initiatives, alignment of our distributor leaders behind these initiatives, and a
strong sponsoring environment. Successful launches in 2006 include g3, a
reformulated Nu Skin 180° Anti-Aging Skin Therapy system, and Galvanic Spa
II.
Greater
China. The following table sets forth revenue for the Greater China region and its
principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
China |
|
$ 102.2 | |
$ 70.5 |
|
(31%) |
|
Taiwan |
|
92.4 |
|
93.1 |
|
1% |
|
Hong Kong | |
42.1 |
|
44.6 |
|
6% |
|
Greater China total | |
$ 236.7 |
|
$ 208.2 |
|
(9%) |
|
Foreign
currency exchange rate fluctuations did not significantly impact revenue in the Greater
China region in 2006. China revenue decreased by 31% in 2006 compared to 2005, and our
executive and active distributor counts decreased 23% and 31%, respectively. Beginning in
the latter part of 2005, we have experienced a slowdown in our business and a weakened
sponsoring environment in China. We believe this to be a result of several factors,
including delays in the direct selling licensing process following the enactment of new
direct selling regulations, related consumer uncertainty and government and media scrutiny
of the direct selling industry, which caused us to take a very conservative business
approach as we worked towards obtaining a direct selling license. These factors, as well
as changes to our compensation plan late in 2005, contributed to the slowdown and to a
loss of some high level sales representatives this past year.
In
July of 2006, we received national governmental approval to commence direct selling
activities in eight districts within Shanghai. We then obtained necessary local approvals
and commenced direct selling activities in Shanghai in January 2007. Although we are in
the very early stages of implementing direct selling in China, we are encouraged by
sequential month-over-month growth that we have experienced in China since our receipt of
our initial approval last July. Our direct selling license in Shanghai allows us to engage
an entry-level, non-employee sales force that can sell products away from fixed retail
locations. We are also able to hold larger training meetings than were previously allowed,
which we believe is helpful in sponsoring and business building. The new direct selling
regulations prohibit the use of multi-level compensation plans for direct selling, so we
compensate these independent contractors based on their personal selling efforts only. We
are structuring our direct sales model in a manner that we believe is complementary to our
existing retail store/sales representative model, and will benefit our overall business in
China. Our independent direct sellers, for example, will have the opportunity to become
employed sales representatives upon developing sales skills and a good customer base, and
be compensated for personal sales productivity as well as the productivity of the other
representatives that they train and supervise.
-49-
During
the next few quarters we will be focusing our efforts on expanding our direct selling
model into other provinces and municipalities throughout China. Because direct selling was
only recently authorized in China, the regulatory environment with respect to direct
selling in this market remains fluid and the process for obtaining the necessary
governmental approvals to conduct direct selling continues to evolve. The regulations and
processes in some circumstances have been interpreted differently by different
governmental authorities. In order to expand our direct selling model into additional
provinces, we currently must obtain a series of approvals from district, city, provincial
and national government agencies for each province. The licensing process includes a
requirement that we establish service centers that will primarily be used to
provide a product return location and will not require a large capital investment. We
expect that our retail stores and offices will qualify as service centers, but we plan to
add additional small service centers as necessary as we expand. In addition, products we
market with a general food classification, including our LifePak
supplements and certain other Pharmanex products, are not approved for direct selling, and
will therefore continue to be sold only through our retail store channel until such time
as we obtain a health food classification for these products.
As
we are being required to work with such a large number of provincial, city, district and
national governmental authorities, we have found that it is taking more time than
anticipated to work through the direct selling approval process with these authorities.
These authorities have broad discretion in interpreting the regulations and granting
necessary approvals. A delay in obtaining approvals at one level can delay our ability to
obtain approvals at the next level. In addition, we have received some indications from
the national government authorities that they intend to review and monitor the operations
of an approved direct selling company during an evaluation period before granting
approvals to such company to expand into additional provinces as regulators continue to
closely monitor the development of direct selling in China. The complexity of the approval
process as well as the governments continued cautious approach as direct selling
develops in China makes it difficult to predict the timeline for obtaining these
approvals.
Although
it will likely take some time to integrate direct selling into our business model, expand
throughout the country, and train our sales force to work successfully within the new
direct selling guidelines, we believe that this will continue to positively impact our
business in China as this process unfolds. For further discussion of the risks to our
business and uncertainties associated with the implementation of direct selling in China,
please refer to the section below entitled, Note Regarding Forward-Looking
Statements.
Local
currency revenue for 2006 in Taiwan was up 4% and Hong Kong local currency revenue was up
3% when compared with 2005. During 2006 these markets benefited from the S2 Scanner
initiative, the launch of g3, and distributor excitement surrounding business
opportunities in China as we work towards rolling out direct selling there. In June of
2006 we completed the build-out of a gym spa in Taiwan consisting of a product
showcase combined with a fitness center and spa. This facility is generating additional
brand awareness in this market.
-50-
Americas.
The following table sets forth revenue for the Americas region and its principal
markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States |
|
$ 144.5 |
|
$ 147.1 |
|
2% |
|
Canada | |
9.6 |
|
10.0 |
|
(4%) |
|
Latin America | |
8.0 |
|
8.8 |
|
9% |
|
Americas total | |
$ 162.1 |
|
$ 165.9 |
|
2% |
|
We
believe that growth in the United States was a result of several key initiatives
implemented during 2006. Since the second quarter of 2006 we have been rolling out S2
Scanners and ProDerm Skin Analyzer units into the market. We also continued to benefit
from the 2005 launch of Photomax, our digital imaging service. Each of these
initiatives are proving to be successful sponsoring and sales tools, and growing revenue
in each of our product categories. The ProDerm Skin Analyzer, for example, has quickly
become a powerful tool for our distributors, contributing to a 28% year-over-year growth
in sales in our personal care product category in the fourth quarter of 2006. This tool
enables distributors to demonstrate the effectiveness of our skin care products by
providing close up skin images. We launched the initial version of this tool only in the
United States and Europe. As we continue to evaluate the success of this tool in these
markets, we are formulating plans to launch an enhanced version globally. Currently, we
plan to introduce an improved second-generation model at our upcoming September 2007
global distributor convention. This new version will have improved optics, a larger camera
area, sharper focus and improved hardware. In addition, we are in the process of
developing a new weight management system that we currently plan to introduce into the
U.S. market later this year, with a global roll out beginning in 2008.
In
October of 2006, we held a North American distributor convention in Salt Lake City
attended by over 3,500 distributors and guests. Our distributor force is enthusiastic
about our current and planned initiatives in this region, as demonstrated by growth in
active and executive distributor counts of 2% and 9%, respectively, in 2006 compared to
2005.
South
Asia/Pacific. The following table sets forth revenue for the South Asia/Pacific region
and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Singapore/Malaysia/Brunei |
|
$ 41.4 |
|
$ 33.2 |
|
(20%) |
|
Thailand | |
23.7 |
|
26.5 |
|
12% |
|
Australia/New Zealand | |
13.3 |
|
14.2 |
|
7% |
|
Indonesia | |
4.2 |
|
10.3 |
|
145% |
|
Philippines | |
4.1 |
|
3.8 |
|
(7%) |
|
South Asia/Pacific total | |
$ 86.7 |
|
$ 88.0 | |
2% |
|
Foreign
currency exchange rate fluctuations positively impacted revenue in South Asia/Pacific by
4% in 2006 compared to 2005. Revenue growth in this region was attributed to incremental
revenue from our Indonesia market that was opened in August of 2005, and from strong
growth in Thailand and Australia/New Zealand. During the first part of 2006, our
Singapore/Malaysia/Brunei markets suffered declines as our distributor force adjusted to
compensation plan modifications implemented in latter 2005. However, as a result of our
2006 initiatives, particularly the third quarter launch of g3, these markets have
begun to experience improving year-over-year revenue trends during the last few quarters.
Active distributor counts decreased in the South Asia/Pacific region by 10%, while
executive counts increased 6% in 2006 compared to 2005.
-51-
Europe.
The following table sets forth revenue for our Europe region (U.S. dollars in
millions):
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
$ 46.0 |
|
$ 59.5 |
|
29% |
|
Revenue
growth in Europe was primarily a result of growth in Germany and France and the expansion
into Israel and Russia. As a result of steady growth in Europe over the past three years,
this region is becoming a significant market for our business. We believe that our success
in Europe is attributable to strong alignment of distributor leaders behind certain
initiatives, including the S2 Scanner and the Galvanic Spa II. During 2006 we also
introduced a limited number of ProDerm Skin Analyzer units into the region, and this tool
has been received with a positive response by our European distributors. Our active and
executive distributor counts increased by 26% and 17%, respectively, in 2006 compared to
2005.
Gross
profit
Gross profit
as a percentage of revenue in 2006 remained level with 2005 at 82.5%. The negative impact
from a strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Japanese yen during 2006 was offset by
a positive impact from a decrease in Scanner amortization following our transition to less
expensive S2 Scanners and the write-down of first generation Scanner units in the first
quarter of 2006. Going forward, we anticipate that gross margins may decrease slightly as
a result of a continued weakening of the Japanese yen as well as increased air freight
costs and g3 supply costs.
Selling
expenses
Selling expenses
decreased to $480.1 million in 2006 from $497.4 million in 2005, but increased as a
percentage of revenue to 43.1% in 2006 from 42.1% in 2005. The increase as a percentage of
revenue was due primarily to an increase in the average commission rate in Japan in 2006,
resulting from enhancements to our compensation plan which took effect April 1, 2006 and
were designed to bring the average commission rate in that market back to its previous
levels before the implementation of a change in 2005.
General
and administrative expenses
General and
administrative expenses decreased to $353.4 million in 2006 from $354.2 million in 2005,
but increased as a percentage of revenue to 31.7% in 2006 from 30.0% in 2005. The overall
decline in general and administrative expenses in 2006 was a result of our transformation
initiative implemented this past year aimed at streamlining our business reducing
overhead. These savings were offset by other increased costs, including $9.3 million of
stock-based compensation expenses as a result of the adoption of SFAS 123R in 2006, and
expenses associated with the commencement and expansion of operations in new markets,
including Russia and Indonesia. These factors, together with higher fixed expenses in
China related to our retail operations, coupled with lower revenue in China, resulted in
the increase in general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue in 2006
compared to 2005.
In
connection with our adoption of SFAS 123R in 2006, we began granting fewer incentive stock
option awards and began granting more restricted stock unit awards. The use of restricted
stock unit awards will result in lower dilution and lower expense than would be the case
if we continued to grant only stock options in accordance with historical practice.
-52-
Impairment
of assets and other
During
the first quarter of 2006, we recorded impairment charges of $20.8 million, primarily
relating to our first generation Scanners. In February 2006, as a result of our launch of
and transition to the S2 Scanner, we determined it was necessary to write down the book
value of the existing inventory of the prior model of the Scanner. The impairment charges
relating to the Scanner recorded during the first quarter of 2006 totaled $19.0 million.
In
addition, during the first quarter of 2006 we completed a settlement agreement with a Big
Planet vendor to terminate our purchase commitments for video technology for approximately
$1.8 million as we moved away from this technology in our Big Planet business.
Restructuring
and other charges
During
the first quarter of 2006, we recorded restructuring and other charges of $11.1 million,
primarily relating to our business transformation initiative designed to (i) eliminate
organizational redundancies, (ii) revamp administrative support functions, (iii)
prioritize investments to favor profitable initiatives and markets, and (iv) increase
efficiencies in the supply chain process. As a result, our overall headcount was reduced
by approximately 225 employees, the majority of which related to the elimination of
positions at our U.S. headquarters. These expenses consisted primarily of severance and
other compensation charges.
Although
our business transformation initiative will be an ongoing process, nearly all of the
restructuring expenses related to the transformation were incurred during the first
quarter of 2006. These initiatives generated savings of approximately $15 million in 2006
and we anticipate continued savings going forward. We are investing a portion of these
savings towards various growth initiatives, particularly in Japan.
Other
income (expense), net
Other income
(expense), net was $2.0 million of expense in 2006 compared to $4.2
million of expense in 2005. Fluctuations in other income (expense), net are impacted by
interest income and expense and foreign exchange fluctuations to the U.S. dollar on the
translation of yen-based bank debt and other foreign denominated intercompany balances
into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes.
Provision
for income taxes
Provision for
income taxes decreased to $19.9 million in 2006 from $44.9 million in 2005. The effective
tax rate decreased slightly to 37.7% from 37.8% of pre-tax income in 2006 and 2005,
respectively.
Net
income
As
a result of the foregoing factors, net income decreased to $32.8 million in 2006 from
$74.0 million in 2005.
-53-
2005 Compared to 2004
Overview
Revenue
in 2005 increased 4% to $1.18 billion from $1.14 billion in 2004. The revenue increase in
2005 was a result of year-over-year growth in Korea, Taiwan, Europe and the United States,
and expansion into Indonesia. The revenue increase is also attributable in part to a 1%
positive impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. During 2005, we continued
to see the positive impact of our Scanner and monthly product subscription programs.
Subscription orders represented 42% of our revenue in 2005, compared to 29% in the prior
year. Reported revenue in 2005 was negatively impacted by a weakening of the Japanese yen
during the second half of the year which declined from 111.62 yen to the U.S. dollar on
July 1, 2005 to 117.94 yen to the U.S. dollar on December 31, 2005. Revenue growth in 2005
was also negatively impacted by declines in local currency revenue in China and Japan in
the second half of the year. Our active and executive distributor counts were down 2% and
5% in 2005 compared to 2004, respectively, primarily due to declines in China and Japan as
discussed below.
Earnings
per share in 2005 decreased by 3%, or $0.03 per share, compared to 2004, primarily as a
result of a lower gross margin, higher general and administrative expenses and a higher
effective tax rate.
Revenue
North Asia. The following table
sets forth revenue for the North Asia region and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in
millions):
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japan |
|
$ 574.4 |
|
$ 562.0 |
|
(2%) |
|
South Korea | |
65.7 |
|
87.4 |
|
33% |
|
North Asia total | |
$ 640.1 |
|
$ 649.4 |
|
1% |
|
Revenue
in Japan decreased 2% in 2005 compared to 2004 and was negatively impacted 1% by changes
in foreign currency exchange rates following a significant weakening of the Japanese yen
during the second half of the year. In local currency, revenue in Japan decreased 1% as a
result of a local currency decline in the second half of the year. This decline was a
result of the following:
|
|
|
modifications
to distributor incentives that appear to have negatively impacted revenue later in the
second half of the year and resulted in declines in executive distributors; |
|
|
|
a
slower than expected market response to our roll-out of the Scanner program during 2005
due to regulatory constraints; and |
|
|
|
our
scale-back of the Scanner roll-out and related promotional campaigns during the latter
part of 2005 in anticipation of the 2006 launch of the S2 Scanner. |
In
2005 we made some modifications to our compensation plan in Japan similar to changes that
had been successfully implemented previously in other markets, including the United
States. Upon review of our second-half results in Japan, it appears that the changes in
incentives did not have the same positive impact as they did in other markets and
contributed to the decline in revenue. Effective April 1, 2006, we implemented some
enhancements to distributor incentives in Japan in order to address the negative impacts
resulting from previous modifications.
-54-
While
we have successfully dealt with regulatory restrictions in the past with respect to our
nutritional sales in Japan, the regulatory environment appears to have resulted in a
slower than expected response to our 2005 Scanner roll-out in Japan. Our nutritional
supplements are sold as foods in Japan, which limits the claims we can make with respect
to such products, including an inability to claim that our products increase antioxidant
levels. In addition, although we are able to link the Scanner measurement to a more
general nutritional assessment (which we are not able to do in most of our other markets),
we are not able to link it to a specific measure of carotenoid antioxidant levels. We are
also limited in our ability to tie the Scanner measurement directly to the consumption of
our nutrition products.
South
Korea generated its eighth consecutive quarter of year-over-year growth in the fourth
quarter of 2005, with local currency revenue growth of 19% in 2005 compared to 2004 as
well as significant growth in our active and executive distributor counts. We believe that
these results were due to strong product and other initiatives and alignment of our
distributor leaders behind these initiatives.
Greater
China. The following table sets forth revenue for the Greater China region and its
principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
China |
|
$ 105.6 |
|
$ 102.2 |
|
(3%) |
|
Taiwan |
|
82.8 |
|
92.4 |
|
12% |
|
Hong Kong | |
41.4 |
|
42.1 |
|
2% |
|
Greater China total | |
$ 229.8 |
|
$ 236.7 |
|
3% |
|
Revenue
growth in Greater China was primarily a result of year-over-year growth in Taiwan. The
region also benefited from a 2% positive impact of changes in foreign currency exchange
rates.
China
revenue decreased by 3% in 2005 compared to 2004. We experienced sequential growth in our
business in China during the first half of the year following the introduction of
Pharmanex products and the Scanner. Our business declined, however, during the second half
of the year as a result of changes we made to our compensation plan in China in July of
2005 in order to prepare for anticipated direct selling regulations in that market. These
changes negatively impacted our revenue during the second half of the year as our sales
representatives adapted to them. In addition, in September of 2005, the Chinese government
announced the adoption of the new direct selling regulations. Consumer uncertainty
regarding the impact of the new regulations increased following publication of the new
regulations, also negatively impacting our sales during the second half of the year. These
issues contributed to a 30% decline in our sales representative count in 2005 compared to
2004.
Taiwan
and Hong Kong each generated revenue growth in 2005 compared to the prior year. In local
currency, Taiwan grew 8% in 2005 compared to 2004, driven by success with the Scanner
program. We saw a leveling of business in Taiwan during the second half of the year, with
revenue down in the fourth quarter on a year-over-year basis. Fourth quarter revenue in
Hong Kong was also down year-over-year in the fourth quarter, due to Pharmanex sales to
China sales representatives shifting to China with the 2005 launch of Pharmanex products
in that market.
-55-
Americas.
The following table sets forth revenue for the Americas region and its principal
markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States |
|
$ 135.7 |
|
$ 144.5 |
|
6% |
|
Canada | |
10.0 |
|
9.6 |
|
(4%) |
|
Latin America | |
3.9 |
|
8.0 |
|
105% |
|
North America total | |
$ 149.6 |
|
$ 162.1 |
|
8% |
|
Revenue
in the United States grew 6% in 2005 compared to 2004 and was positively impacted by:
|
|
|
our
monthly product subscription program; and |
|
|
|
the
launch of a number of new, innovative Pharmanex, Nu Skin and Big Planet products. |
In
early 2005 we launched Photomax, a Big Planet digital imaging service, and during
the fourth quarter of 2005 we launched a newly reformulated LifePak product.
Following
modifications to our business model in Latin America a couple of years ago, we began
to experience rapid growth in that region through 2005 in terms of revenue and distributor numbers, particularly
in Mexico. Towards the end of 2005, we began to experience a slowing of growth rates in Latin America.
South
Asia/Pacific. The following table sets forth revenue for the South Asia/Pacific region
and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Singapore/Malaysia/Brunei |
|
$ 40.0 |
|
$ 41.4 |
|
3% |
|
Thailand | |
25.6 |
|
23.7 |
|
(7%) |
|
Australia/New Zealand | |
13.1 |
|
13.3 |
|
2% |
|
Indonesia | |
|
|
4.2 |
|
|
|
Philippines | |
3.1 |
|
4.1 |
|
32% |
|
South Asia/Pacific total | |
$ 81.8 |
|
$ 86.7 |
|
6% |
|
Revenue
in South Asia/Pacific increased 6% in 2005 compared to 2004, and was positively impacted
1% by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The increase in local currency revenue
in this region was due primarily to revenue generated in Indonesia following its August
2005 opening. Revenue growth in Singapore/Malaysia/Brunei was somewhat offset by declines
in the second half of the year as some of our distributor leaders in these markets focused
their attention on business opportunities in Indonesia and away from their home markets,
as well as negative impacts from modifications to distributor incentives implemented in
September of 2005. Following four years of solid growth in Thailand, our business softened
in 2005.
Europe.
The following table sets forth revenue for our Europe region (U.S. dollars in
millions):
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
Change | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe |
|
$ 36.6 |
|
$ 46.0 |
|
26% |
|
Revenue
growth in Europe was a result of success with the Scanner, our product subscription
program, and expansion into Eastern Europe. These initiatives positively impacted
distributor leadership, resulting in a 27% growth in our executive distributor count.
-56-
Gross
profit
Gross profit
as a percentage of revenue decreased to 82.5% in 2005, compared to 83.2% in 2004, as a
result of increased amortization costs associated with the continued global expansion of
the Scanner, and the strengthening of the U.S. dollar, particularly against the Japanese
yen, during the second half of the year.
Selling expenses
Selling expenses
as a percentage of revenue decreased to 42.1% in 2005 from 42.9% in 2004.
Selling expenses increased to $497.4 million from $487.6 million in 2004. The decrease in
selling expenses as a percentage of revenue is due primarily to the following:
|
|
|
short-term
sales incentives paid in Japan in 2004 that were not paid in 2005; |
|
|
|
the
continued global expansion of the Scanner program, as no commissions are paid on lease
revenue; and |
|
|
|
slightly
lower incentive expenses in China. |
General
and administrative expenses
General and
administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 30.0% in 2005 from 29.3%
in 2004. General and administrative expenses increased to $354.2 million in 2005 from
$333.3 million in 2004. General and administrative expenses in 2005 were impacted by the
incremental costs associated with our investment in various growth initiatives, including
further development of China, Latin America and Europe, new market openings, and the
global expansion of the Scanner program.
Other
income (expense), net
Other income
(expense), net was $4.2 million of expense in 2005 compared to $3.6
million of expense in 2004. Fluctuations in other income (expense), net are impacted by
interest expense and foreign exchange fluctuations to the U.S. dollar on the translation
of yen-based bank debt and other foreign denominated intercompany balances into U.S.
dollars for financial reporting purposes. The increase in other expense in 2005 was
primarily a result of foreign exchange fluctuations.
Provision
for income taxes
Provision for
income taxes increased to $44.9 million in 2005 from $44.5 million in 2004. The effective
tax rate increased to 37.8% from 36.4% of pre-tax income in 2005 and 2004, respectively.
This increase in the effective tax rate was due to an increase in the amount of
nondeductible executive compensation, reconciliation of U.S. and foreign income tax
payable amounts and other nondeductible expenses related to equity compensation.
Net
income
As
a result of the foregoing factors, net income decreased to $74.0 million in 2005 from
$77.7 million in 2004.
-57-
Liquidity and Capital
Resources
Historically,
our principal uses of cash have included operating expenses, particularly selling
expenses, and working capital (principally inventory purchases), as well as capital
expenditures, stock repurchases, dividends, debt repayment, and the development of
operations in new markets. We have generally relied on cash flow from operations to fund
operating activities, and we have at times incurred long-term debt in order to fund
strategic transactions and stock repurchases.
We
typically generate positive cash flow from operations due to favorable gross margins and
the variable nature of selling expenses, which constitute a significant percentage of
operating expenses. We generated $75.8 million in cash from operations in 2006, compared
to $114.1 million in 2005. This decrease in cash generated from operations is due to lower
revenue and profitability in 2006, resulting in part from approximately $11 million in severance payments and other
restructuring charges.
As
of December 31, 2006, working capital was $109.4 million compared to $149.1 million as of
December 31, 2005. Our working capital decreased primarily due to a decrease in cash and
cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2006 were $121.4 million
compared to $155.4 million at December 31, 2005. The decrease in cash was primarily the
result of an increase in payment of debt and repurchases of stock in 2006 compared to
2005.
Capital
expenditures in 2006 totaled $35.7 million, and we anticipate capital expenditures of
approximately $30 million to $35 million for 2007. These capital expenditures are
primarily related to:
|
|
|
purchases
of computer systems and software, including equipment and development
costs for Photomax; and |
|
|
|
the
build-out of manufacturing and additional retail stores in China, as well as other
leasehold improvements in our various markets. |
We
currently have long-term debt pursuant to various credit facilities and other borrowings.
The following table summarizes these long-term debt arrangements as of December 31, 2006:
Facility or Arrangement(1) | |
Original Principal Amount | |
Balance as of December 31, 2006(2) | |
Interest Rate | |
Repayment terms | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 Japanese yen denominated notes |
|
9.7 billion yen |
|
5.5 billion yen ($46.6 million as of December 31, 2006) |
|
3.0% |
|
Notes due October 2010, with annual principal payments that began in October 2004. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
2003 $205.0 million multi-currency uncommitted shelf facility:(3) | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
U.S. dollar denominated: | |
$50.0 million | |
$40.0 million | |
4.5% | |
Notes due April 2010 with annual principal payments beginning April 2006. | |
-58-
Facility or Arrangement(1) | |
Original Principal Amount | |
Balance as of December 31, 2006(2) | |
Interest Rate | |
Repayment terms | |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
$25.0 million | |
$10.0 million | |
4.0% | |
Notes due April 2008 with annual principal payments that began in October 2004. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
$40.0 million | |
$40.0 million | |
6.2% | |
Notes due July 2016, with annual principal payments beginning July 2010. |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Japanese yen denominated: | |
3.1 billion yen | |
3.1 billion yen ($26.2 million as of December 31, 2006) | |
1.7% | |
Notes due April 2014, with annual principal payments beginning April 2008. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
2004 $25.0 million revolving credit facility | |
N/A | |
$0 | |
N/A | |
Credit facility expires May 2007 | |
(1) |
|
Each of the credit facilities and arrangements listed in the table are
secured by guarantees issued by our material domestic subsidiaries and by
pledges of 65% to 100% of the outstanding stock of our material foreign
subsidiaries. |
(2) |
|
The current portion of our long-term debt (i.e. becoming due in the next 12
months) includes $11.7 million of the balance on our 2000 Japanese yen
denominated notes and $15.0 million of the balance on our U.S. dollar
denominated debt under the 2003 multi-currency uncommitted shelf facility. |
(3) |
|
On January 19, 2007, the Company borrowed an additional $40 million under this
facility and issued a series of U.S. dollar denominated senior promissory notes
bearing a 6.14% interest rate per annum, with interest payable semi-annually
beginning on July 20, 2007. The final maturity date of the Notes is January 20,
2017 and principal prepayments are required annually beginning on January 20,
2011 in equal installments of approximately $5.7 million. |
Our
board of directors has approved a stock repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase
our outstanding shares of Class A common stock on the open market or in private
transactions. The repurchases are used primarily for our equity incentive plans and
strategic initiatives. During the year ended December 31, 2006, we repurchased
approximately 3.8 million shares of Class A common stock under this program for an
aggregate amount of approximately $67.5 million. At December 31, 2006, approximately $60.6
million was available under the stock repurchase program for repurchases. We have
continued to repurchase stock in 2007, and as of February 15, 2007, approximately $43.4
million was available under the stock repurchase program for repurchases.
During
each quarter of 2006, our board of directors declared cash dividends of $0.10 per share on
our Class A common stock. These quarterly cash dividends totaled approximately $27.8
million and were paid during 2006 to stockholders of record in 2006. In February 2007, the
board of directors declared a dividend to be paid in March 2007 of $0.105 per share for
Class A common stock. Currently, we anticipate that our board of directors will continue
to declare quarterly cash dividends and that the cash flows from operations will be
sufficient to fund our future dividend payments. However, the declaration of dividends is
subject to the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon various factors,
including our net earnings, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects and
other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.
-59-
We
believe we have sufficient liquidity to be able to meet our obligations on both a
short-term and long-term basis. We currently believe that existing cash balances together
with future cash flows from operations and existing lines of credit will be adequate to
fund our cash needs. The majority of our historical expenses have been variable in nature
and, as such, a potential reduction in the level of revenue would reduce our cash flow
needs. In the event that our current cash balances, future cash flow from operations and
current lines of credit are not sufficient to meet our obligations or strategic needs, we
would consider raising additional funds in the debt or equity markets or restructuring our
current debt obligations. Additionally, we would consider realigning our strategic plans
including a reduction in capital spending, stock repurchases or dividend payments.
Due to the international nature of
our business, we are subject from time to time to reviews and audits by the foreign taxing authorities of the various jurisdictions in which we
conduct business throughout the world. In 1999, we implemented a duty valuation methodology with respect to the importation of certain
products into Japan. For purposes of the import transactions at issue, we had taken the position that,
under applicable customs law, there was a sale between the manufacturer and our
Japan subsidiary, and that customs duties should be assessed on the manufacturer's invoice. The Valuation Department of the Yokohama customs
authorities reviewed and approved this methodology at that time, and it had been reviewed on several occasions by the audit division of the
Japan customs authorities since then. In connection with subsequent audits in 2004, the Yokohama customs authorities assessed us additional
duties and penalties on these products imported into Japan from October 2002 to October 2004, based on a different valuation methodology than
what was previously approved. With respect to the periods under audit, the customs authorities took the position that the relevant import
transaction involved a sale between our U.S.
affiliate and our Japan subsidiary and that duties should be assessed on the value of that transaction.
We disputed this assessment. We also
disputed the amount of duties we were required to pay on products imported from November of 2004 to June of 2005 for similar reasons. The
total amount assessed or in dispute is approximately $25.0 million, net of any recovery of consumption taxes. Effective July 1, 2005, we
implemented some modifications to our business structure in Japan and in the United States that we believe will eliminate any further customs
valuation disputes with respect to product imports in Japan after that time.
Because we believe the documentation and legal analysis supports our position and the valuation methodology we used with respect to the
products in dispute had been reviewed and approved by the customs authorities in Japan, we believe the assessments are improper and we filed
letters of protest with Yokohama customs with respect to this entire amount. Yokohama customs rejected our letters of protest, and to follow
proper administrative procedures we filed appeals with the Japan Ministry of Finance. On June 26, 2006, we were advised that the Ministry of
Finance had rejected the appeals filed with their office relating to the imports from October 2002 to October 2004. We decided to appeal this
issue through the judicial court system in Japan, and on December 22, 2006 we filed a complaint with the Tokyo District Court Civil Action Section
with respect to this period. In January 2007, we were advised that the Ministry of Finance also rejected our appeal with them for the imports from November 2004 to June
2005. We currently plan
to appeal this decision with the court system in Japan as well. One of the findings cited by the
Ministry of Finance in its decisions was that we had treated the transactions as sales between our U.S.
affiliate and our Japan subsidiary on our corporate income tax return under applicable income tax and
transfer pricing laws. We have paid the $25.0 million in customs duties and assessments, the amount of
which we recorded in "Other Assets" in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. To the extent that we are unsuccessful in recovering the amounts
assessed and paid, we will be required to take a corresponding charge to our earnings.
In
Taiwan, we are currently subject to an audit by tax authorities with respect to the
deductibility of distributor commission expenses in that market. In order to avoid the
running of the statute of limitations with respect to the 1999 and 2000 tax years, the
Taiwan tax authorities have disallowed our commission expense deductions for those years
and assessed us a total of approximately $18.7 million. At this stage of the discussions, we
are not required to pay the amount of tax under dispute. We are contesting this assessment
and are in discussions with the tax authorities in an effort to resolve this matter. Based
on our understanding of this matter, we do not believe that it is probable that we will
incur a loss relating to this matter and accordingly have not provided any related
reserves.
-60-
Contractual Obligations
and Contingencies
The
following table sets forth payments due by period for fixed contractual obligations as of
December 31, 2006 (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
Total | |
2007 | |
2008-2009 | |
2010-2011 | |
Thereafter | |
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Long-term debt obligations(1) |
|
$ 186,676 |
|
$ 32,387 |
|
$ 64,411 |
|
$ 45,506 |
|
$ 44,372 |
|
Capital lease obligations | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating lease obligations(2) | |
39,309 |
|
12,829 |
|
17,488 |
|
8,992 |
|
|
|
Purchase obligations | |
87,522 |
|
49,931 |
|
29,388 |
|
4,836 |
|
3,367 |
|
Other long-term liabilities reflected
on the balance sheet(3) | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total | |
$ 313,507 |
|
$ 95,147 |
|
$ 111,287 |
|
$ 59,334 |
|
$ 47,739 |
|
(1) |
|
In
October 2006, we made a borrowing under our 2003 multi currency uncommitted
shelf facility (shelf facility) in the amount of $40.0
million. The facility was also increased from $125 million to $205 million
at that time (see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). In
January 2007, we made an additional $40.0 million borrowing under our
shelf facility. |
(2) |
|
Operating
leases include corporate office and warehouse space with two entities that
are owned by certain officers and directors of our company who are also
founding shareholders. Total payments under these leases were $3.7 million
for the year ended December 31, 2006 with remaining long-term obligations
under these leases of $17.1 million. |
(3) |
|
Other long-term liabilities reflected on the balance sheet of $42.2 million primarily consisting of
long-term tax related balances, in which the timing of the commitments is uncertain. |
Seasonality and
Cyclicality
In
addition to general economic factors, we are impacted by seasonal factors and trends such
as major cultural events and vacation patterns. For example, most Asian markets celebrate
their respective local New Year in the first quarter, which generally has a negative
impact on that quarter. We believe that direct selling in Japan, the United States and
Europe is also generally negatively impacted during the third quarter, when many
individuals, including our distributors, traditionally take vacations.
We
have experienced rapid revenue growth in certain new markets following commencement of
operations. This initial rapid growth has often been followed by a short period of stable
or declining revenue, then followed by renewed growth fueled by product introductions, an
increase in the number of active distributors and increased distributor productivity. The
contraction following initial rapid growth has been more pronounced in certain new
markets, due to other factors such as business or economic conditions or distributor
distractions outside the market.
-61-
Distributor Information
The
following table provides information concerning the number of active and executive
distributors as of the dates indicated. Active distributors are those distributors and
preferred customers who were resident in the countries in which we operated and purchased
products for resale or personal consumption directly from us during the three months ended
as of the date indicated. Executive distributors are active distributors who have achieved
required monthly personal and group sales volumes as well as full-time sales
representatives in China who have completed a qualification process and receive a salary,
labor benefits and bonuses based on their personal sales efforts.
|
As of December 31, 2004 | |
As of December 31, 2005 | |
As of December 31, 2006 | |
|
Active | |
Executive | |
Active | |
Executive | |
Active | |
Executive | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
North Asia |
|
337,000 |
|
16,637 |
|
340,000 |
|
16,129 |
|
333,000 |
|
15,354 |
|
Greater China | |
229,000 |
|
8,827 |
|
191,000 |
|
7,134 |
|
155,000 |
|
6,492 |
|
Americas | |
145,000 |
|
3,473 |
|
147,000 |
|
3,893 |
|
150,000 |
|
4,141 |
|
South Asia/Pacific | |
74,000 |
|
2,076 |
|
81,000 |
|
2,043 |
|
73,000 |
|
2,169 |
|
Europe | |
35,000 |
|
1,003 |
|
44,000 |
|
1,272 |
|
50,000 |
|
1,600 |
|
Total | |
820,000 |
|
32,016 |
|
803,000 |
|
30,471 |
|
761,000 |
|
29,756 |
|
Quarterly Results
The
following table sets forth selected unaudited quarterly data for the periods shown (U.S.
dollars in millions, except per share amounts):
|
2006 | |
2005 | |
|
1st
Quarter | |
2nd
Quarter | |
3rd
Quarter | |
4th
Quarter | |
1st
Quarter | |
2nd
Quarter | |
3rd
Quarter
| |
4th Quarter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue |
|
$ 289.3 |
|
$ 310.1 |
|
$ 290.8 |
|
$ 290.7 |
|
$ 265.8 |
|
$ 284.1 |
|
$ 276.3 |
|
$ 289.2 |
|
Gross profit | |
239.7 |
|
256.1 |
|
239.3 |
|
239.7 |
|
218.8 |
|
235.7 |
|
228.0 |
|
237.8 |
|
Operating income | |
28.8 |
|
37.0 |
|
30.0 |
|
27.3 |
|
(15.5 |
) |
23.9 |
|
21.0 |
|
25.3 |
|
Net income | |
17.7 |
|
22.8 |
|
17.7 |
|
15.8 |
|
(10.3 |
) |
14.1 |
|
13.2 |
|
15.9 |
|
Net income per share: | |
Basic | |
0.25 |
|
0.33 |
|
0.25 |
|
0.22 |
|
(0.15 |
) |
0.20 |
|
0.19 |
|
0.23 |
|
Diluted | |
0.25 |
|
0.32 |
|
0.25 |
|
0.22 |
|
(0.15 |
) |
0.20 |
|
0.19 |
|
0.23 |
|
Recent Accounting
Pronouncements
In
December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123R, Share-Based Payment, which requires
the expensing of stock-based compensation beginning the first fiscal year that begins
after June 15, 2005. Consequently, we began expensing stock-based compensation during the
first quarter of 2006 and recorded stock-based compensation expense of approximately $9.3
million in 2006. Through 2005, we accounted for stock-based compensation granted to
employees according to the provisions of APB Opinion No. 25.
In
June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation Number 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in
Income Taxes an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48),
which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. FIN 48 requires that
we recognize the impact of a tax position in our financial statements if that position is
more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the
position. The provisions of FIN 48 are effective as of the beginning of our 2007
fiscal year, with the cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle recorded as
an adjustment to opening retained earnings. We are currently evaluating the impact of FIN
48 on our consolidated financial statements, but are not yet in a position to make this
determination.
-62-
Currency Risk and
Exchange Rate Information
A
majority of our revenue and many of our expenses are recognized primarily outside of the
United States, except for inventory purchases, which are primarily transacted in U.S.
dollars from vendors in the United States. The local currency of each of our
subsidiaries primary markets is considered the functional currency. All revenue and
expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates for the periods reported.
Therefore, our reported revenue and earnings will be positively impacted by a weakening of
the U.S. dollar and will be negatively impacted by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar.
Over the past year or so we have seen an overall weakening of the Japanese yen against the U.S.
dollar. Any further weakening of the yen would negatively impact reported revenue and
profits. Given the uncertainty of exchange rate fluctuations, we cannot estimate the
effect of these fluctuations on our future business, product pricing and results of
operations or financial condition.
We
seek to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates through the
use of foreign currency exchange contracts, through intercompany loans of foreign currency
and through our Japanese yen-denominated debt. We do not use derivative financial
instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We regularly monitor our foreign currency
risks and periodically take measures to reduce the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations
on our operating results.
Our
foreign currency derivatives are comprised of over-the-counter forward contracts with
major international financial institutions. As of December 31, 2006, we had contracts with
notional amounts totaling $10.1 million with expiration dates through December 2007. All
of these contracts were denominated in Japanese yen. For the year ended December 31, 2006,
we recorded gains of $1.9 million in operating income, and gains of $0.2 million, net of
tax, in other comprehensive income related to the fair market valuation of our outstanding
forward contracts. Because of our foreign exchange contracts at December 31, 2006, the
impact of a 10% appreciation or 10% depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Japanese
yen would not represent a material potential loss in fair value, earnings or cash flows
against these contracts. This potential loss does not consider the underlying foreign
currency transaction or translation exposures to which we are subject.
Following
are the weighted-average currency exchange rates of U.S. $1 into local currency for each
of our international or foreign markets in which revenue exceeded U.S. $5.0 million for at
least one of the quarters listed:
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
1st
Quarter | |
2nd
Quarter | |
3rd
Quarter | |
4th
Quarter | |
1st
Quarter | |
2nd
Quarter | |
3rd
Quarter
| |
4th Quarter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japan(1) |
|
104.5 |
|
107.5 |
|
111.3 |
|
117.3 |
|
116.9 |
|
114.3 |
|
116.3 |
|
117.7 |
|
Taiwan | |
31.5 |
|
31.4 |
|
32.3 |
|
33.4 |
|
32.3 |
|
32.2 |
|
32.8 |
|
32.8 |
|
Hong Kong | |
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
South Korea | |
1,022.4 |
|
1,008.4 |
|
1,029.4 |
|
1,036.0 |
|
975.7 |
|
949.3 |
|
954.8 |
|
937.0 |
|
Malaysia | |
3.8 |
|
3.8 |
|
3.8 |
|
3.8 |
|
3.7 |
|
3.6 |
|
3.7 |
|
3.6 |
|
Thailand | |
38.6 |
|
40.1 |
|
41.3 |
|
41.0 |
|
39.3 |
|
38.1 |
|
37.7 |
|
36.5 |
|
China | |
8.3 |
|
8.3 |
|
8.1 |
|
8.1 |
|
8.1 |
|
8.0 |
|
8.0 |
|
7.9 |
|
(1) |
|
As
of February 15, 2007, the exchange rate of U.S. $1 into the Japanese yen was
approximately 119.2. |
-63-
Note Regarding
Forward-Looking Statements
With
the exception of historical facts, the statements contained in Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, are
forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities
Litigation Reform Act of 1995 which reflect our current expectations and beliefs regarding
our future results of operations, performance and achievements.
These statements are subject to risks
and uncertainties and are based upon assumptions and beliefs that may not materialize.
These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning:
|
|
|
our
plans to launch or to continue to roll out certain products, tools and other initiatives
in our various markets, and our belief that these initiatives and other recent product
launches and initiatives will positively impact our business going forward; |
|
|
|
our
plans regarding the expansion of direct selling in China, and our belief that this will
positively impact our business there; |
|
|
|
our
expectation that our retail stores will qualify as service centers and our
plans to add service centers throughout China as necessary; |
|
|
|
our
anticipation that gross margins may decrease slightly going forward; |
|
|
|
our
expectation that we will spend approximately $30 million to $35 million for capital
expenditures during 2007; |
|
|
|
our
belief that our recent business transformation initiative will provide continued savings
gong forward, and our plans to invest some of these savings into various growth
initiatives; |
|
|
|
our
anticipation that our board of directors will continue to declare quarterly cash
dividends and that the cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund our future
dividend payments; |
|
|
|
our
belief that we have sufficient liquidity to be able to meet our obligations on both a
short- and long-term basis and that existing cash balances together with future cash
flows from operations and existing lines of credit will be adequate to fund our cash
needs; |
|
|
|
our
belief that recent modifications to our business structure in Japan and in the United
States should eliminate any further customs valuation disputes with respect to product
imports in Japan; and |
|
|
|
our
belief that it is not probable that we will incur a loss relating to the Taiwan audit. |
In
addition, when used in this report, the words or phrases will likely result,
expect, anticipate, will continue, intend,
plan, believe and similar expressions are intended to help
identify forward-looking statements.
We
wish to caution readers that our operating results are subject to various risks and
uncertainties that could cause our actual results and outcomes to differ materially from
those discussed or anticipated. Reference is made to the risks and uncertainties described
below and factors described herein in Item 1A. Risk Factors (which
contain a more detailed discussion of the risks and uncertainties related to our
business). We also wish to advise readers not to place any undue reliance on the
forward-looking statements contained in this report, which reflect our beliefs and
expectations only as of the date of this report. We assume no obligation to update or
revise these forward-looking statements to reflect new events or circumstances or any
changes in our beliefs or expectations. Some of the risks and uncertainties that might
cause actual results to differ from those anticipated include, but are not limited to, the
following:
-64-
(a) |
|
Because
a substantial majority of our sales are generated in Asia, particularly Japan,
significant variations in operating results including revenue, gross margin and
earnings from those expected could be caused by: |
|
|
|
further
weakening of the Japanese yen; |
|
|
|
regulatory
constraints with respect to the claims we can make regarding the efficacy of our
products and tools; |
|
|
|
increasing
competitive pressures; |
|
|
|
renewed
or sustained weakness of Asian economies or consumer confidence; |
|
|
|
political
unrest or uncertainty; or |
|
|
|
natural
disasters or epidemics. |
(b) |
|
Our
operations in China are subject to significant regulatory scrutiny, and we have
experienced challenges in the past, including interruption of sales activities
at certain stores and minor fines being paid in some cases. Because of the
governments significant concerns about direct selling activities,
government regulators in China scrutinize very closely activities of direct
selling companies or activities that resemble direct selling. Even though we
have now obtained approval to conduct direct selling in China, government
regulators continue to scrutinize our activities and the activities of our
distributors and sales employees to monitor our compliance with the new
regulations and other applicable regulations as we integrate direct selling
into our business model. We continue to be subject to current governmental reviews and investigations. Any determination that our operations or activities,
or the activities of our employed sales representatives or distributors, are
not in compliance with applicable regulations, could result in the imposition
of substantial fines, extended interruptions of business, termination of
necessary licenses and permits, including our direct selling approvals, or
restrictions on our ability to open new stores or obtain approvals for service
centers or expand into new locations, all of which could harm our business. |
(c) |
|
Towards
the end of 2005, Chinese regulators adopted anti-pyramiding and new direct
selling regulations that allow direct selling but contain significant
restrictions and limitations, including a restriction on multi-level
compensation. These new regulations are not yet well understood, and there
continues to be some confusion and uncertainty as to the meaning of the new
regulations and the specific types of restrictions and requirements imposed
under them. It is also difficult to predict how regulators will interpret and
enforce these new regulations and the impact of these new regulations on
pending regulatory reviews and investigations. Our business and our growth
prospects may be harmed if Chinese regulators interpret the anti-pyramiding
regulations or direct selling regulations in such a manner that our current
method of conducting business through the use of employed sales representatives
violates these regulations. In particular, our business would be harmed by any
determination that our current method of compensating our sales employees,
including our use of the sales productivity of a sales employee and the group
of sales employees whom he or she trains and supervises as one of the factors
in establishing such sales employees salary and compensation, violates
the restriction on multi-level compensation under the new rules. Our business
could also be harmed if regulators inhibit our ability to concurrently operate
our retail store/employed sales representative business model and our direct
selling business. Although we have obtained approval to conduct direct selling in China,
our current license only allows us to conduct direct selling in eight districts within
Shanghai. If we are unable to establish required service centers or obtain
additional necessary national and local approvals as quickly as we would like,
or if we are not able to offer a direct selling opportunity that is attractive
to distributors as a result of the limitations under the direct selling
regulations, our ability to grow our business there could be negatively
impacted. |
-65-
(d) |
|
Our
ability to retain key and executive level distributors or to sponsor new
executive distributors is critical to our success. Because our products are
distributed exclusively through our distributors and we compete with other
direct selling companies in attracting distributors, our operating results
could be adversely affected if our existing and new business opportunities and
incentives, products, business tools and other initiatives do not generate
sufficient enthusiasm and economic incentive to retain our existing
distributors or to sponsor new distributors on a sustained basis. In addition,
in our more mature markets, one of the challenges we face is keeping
distributor leaders with established businesses and high income levels
motivated and actively engaged in business building activities and in
developing new distributor leaders. There can be no assurance that our
initiatives such as the Scanner and others will continue to generate excitement
among our distributors in the long-term or that planned initiatives will be
successful in maintaining distributor activity and productivity or in
motivating distributor leaders to remain engaged in business building and
developing new distributor leaders. In addition, some initiatives may have
unanticipated negative impacts on our markets. For example, during the past
couple of years certain modifications were made to compensation incentives in China,
Japan, and certain Southeast Asia markets that appear not to have been as well
received by some distributors as expected, contributing to declines in
distributor numbers and revenue results. We have recently implemented
compensation plan enhancements in Japan designed to address the negative
impacts of previous changes. In China, we are making some
additional modifications to our employed sales representative compensation
model to simplify it and to make it complementary to the compensation model
we are implementing for the independent distributor sales force. There can be
no assurance, however, that these measures will be successful in generating
distributor excitement in these markets. |
(e) |
|
Our
use of the Scanner is subject to regulatory risks and uncertainties in our
various markets. For example, in March 2003 the United States Food and Drug
Administration (the FDA) questioned its status as a non-medical
device and we subsequently filed an application with the FDA to have the
Scanner classified as a non-medical device. The FDA has not yet acted on our
application. There are various factors that could determine whether the Scanner
is a medical device, including the claims that we or our distributors make
about it. We face similar regulatory issues in other markets with respect to
the status of the Scanner as a non-medical device and the claims that can be
made in using it. For example, during the past year we faced regulatory
inquiries in Singapore, Korea, Japan and Thailand regarding distributor claims with
respect to the Scanner. Although these matters have not resulted in any adverse
action against us, our revenue in any market going forward could be negatively
impacted if we face similar issues in the future or if such inquiries weaken
distributor enthusiasm surrounding the Scanner. A determination in any market
that the Scanner is a medical device or that distributors are using it to make
medical claims could negatively impact our ability to use the Scanner in such
market. In addition, if distributors make claims regarding the Scanner outside
of claims approved by us, or use it in a manner not authorized by us, this
could result in regulatory actions against our business. |
(f) |
|
Our
current and planned initiatives surrounding the S2 Scanner and the Nu Skin® ProDerm skin
analysis tool in our various markets are subject to technical and regulatory
risks and uncertainties. The S2 Scanner is a newly developed tool and we cannot
be certain that it will consistently meet performance expectations. In
addition, we have experienced delays and challenges in completion of a ProDerm
unit that meets our specifications and objectives. We have introduced an
initial version in the United States that has fewer features while we continue
to develop an enhanced version. If we continue to experience difficulties or
delays in completing this process that prevent us from meeting our launch
schedules or developing a tool that performs the desired functions, our
business may be harmed. Our plans are also subject to regulatory risks,
particularly in Japan, where there is a risk that regulatory authorities in
Japan may impose limitations on the use of this tool and on claims that may be
made in connection with its use. Such limitations in Japan or any other markets
could weaken the ability of our distributors to utilize this tool in building
their businesses, and could dampen distributor enthusiasm surrounding it. |
-66-
(g) |
|
As
we work to grow operations in Russia and other developing markets, work through
the approval processes for expansion of direct selling in China and look to
develop other new markets, we anticipate that some distributor leaders in other
markets will shift their focus away from their home markets and towards
business prospects in these markets. This shift of focus of distributor leaders
can negatively impact distributor leadership and growth in these other markets
and consequently negatively impact revenue. In addition, if Russia and China
are not as successful as the distributor leaders from these other markets
anticipate, this can also dampen distributor enthusiasm. |
(h) |
|
As
we continue to implement our business transformation initiative, there could be
unintended negative consequences, including business disruptions and/or a loss
of employees. Further, we may not realize the cost improvements and greater
efficiencies as we hope for as a result of this realignment. In addition, as we
continually evaluate strategic reinvestment of any savings generated as a
result of our transformation initiative, we may not ultimately achieve the
amount of savings that we currently anticipate. |
(i) |
|
The
network marketing and nutritional supplement industries are subject to various
laws and regulations throughout our markets, many of which involve a high level
of subjectivity and are inherently fact-based and subject to interpretation.
Negative publicity concerning supplements with controversial ingredients has
spurred efforts to change existing regulations or adopt new regulations in
order to impose further restrictions and regulatory control over the
nutritional supplement industry. The FTC in the United States is also proposing
new regulations that would impose new requirements that could be burdensome. If
our existing business practices or products, or any new initiatives or
products, are challenged or found to contravene any of these laws by any
governmental agency or other third party, or if there are any new regulations
applicable to our business that limit our ability to market such products or
impose additional requirements on us, our revenue and profitability may be
harmed. |
(j) |
|
Due
to the international nature of our business, we are subject from time to time
to reviews and audits by the foreign taxing authorities of the various
jurisdictions in which we conduct business throughout the world. These audits
sometimes result in challenges by such taxing authorities as to our
methodologies used in determining our income tax, duties, customs, and other
amounts owed in connection with the importation and distribution of our
products. For example, we were assessed by the Japan customs
authorities for additional duties on products imported into Japan, and we are
currently contesting this assessment. Audits are also often focused on whether
or not certain expenses are deductible for tax purposes in a given country.
Currently, audits are underway with respect to this issue in a number of our
markets, including Taiwan. To the extent we are unable to successfully defend
ourselves against such audits and reviews, we may be required to pay
assessments and penalties and increased duties, which may, individually or in
the aggregate, negatively impact our gross margins and operating results. |
(k) |
|
Production
difficulties and quality control problems could harm our business, in
particular our reliance on third party suppliers to deliver quality products in
a timely manner.Occasionally, we have experienced production
difficulties with respect to our products, including the delivery of products
that do not meet our quality control standards. These quality problems have
resulted in the past, and could result in the future, in stock outages or
shortages in our markets with respect to such products, harming our sales and
creating inventory write-offs for unusable products. |
-67-
ITEM 7A. |
|
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
The
information required by Item 7A of Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference from the
information contained in Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations Currency Risk and Exchange Rate
Information and Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
ITEM 8. |
|
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA |
|
1. |
|
Financial
Statements. Set forth below is the index to the Financial Statements
included in this Item 8: |
|
Page | |
|
|
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2005 and 2006 |
69 |
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years
ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 |
70 |
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity and Comprehensive Income
for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 |
71 |
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years
ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 |
72 |
|
|
|
|
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
73 |
|
|
|
|
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
96 |
|
|
2. |
|
Financial
Statement Schedules: Financial statement schedules have been omitted
because they are not required or are not applicable, or because the required
information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto. |
-68-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
|
December 31, | |
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets | |
Cash and cash equivalents | |
$ 155,409 |
|
$ 121,353 |
|
Current investments | |
|
|
|
|
Accounts receivable | |
16,683 |
|
19,421 |
|
Inventories, net | |
99,399 |
|
92,092 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other | |
36,663 |
|
44,093 |
|
| |
308,154 |
|
276,959 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Property and equipment, net | |
84,053 |
|
85,883 |
|
Goodwill | |
112,446 |
|
112,446 |
|
Other intangible assets, net | |
91,137 |
|
91,349 |
|
Other assts | |
83,076 |
|
98,212 |
|
Total assets | |
$ 678,866 |
|
$ 664,849 |
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | |
Current liabilities | |
Accounts payable | |
$ 20,276 |
|
$ 20,815 |
|
Accrued expenses | |
112,023 |
|
120,074 |
|
Current portion of long-term debt | |
26,757 |
|
26,652 |
|
| |
159,056 |
|
167,541 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt | |
123,483 |
|
136,173 |
|
Other liabilities | |
41,699 |
|
42,155 |
|
Total liabilities | |
324,238 |
|
345,869 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 9 and 20) | |
| |
|
|
|
|
Stockholders' equity | |
Class A common stock - 500 million shares authorized,
$.001 par value, 90.6 million shares issued; | |
91 |
|
91 |
|
Additional paid-in capital | |
179,335 |
|
199,322 |
|
Treasury stock, at cost - 20.9 million and 20.5 million shares | |
(284,138 |
) |
(346,889 |
) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | |
(67,197 |
) |
(65,107 |
) |
Retained earnings | |
526,537 |
|
531,563 |
|
| |
354,628 |
|
318,980 |
|
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | |
$ 678,866 |
|
$ 664,849 |
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
-69-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Income
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
Revenue |
|
$ 1,137,864 |
|
$ 1,180,930 |
|
$ 1,115,409 |
|
Cost of sales | |
191,211 |
|
206,163 |
|
195,203 |
|
|
|
|
Gross profit | |
946,653 |
|
974,767 |
|
920,206 |
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses: | |
Selling expenses | |
487,631 |
|
497,421 |
|
480,136 |
|
General and administrative expenses | |
333,263 |
|
354,223 |
|
353,412 |
|
Impairment of assets and other | |
|
|
|
|
20,840 |
|
Restructuring and other charges | |
|
|
|
|
11,115 |
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses | |
820,894 |
|
851,644 |
|
865,503 |
|
|
|
|
Operating income | |
125,759 |
|
123,123 |
|
54,703 |
|
Other income (expense), net | |
(3,618 |
) |
(4,172 |
) |
(2,027 |
) |
|
|
|
Income before provision for income taxes | |
122,141 |
|
118,951 |
|
52,676 |
|
Provision for income taxes | |
44,467 |
|
44,918 |
|
19,859 |
|
|
|
|
Net income | |
$ 77,674 |
|
$ 74,033 |
|
$ 32,817 |
|
|
|
|
Net income per share: | |
Basic | |
$ 1.10 |
|
$ 1.06 |
|
$ 0.47 |
|
Diluted | |
$ 1.07 |
|
$ 1.04 |
|
$ 0.47 |
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (000s): | |
Basic | |
70,734 |
|
70,047 |
|
69,418 |
|
Diluted | |
72,627 |
|
71,356 |
|
70,506 |
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
-70-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity and Comprehensive Income
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
|
Class A
Common Stock | |
Additional
Paid in Capital | |
Treasury Stock | |
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss | |
Retained
Earnings | |
Total | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2004 |
|
$ 91 |
|
$ 146,238 |
|
$ (216,847 |
) |
$ (70,849 |
) |
$ 431,615 |
|
$ 290,248 |
|
| |
Comprehensive income: | |
Net income | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
77,674 |
|
77,674 |
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,402 |
) |
|
|
(1,402 |
) |
Net unrealized losses on foreign currency cash flow hedges | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,590 |
) |
|
|
(2,590 |
) |
Less: Reclassification adjustment for realized losses in current earnings | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,235 |
|
|
|
3,235 |
|
Total comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
76,917 |
|
Repurchase of Class A common stock (Note 10) | |
|
|
|
|
(72,311 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(72,311 |
) |
Stock-based compensation | |
|
|
778 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
778 |
|
Purchase of long-term assets (Note 21) | |
|
|
4,279 |
|
2,624 |
|
|
|
|
|
6,903 |
|
Reduction in carrying value of intangible asset | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(8,750 |
) |
(8,750 |
) |
Exercise of employee stock options (1,834,000 shares) | |
|
|
3,814 |
|
12,813 |
|
|
|
|
|
16,627 |
|
Tax benefit of options exercised | |
|
|
8,448 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,448 |
|
Cash dividends | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(22,627 |
) |
(22,627 |
) |
Balance at December 31, 2004 | |
91 |
|
163,557 |
|
(273,721 |
) |
(71,606 |
) |
477,912 |
|
296,233 |
|
| |
Comprehensive income: | |
Net income | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
74,033 |
|
74,033 |
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(597 |
) |
|
|
(597 |
) |
Net unrealized gains on foreign currency cash flow hedges | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,278 |
|
|
|
5,278 |
|
Less: Reclassification adjustment for realized gains in current earnings | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(272 |
) |
|
|
(272 |
) |
Total comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
78,442 |
|
Repurchase of Class A common stock (Note 10) | |
|
|
|
|
(24,638 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(24,638 |
) |
Stock-based compensation | |
|
|
907 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
907 |
|
Purchase of long-term assets (Note 21) | |
|
|
13,512 |
|
7,695 |
|
|
|
|
|
21,207 |
|
Exercise of employee stock options (666,000 shares) | |
|
|
(349 |
) |
6,526 |
|
|
|
|
|
6,177 |
|
Tax benefit of options exercised | |
|
|
1,708 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,708 |
|
Cash dividends | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(25,408 |
) |
(25,408 |
) |
Balance at December 31, 2005 | |
91 |
|
179,335 |
|
(284,138 |
) |
(67,197 |
) |
526,537 |
|
354,628 |
|
| |
Comprehensive income: | |
Net income | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32,817 |
|
32,817 |
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,736 |
|
|
|
3,736 |
|
Net unrealized gains on foreign currency cash flow hedges | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
218 |
|
|
|
218 |
|
Less: Reclassification adjustment for realized gains in current earnings | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,864 |
) |
|
|
(1,864 |
) |
Total comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34,907 |
|
Repurchase of Class A common stock (Note 10) | |
|
|
|
|
(67,452 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(67,452 |
) |
Adjustment related to prior common control merger | |
|
|
8,151 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,151 |
|
Exercise of employee stock options (519,000 shares) | |
|
|
870 |
|
4,530 |
|
|
|
|
|
5,400 |
|
Tax benefit of options exercised/restricted shares vested | |
|
|
1,836 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,836 |
|
Stock-based compensation | |
|
|
9,130 |
|
171 |
|
|
|
|
|
9,301 |
|
Cash dividends | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(27,791 |
) |
(27,791 |
) |
Balance at December 31, 2006 | |
$ 91 |
|
$ 199,322 |
|
$ (346,889 |
) |
$ (65,107 |
) |
$ 531,563 |
|
$ 318,980 |
|
The accompanying notes are an
integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
-71-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
Cash flows from operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income | |
$ 77,674 |
|
$ 74,033 |
|
$ 32,817 |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided | |
by operating activities: | |
Depreciation and amortization | |
27,883 |
|
30,459 |
|
29,132 |
|
Stock-based compensation | |
778 |
|
907 |
|
9,301 |
|
Impairment of Scanner asset | |
|
|
|
|
18,984 |
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |
Accounts receivable | |
(1003 |
) |
(626 |
) |
(2,786 |
) |
Inventories, net | |
(4,136 |
) |
(11,925 |
) |
163 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other | |
21,869 |
|
15,991 |
|
(8,289 |
) |
Other assets | |
(10,372 |
) |
(5,048 |
) |
(9,382 |
) |
Accounts payable | |
6,366 |
|
(4,906 |
) |
118 |
|
Accrued expenses | |
10,910 |
|
22,185 |
|
6,234 |
|
Other liabilities | |
381 |
|
(6,970 |
) |
(497 |
) |
| |
Net cash provided by operating activities | |
130,350 |
|
114,100 |
|
75,795 |
|
| |
Cash flows from investing activities: | |
Purchase of property and equipment | |
(34,996 |
) |
(30,884 |
) |
(35,680 |
) |
Proceeds on investment sales | |
185,015 |
|
170,610 |
|
173,925 |
|
Purchases of investments | |
(195,245 |
) |
(160,380 |
) |
(173,925 |
) |
Purchase of long-term assets | |
(2,953 |
) |
(5,548 |
) |
(1,981 |
) |
| |
Net cash used in investing activities | |
(48,179 |
) |
(26,202 |
) |
(37,661 |
) |
| |
Cash flows from financing activities: | |
Payment of cash dividends | |
(22,627 |
) |
(25,408 |
) |
(27,791 |
) |
Repurchase of shares of common stock | |
(72,311 |
) |
(24,638 |
) |
(67,452 |
) |
Exercise of distributor and employee stock options | |
16,627 |
|
6,177 |
|
5,400 |
|
Income tax benefit of options exercised | |
|
|
|
|
1,836 |
|
Payments on long-term debt | |
(16,241 |
) |
(17,074 |
) |
(31,611 |
) |
Proceeds from long-term debt | |
|
|
30,000 |
|
45,000 |
|
| |
Net cash used in financing activities | |
(94,552 |
) |
(30,943 |
) |
(74,618 |
) |
| |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | |
(322 |
) |
(11,411 |
) |
2,428 |
|
| |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | |
(12,703 |
) |
45,544 |
|
(34,056 |
) |
| |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | |
122,568 |
|
109,865 |
|
155,409 |
|
| |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | |
$ 109,865 |
|
$ 155,409 |
|
$ 121,353 |
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
-72-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. (the Company) is a leading, global direct selling
company that develops and distributes premium-quality, innovative personal care products
and nutritional supplements that are sold worldwide under the Nu Skin and Pharmanex
brands. The Company also markets technology-related products and services under the Big
Planet brand. The Company reports revenue from five geographic regions: North Asia, which
consists of Japan and South Korea; Greater China, which consists of Mainland China, Hong
Kong, Macau and Taiwan; Americas, which consists of the United States, Canada and Latin
America; South Asia/Pacific, which consists of Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, New
Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand; and Europe, which includes several
markets in Europe as well as Israel and Russia (the Companys subsidiaries operating
in these countries are collectively referred to as the Subsidiaries).
2. |
|
Summary
of Significant Accounting Policies |
Consolidation
The
consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the
Subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in
consolidation.
Use of estimates
The
preparation of these financial statements, in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States, required management to make estimates and
assumptions that affected the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure
of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements and the
reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash
equivalents are short-term, highly liquid instruments with original maturities of 90 days
or less.
Current investments
Current
investments consist entirely of auction rate municipal bonds classified as
available-for-sale securities. The Company, through its dealers, purchases and sells these
securities at par value and records them at cost, which approximates fair market value due
to their variable interest rates, which typically reset every 7 to 35 days and despite the
long-term nature of their stated contractual maturities, along with the Companys
investment policy and practice to only invest in high investment grade securities, the
Company has the ability to quickly liquidate these securities. As a result, the Company
has no cumulative gross unrealized holding gains (losses) or gross realized gains (losses)
from its current investments. Interest income generated from these current investments is
recorded in other income. There were no current investments as of December 31, 2005 and
2006.
-73-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Inventories
Inventories
consist primarily of merchandise purchased for resale and are stated at the lower of cost
or market, using the first-in, first-out method. The Company had reserves for obsolete
inventory totaling $5.8 million and $5.9 million as of December 31, 2005 and 2006,
respectively.
Inventories
consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
December 31, |
|
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
Raw materials |
|
$ 20,941 |
|
$ 24,550 |
|
Finished goods | |
78,458 |
|
67,542 |
|
| |
$ 99,399 |
|
$ 92,092 |
|
Property and equipment
Property
and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the
following estimated useful lives:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Furniture and fixtures |
|
5 - 7 years |
|
Computers and equipment | |
3 - 5 years | |
Leasehold improvements | |
Shorter of estimated useful life or lease term | |
Scanners | |
3 years | |
Vehicles | |
3 - 5 years | |
Expenditures
for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When an asset is sold or
otherwise disposed of, the cost and associated accumulated depreciation are removed from
the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is recognized in the statement of income.
Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. An
impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value.
Goodwill and other
intangible assets
Under
the provisions of Statements of Financial Accounting Standards
(SFAS) No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (SFAS
142), the Companys goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives
are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment at least annually. The
Companys intangible assets with finite lives are recorded at cost and are amortized
over their respective estimated useful lives using the straight-line method to their
estimated residual values and are reviewed for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144,
Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.. In addition, the
Company is required to make judgments regarding and periodically assesses the useful life
of its intangible assets.
Revenue recognition
Revenue
is recognized when products are shipped, which is when title and risk of loss pass to
independent distributors and preferred customers who are the Companys customers. A
reserve for product returns is accrued based on historical experience totaling $2.1
million and $2.3 million as of December 31, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The Company
generally requires cash or credit card payment at the point of sale. The Company has
determined that no allowance for doubtful accounts is necessary. Amounts received prior to
shipment and title passage to distributors are recorded as deferred revenue. The global
compensation plan for the Companys distributors generally does not provide rebates
or selling discounts to distributors who purchase its products and services. The Company
classifies selling discounts and rebates, if any, as a reduction of revenue.
-74-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Advertising expense
Advertising
costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense incurred for the years ended December
31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 totaled approximately $1.3 million, $2.4 million and $3.9 million,
respectively.
Research and development
The
Companys research and development activities are conducted primarily through its
Pharmanex division. Research and development costs are included in general and
administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income and are
expensed as incurred and totaled $7.7 million, $7.5 million and $8.7 million in 2004, 2005
and 2006, respectively.
Income taxes
The
Company follows the liability method in accounting for income taxes. Under this method,
deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between
financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the
enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to
reverse. The Company nets deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities by
jurisdiction. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax
assets to the amounts expected to be ultimately realized. The Company accounts for any
income tax contingencies in accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for
Contingencies.
Net income per share
Net
income per share is computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares
outstanding during the periods presented. Additionally, diluted earnings per share data
gives effect to all potentially dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the
periods presented (Note 10).
Foreign currency
translation
Most
of the Companys business operations occur outside the United States. The local
currency of each of the Companys subsidiaries is considered its functional currency.
All assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates existing at
the balance sheet dates, revenue and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange
rates and stockholders equity is recorded at historical exchange rates. The
resulting foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of
stockholders equity in the consolidated balance sheets and transaction gains and
losses are included in other income and expense in the consolidated financial statements.
-75-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Fair value of financial
instruments
The
carrying value of financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts
receivable and accounts payable approximate fair values due to the short-term nature of
these instruments. The carrying amount of long-term debt approximates fair value because
the applicable interest rates approximate current market rates. Fair value estimates are
made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information.
Stock-based compensation
Effective
January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the fair value recognition provisions of Financial
Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment
(SFAS 123R), using the modified prospective transition method and therefore
has not restated results for prior periods. Under this transition method, stock-based
compensation expense includes all stock-based compensation awards granted prior to, but
not yet vested as of January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in
accordance with the original provisions of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation (SFAS 123). Stock-based compensation expense for all
stock-based compensation awards granted after January 1, 2006 is based on the grant-dated
fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R. The Company
recognizes these compensation costs, net of an estimated forfeiture rate, on a
straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the
option vesting term of four years. The Company estimated the forfeiture rate based on its
historical experience.
In
March 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) issued Staff
Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (SAB 107) regarding the SECs interpretation
of SFAS 123R and the valuation of share-based payments for public companies. The Company
applied the provisions of SAB 107 in its adoption of SFAS 123R.
Prior
to the adoption of SFAS 123R the Company recognized stock based compensation expense in
accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25. Accounting for Stock Issued
to Employees (APB 25). Accordingly, the Company generally recognized
compensation expense only when it granted options with an exercise price less than the
market value of the underlying shares. Any resulting compensation expense was recognized
ratably over the associated service period, which was generally the option vesting term.
The
Company has elected to follow the transition guidance indicated in Paragraph 81 of FASB
Statement No. 123 (revised 2004) for purposes of calculating the pool of excess tax
benefits available to absorb possible future tax deficiencies. As such, the Company has
calculated its historical APIC pool of windfall tax benefits using the
long-form method. Furthermore, the Company has elected to use a two-pool approach
(segregating employee and nonemployee awards into two separate pools) when accounting for
the pool of windfall tax benefits.
Reporting comprehensive
income
Comprehensive
income is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from
transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, and it includes
all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners
and distributions to owners.
-76-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Accounting for derivative
instruments and hedging activities
The
Company recognizes all derivatives as either assets or liabilities, with the instruments
measured at fair value as required by SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities (SFAS 133).
The
Companys Subsidiaries enter into significant transactions with each other and third
parties that may not be denominated in the respective Subsidiaries functional
currencies. The Company regularly monitors its foreign currency risks and seeks to reduce
its exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates using foreign currency exchange
contracts and through certain intercompany loans of foreign currency.
The
Company hedges its exposure to future cash flows from forecasted transactions over a
maximum period of 12 months. Hedge effectiveness is assessed at inception and throughout
the life of the hedge to ensure the hedge qualifies for hedge accounting treatment.
Changes in fair value associated with hedge ineffectiveness, if any, are recorded in the
results of operations currently. In the event that an anticipated transaction is no longer
likely to occur, the Company recognizes the change in fair value of the derivative in its
results of operations currently.
Changes
in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in current earnings or accumulated other
comprehensive loss, depending on the intended use of the derivative and its resulting
designation. The gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive loss stemming from
these derivatives will be reclassified into earnings in the period during which the hedged
forecasted transaction affects earnings. The fair value of the receivable and payable
amounts related to these unrealized gains and losses is classified as other current assets
and liabilities. The Company does not use such derivative financial instruments for
trading or speculative purposes. Gains and losses on certain intercompany loans of foreign
currency are recorded as other income and expense in the consolidated statements of
income.
3. |
|
Related
Party Transactions |
The
Company leases corporate office and warehouse space from two entities that are owned by
certain officers and directors of the Company. Total lease payments to these two
affiliated entities were $3.7 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005
and 2006 with remaining long-term minimum lease payment obligations under these operating
leases of $19.8 million and $17.2 million at December 31, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
-77-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
4. |
|
Property
and Equipment |
Property
and equipment are comprised of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
December 31, |
|
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
Furniture and fixtures |
|
$ 44,769 |
|
$ 49,499 |
|
Computers and equipment | |
88,619 |
|
90,108 |
|
Leasehold improvements | |
45,663 |
|
53,677 |
|
Scanners | |
37,363 |
|
30,291 |
|
Vehicles | |
3,140 |
|
3,255 |
|
| |
219,554 |
|
226,830 |
|
Less: accumulated depreciation | |
(135,501 |
) |
(140,947 |
) |
| |
$ 84,053 |
|
$ 85,883 |
|
Depreciation
of property and equipment totaled $22.5 million, $24.7 million and $23.7 million for the
years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively, which includes amortization
expense relating to the Scanners of approximately $4.9 million, $7.9 million and $7.3
million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
5. |
|
Goodwill
and Other Intangible Assets |
Goodwill
and other intangible assets consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
Carrying Amount at
December 31, |
|
Goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets: | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
Goodwill |
|
$ 112,446 |
|
$ 112,446 |
|
Trademarks and trade names | |
24,599 |
|
24,599 |
|
| |
$ 137,045 |
|
$ 137,045 |
|
|
December 31, 2005 | |
December 31, 2006 | |
|
Finite life intangible assets: |
Gross Carrying
Amount | |
Accumulated
Amortization | |
Gross Carrying
Amount | |
Accumulated
Amortization | |
Weighted-average
Amortization Period | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scanner technology |
|
$ 42,435 |
|
$ 3,304 |
|
$ 46,482 |
|
$ 6,290 |
|
18 years |
|
Developed technology |
|
22,500 |
|
9,314 |
|
22,500 |
|
10,139 |
|
20 years |
|
Distributor network | |
11,598 |
|
6,078 |
|
11,598 |
|
6,580 |
|
15 years | |
Trademarks | |
12,345 |
|
6,255 |
|
12,452 |
|
6,879 |
|
15 years | |
Other | |
19,873 |
|
17,262 |
|
21,349 |
|
17,743 |
|
5 years | |
| |
$ 108,751 |
|
$ 42,213 |
|
$ 114,381 |
|
$ 47,631 |
|
15 years | |
Amortization
of finite-life intangible assets totaled $5.4 million, $5.7 million and $5.4 million for
the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Annual estimated
amortization expense is expected to approximate $6.0 million for each of the five
succeeding fiscal years.
-78-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Goodwill
and indefinite life intangible assets are not amortized, rather they are subject to annual
impairment tests. Annual impairment tests were completed resulting in no impairment
charges for any of the periods shown. Finite life intangibles are amortized over their
useful lives unless circumstances occur that cause the Company to revise such lives or
review such assets for impairment.
Other
assets consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
December 31, |
|
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
Deferred taxes |
|
$ 31,804 |
|
$ 42,836 |
|
Deposits for noncancelable operating leases | |
13,397 |
|
14,476 |
|
Deposit for customs assessment (Note 20) | |
22,853 |
|
22,648 |
|
Other | |
15,022 |
|
18,252 |
|
| |
$ 83,076 |
|
$ 98,212 |
|
Accrued
expenses consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
December 31, |
|
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
Accrued commission payments to distributors |
|
$ 41,820 |
|
$ 39,142 |
|
Income taxes payable | |
8,880 |
|
9,773 |
|
Other taxes payable | |
15,649 |
|
16,471 |
|
Accrued payroll and payroll taxes | |
11,405 |
|
10,485 |
|
Other accruals | |
34,269 |
|
44,203 |
|
| |
$ 112,023 |
|
$ 120,074 |
|
The
Company maintains a $25.0 million revolving credit facility that expires in May 2007.
Drawings on this revolving credit facility may be used for working capital, capital
expenditures and other purposes including repurchases of the Companys outstanding
shares of Class A common stock. As of December 31, 2006, there were no outstanding
balances under this revolving credit facility.
The
Company also has a multi-currency private uncommitted shelf facility with Prudential
Investment Management, Inc. which was increased to $205.0 million during 2006. As of
December 31, 2006, the Company had $116.2 million outstanding under its shelf facility,
$15.0 million of which is included in the current portion of long-term debt. $90.0 million
of this long-term debt is U.S. dollar denominated, bears interest of approximately 5.2%
per annum and is amortized in three tranches between five and ten years. The remaining
$26.2 million as of December 31, 2006, is Japanese yen-denominated senior promissory notes
in the aggregate principal amount of 3.1 billion Japanese yen, which were issued on
February 7, 2005. The notes bear interest of 1.7% per annum, with interest payable
semi-annually. The interest payments on the notes began April 30, 2005. The final maturity
date of the notes is April 20, 2014 and principal payments are required annually beginning
on April 30, 2008 in equal installments of 445.7 million Japanese yen.
-79-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The
Companys long-term debt also includes the long-term portion of Japanese yen
denominated ten-year senior notes issued to the Prudential Insurance Company of America in
2000. The notes bear interest at an effective rate of 3.0% per annum and are due October
2010, with annual principal payments that began in October 2004. As of December 31, 2006,
the outstanding balance on the notes was 5.5 billion Japanese yen, or $46.6 million, $11.7
million of which is included in the current portion of long-term debt. The Japanese notes
and the revolving and shelf credit facilities are secured by guarantees issued by our
material subsidiaries or by pledges of 65% to 100% of the outstanding stock of our
material subsidiaries.
On
October 5, 2006, the Company executed amendments to the following loan and credit
agreements: (i) Note Purchase Agreement dated October 12, 2000 between the Company and The
Prudential Insurance Company of America, as amended; (ii) Credit Agreement dated May 10,
2001 among the Company, various financial institutions, and Bank of America, N.A., as
Administrative Agent, as amended; and (iii) Private Shelf Agreement dated as of August 26,
2003 between the Company and Prudential Investment Management, Inc., as amended (the
Private Shelf Agreement). The Private Shelf Agreement was amended to raise the
credit facility amount from $125 million to $205 million, and the borrowing period for
this facility was extended for an additional three years from the date of the amendment.
On October 5, 2006, the Company issued a series of U.S. Dollar denominated senior
promissory notes (the Notes) to affiliates of Prudential Investment
Management, Inc. (Prudential). The Notes were issued pursuant to the $205
million Private Shelf Agreement. The aggregate principal amount of the Notes is $40
million, bearing a 6.19% interest rate per annum, with interest payable semi-annually
beginning on January 5, 2007. The final maturity date of the Notes is July 5, 2016 and
principal payments are required annually beginning on July 5, 2010 in equal installments
of approximately $5.7 million.
The
following tables summaries the Companys long-term debt arrangements as of December
31, 2006:
Facility or Arrangement | |
Original Principal Amount | |
Balance as of December 31, 2006 | |
Interest Rate | |
Repayment terms | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000 Japanese yen denominated notes |
|
9.7 billion yen |
|
5.5 billion yen ($46.6 million as of December 31, 2006) |
|
3.0% |
|
Notes due October 2010, with annual principal payments that began in October 2004. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
2003 $205.0 million multi-currency uncommitted shelf facility: | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
U.S. dollar denominated: | |
$50.0 million | |
$40.0 million | |
4.5% | |
Notes due April 2010 with annual principal payments beginning April 2006. | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
$25.0 million | |
$10.0 million | |
4.0% | |
Notes due April 2008 with annual principal payments that began in October 2004. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
-80-
Facility or Arrangement | |
Original Principal Amount | |
Balance as of December 31, 2006 | |
Interest Rate | |
Repayment terms | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
$40.0 million | |
$40.0 million | |
6.2% | |
Notes due July 2016, with annual principal payments beginning July 2010. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japanese yen denominated: | |
3.1 billion yen | |
3.1 billion yen ($26.2 million as of December 31, 2006) | |
1.7% | |
Notes due April 2014, with annual principal payments beginning April 2008. | |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
2004 $25.0 million revolving credit facility | |
N/A | |
$0 | |
N/A | |
Credit facility expires May 2007 | |
Interest
expense relating to the long-term debt totaled $5.9 million, $5.5 million and $5.1 million
for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
The
notes and shelf facility contain other terms and conditions and affirmative and negative
financial covenants customary for credit facilities of this type, including a requirement
to maintain a minimum cash balance of $75.0 million. As of December 31, 2006, the Company
is in compliance with all financial covenants under the notes and shelf facility.
Maturities
of all long-term debt at December 31, 2006, based on the year-end exchange rate, are as
follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):
Year Ending December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
$ 26,652 |
|
2008 | |
30,397 |
|
2009 | |
25,397 |
|
2010 | |
31,112 |
|
2011 | |
9,463 |
|
Thereafter | |
39,804 |
|
Total | |
$ 162,825 |
|
-81-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The
Company leases office space and computer hardware under noncancelable long-term operating
leases including related party leases (see Note 3). Most leases include renewal options of
at least three years. Minimum future operating lease obligations at December 31, 2006 are
as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):
Year Ending December 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
$ 12,829 |
|
2008 | |
10,312 |
|
2009 | |
7,176 |
|
2010 | |
5,732 |
|
2011 | |
3,260 |
|
Thereafter | |
|
|
Total | |
$ 39,309 |
|
Rental
expense for operating leases totaled $25.9 million, $30.5 million and $31.4 million for
the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
The
Companys authorized capital stock consists of 25 million shares of preferred stock,
par value $.001 per share, 500 million shares of Class A common stock, par value $.001 per
share and 100 million shares of Class B common stock, par value $.001 per share. The
shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical in all respects,
except for voting rights and certain conversion rights and transfer restrictions, as
follows: (1) each share of Class A common stock entitles the holder to one vote on matters
submitted to a vote of the Companys stockholders and each share of Class B common
stock entitles the holder to ten votes on each such matter; (2) stock dividends of Class A
common stock may be paid only to holders of Class A common stock and stock dividends of
Class B common stock may be paid only to holders of Class B common stock; (3) if a holder
of Class B common stock transfers such shares to a person other than a permitted
transferee, as defined in the Companys Certificate of Incorporation, such shares
will be converted automatically into shares of Class A common stock; and (4) Class A
common stock has no conversion rights; however, each share of Class B common stock is
convertible into one share of Class A common stock, in whole or in part, at any time at
the option of the holder. All outstanding Class B shares have been converted to Class A
shares. As of December 31, 2006 and 2005, there were no Preferred or Class B common shares
outstanding.
Weighted-average common
shares outstanding
The
following is a reconciliation of the weighted-average common shares outstanding for
purposes of computing basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands):
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding |
|
70,734 |
|
70,047 |
|
69,418 |
|
Effect of dilutive securities: | |
Stock awards and options | |
1,893 |
|
1,309 |
|
1,088 |
|
Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding | |
72,627 |
|
71,356 |
|
70,506 |
|
For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, other stock options totaling 0.6 million, 2.1 million and 2.8 million, respectively, were excluded
from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive.
-82-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Repurchases of common
stock
Since
August 1998, the board of directors has authorized the Company to repurchase up to $235.0
million of the Companys outstanding shares of Class A common stock on the open
market or in private transactions. The repurchases are used primarily for the
Companys equity incentive plans and strategic initiatives. During the years ended
December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, the Company repurchased approximately 0.1 million, 1.2
million and 3.8 million shares of Class A common stock for an aggregate price of
approximately $1.3 million, $24.6 million and $67.5 million, respectively, under these
repurchase programs. Between August 1998 and December 31, 2006, the Company repurchased a
total of approximately 13.8 million shares of Class A common stock under this repurchase
program for an aggregate price of approximately $175.0 million.
On
July 30, 2004, the Company purchased approximately 3.1 million shares of common stock from
members of its original stockholder group for an aggregate purchase price of $72.3
million, or $22.62 per share. These stockholders also sold 1.5 million shares to
third-party investors.
11. |
|
StockBased
Compensation |
At
December 31, 2006, the Company had the following stock-based employee compensation plans:
Equity Incentive Plans
During
the year ended December 31, 1996, the Companys board of directors adopted the Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc., 1996 Stock Incentive Plan (the 1996 Stock Incentive
Plan). In April 2006, the Companys Board of Directors approved the Nu Skin
Enterprises, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan).
This plan was approved by the Companys stockholders at the Companys 2006
Annual Meeting of Stockholders held in May of 2006. The 1996 Stock Incentive Plan and the
2006 Stock Incentive Plan provide for granting of stock awards and options to purchase
common stock to executives, other employees, independent consultants and directors of the
Company and its Subsidiaries. Options granted under the equity incentive plans are
generally non-qualified stock options, but the plans permit some options granted to
qualify as incentive stock options under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. The
exercise price of a stock option generally is equal to the fair market value of the
Companys common stock on the option grant date. The contractual term of options
granted since 1996 is generally ten years. However, for options granted beginning in the
second quarter of 2006, the contractual term has been shortened to seven years. Currently,
all shares issued upon the exercise of options are from the Companys treasury
shares. With the adoption of the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan, no further grants will be made
under the 1996 Stock Incentive Plan. Under the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan 6.0 million shares were
authorized for issuance.
The
total compensation expense related to these plans was approximately $9.3 million for the
year ended December 31, 2006. As a result of adopting SFAS 123R, income before provision
for income taxes and net income for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $7.7 million
lower and $4.8 million lower, respectively, than if the Company had continued to account
for stock-based compensation under APB 25. The impact on both basic and diluted earnings
per share for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $0.07 per share. In addition, prior to
the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company presented the tax benefit of stock option exercises
as a component of operating cash flows. Upon the adoption of SFAS 123R, tax benefits
resulting from tax deductions in excess of the compensation cost recognized for those
options are classified as financing cash flows. For the year ended December 31, 2006, all
stock-based compensation expense was recorded within general and administrative expenses.
-83-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The
pro forma table below reflects net income and basic and diluted net income per share for
the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 had the Company applied the fair value
recognition provisions of SFAS 123, as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
|
December 31, | |
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
Net income, as reported |
|
$ 77,674 |
|
$ 74,033 |
|
Less: Stock-based compensation expense determined | |
under the fair-value-based method for all awards, | |
net of related tax effects | |
(6,224 |
) |
(5,823 |
) |
|
| |
| |
Pro forma net income | |
$ 71,450 |
|
$ 68,210 |
|
|
| |
| |
Net income per share: | |
Basic - as reported | |
$ 1.10 |
|
$ 1.06 |
|
Basic - pro forma | |
$ 1.01 |
|
$ 0.97 |
|
|
| |
| |
Diluted - as reported | |
$ 1.07 |
|
$ 1.04 |
|
Diluted - pro forma | |
$ 0.98 |
|
$ 0.96 |
|
The
fair value of stock option awards was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing
model with the following assumptions and weighted-average fair values as follows:
|
| |
Stock Options:(1) |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
Weighted average grant date fair value of grants |
|
$ 7.27 |
|
$ 10.43 |
|
$ 6.52 |
|
Risk-free interest rate |
|
2.8% |
|
3.9% |
|
4.9% |
|
Dividend yield | |
1.9% |
|
1.6% |
|
2.1% |
|
Expected volatility | |
45.4% |
|
52.6% |
|
44.3% |
|
Expected life in months | |
47 months |
|
75 months |
|
58 months |
|
(1) |
|
The fair value calculation was based on stock options granted during the period.
The risk free interest rate is based on the rates listed on the federal
government website. The dividend yield is based on the rolling average of annual
stock prices and the actual dividends paid in the corresponding 12 months. The
expected volatility is based on historic stock prices going back the same number
of months as the expected life and using 52 observations per year. The Company
uses the short-cut method in determining the estimated life. |
-84-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Options
under the plans as of December 31, 2006 and changes during the year ended December 31,
2006 were as follows:
|
Shares
(in thousands) | |
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price | |
Weighted- Average
Remaining Contractual Term
(in years) | |
Aggregate Intrinsic
Value
(in thousands) | |
Outstanding at December 31, 2003 |
|
6,941.9 |
|
$ 11.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
Granted | |
1,355.2 |
|
22.15 |
|
Exercised | |
(1,655.3 |
) |
9.97 |
|
Forfeited/cancelled/expired | |
(48.7 |
) |
12.46 |
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2004 | |
6,593.1 |
|
14.03 |
|
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2004 | |
6,081.3 |
|
14.03 |
|
Exercisable at December 31, 2004 | |
3,374.0 |
|
11.89 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2004 | |
6,593.1 |
|
$ 14.03 |
|
Granted | |
1,379.8 |
|
22.04 |
|
Exercised | |
(666.4 |
) |
9.17 |
|
Forfeited/cancelled/expired | |
(544.3 |
) |
18.87 |
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2005 | |
6,762.2 |
|
15.99 |
|
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2005 | |
6,237.2 |
|
15.99 |
|
Exercisable at December 31, 2005 | |
3,533.5 |
|
13.05 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2005 | |
6,762.2 |
|
$ 15.99 |
|
Granted | |
600.5 |
|
17.40 |
|
Exercised | |
(519.4 |
) |
9.74 |
|
Forfeited/cancelled/expired | |
(979.9 |
) |
17.82 |
|
Outstanding at December 31, 2006 | |
5,863.4 |
|
16.38 |
|
6.34 |
|
20,447 |
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2006 | |
5,408.2 |
|
16.38 |
|
6.34 |
|
18,860 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2006 | |
3,639.9 |
|
14.48 |
|
5.68 |
|
17,986 |
The
aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value
(the difference between the Companys closing stock price on the last trading day of
the respective years and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money
options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders
exercised their options on December 31, 2006. This amount varies based on the fair market
value of the Companys stock. The total intrinsic value of options exercised for the
year ended December 31, 2006 was $3.7 million. The total fair value of options vested and
expensed was $4.8 million, net of tax, for the year ended December 31, 2006.
-85-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The
following table summarizes information concerning outstanding and exercisable options at
December 31, 2006:
|
Options Outstanding | |
Options Exercisable | |
Exercise Price Range | |
Shares (in 000s) | |
Weighted-average Exercise Price | |
Weighted-average Years Remaining | |
Shares (in 000s) | |
Weighted-average Exercise Price | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$0.92 to $5.75 |
|
12.7 |
|
$ 5.40 |
|
1.79 |
|
12.7 |
|
$ 5.40 |
|
$6.50 to $11.00 | |
1,041.8 |
|
8.42 |
|
5.01 |
|
912.6 |
|
8.28 |
|
$11.37 to $16.00 | |
1,588.6 |
|
12.37 |
|
5.50 |
|
1,466.2 |
|
12.40 |
|
$16.95 to $28.50 | |
3,220.3 |
|
20.97 |
|
7.20 |
|
1,248.4 |
|
21.53 |
|
| |
5,863.4 |
|
16.38 |
|
6.34 |
|
3,639.9 |
|
14.48 |
|
Nonvested
restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2006 and changes during the year ended December
31, 2006 were as follows:
|
Number of Shares
(in thousands) | |
Weighted-Average Grant
Date Fair Value | |
Nonvested at December 31, 2003 |
|
250.0 |
|
$ 12.30 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Granted | |
|
|
|
|
Vested | |
(62.5 |
) |
12.30 |
|
Forfeited |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nonvested at December 31, 2004 | |
187.5 |
|
$ 12.30 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Granted | |
47.5 |
|
25.00 |
|
Vested | |
(62.5 |
) |
12.30 |
|
Forfeited | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Nonvested at December 31, 2005 | |
172.5 |
|
$ 15.30 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Granted | |
235.3 |
|
17.30 |
|
Vested | |
(79.7 |
) |
13.52 |
|
Forfeited | |
(3.3 |
) |
17.48 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Nonvested at December 31, 2006 | |
324.8 |
|
17.42 |
|
As
of December 31, 2006, there was $4.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation
expense related to nonvested restricted stock awards. That cost is expected to be
recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years. As of December 31, 2006, there was
$13.4 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to
nonvested stock option awards. That cost is expected to be recognized over a
weighted-average period of 2.4 years.
-86-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Employee Stock Purchase
Plan
Effective
August 1, 2006, the Company terminated its Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Prior to
terminating the Plan the Company recognized approximately $150,000 in compensation expense
for this plan for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Consolidated
income before provision for income taxes consists of the following for the years ended
December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. |
|
$ 85,013 |
|
$ 70,344 |
|
$ 32,907 |
|
Foreign | |
37,128 |
|
48,607 |
|
19,769 |
|
Total | |
$ 122,141 |
|
$ 118,951 |
|
$ 52,676 |
|
The
provision for current and deferred taxes for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and
2006 consists of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal | |
$ (10,702 |
) |
$ 1,572 |
|
$ |
|
State | |
553 |
|
1,880 |
|
2,121 |
|
Foreign | |
21,742 |
|
21,495 |
|
24,407 |
|
| |
11,593 |
|
24,947 |
|
26,328 |
|
| |
Deferred | |
Federal | |
16,805 |
|
14,821 |
|
4,115 |
|
State | |
1,256 |
|
(278 |
) |
(1,767 |
) |
Foreign | |
14,813 |
|
5,428 |
|
(8,817 |
) |
| |
32,874 |
|
19,971 |
|
(6,469 |
) |
Provision for income taxes | |
$ 44,467 |
|
$ 44,918 |
|
$ 19,859 |
|
The
Companys foreign taxes paid are high relative to foreign operating income and the
Companys U.S. taxes paid are low relative to U.S. operating income due largely to
the flow of funds among the Companys Subsidiaries around the world. As payments for
services, management fees, license arrangements and royalties are made from the
Companys foreign affiliates to its U.S. corporate headquarters, these payments often
incur withholding and other forms of tax that are generally creditable for U.S. tax
purposes. Therefore, these payments lead to increased foreign effective tax rates and
lower U.S. effective tax rates. Variations (or shifts) occur in the Companys foreign
and U.S. effective tax rates from year to year depending on several factors including the
impact of global transfer prices and the timing and level of remittances from foreign
affiliates.
-87-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The
principal components of deferred taxes are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
Inventory differences | |
$ 3,303 |
|
$ 4,583 |
|
Stock-based compensation | |
|
|
3,079 |
|
Accrued expenses not deductible until paid | |
17,020 |
|
18,723 |
|
Withholding tax | |
1,428 |
|
931 |
|
Minimum tax credit | |
16,428 |
|
3,985 |
|
Net operating losses | |
6,767 |
|
11,368 |
|
Foreign outside basis in controlled foreign corporation | |
14,651 |
|
23,396 |
|
Capitalized research and development | |
15,087 |
|
17,609 |
|
Other | |
3,964 |
|
12,476 |
|
Gross deferred tax assets | |
78,648 |
|
96,150 |
|
Deferred tax liabilities: | |
Exchange gains and losses | |
9,164 |
|
9,639 |
|
Pharmanex intangibles step-up | |
15,009 |
|
14,480 |
|
Amortization of intangibles | |
3,325 |
|
4,066 |
|
Prepaid expenses | |
11,665 |
|
12,137 |
|
Other | |
6,003 |
|
2,692 |
|
Gross deferred tax liabilities | |
45,166 |
|
43,014 |
|
Valuation allowance | |
(2,214 |
) |
(1,481 |
) |
Deferred taxes, net | |
$ 31,268 |
|
$ 51,655 |
|
The components
of deferred taxes, net on a jurisdiction basis are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
Net current deferred tax assets |
|
$ 13,987 |
|
$ 21,294 |
|
Net noncurrent deferred tax assets | |
31,804 |
|
42,836 |
|
Total net deferred tax assets | |
45,791 |
|
64,130 |
|
|
|
|
|
Net current deferred tax liabilities | |
| |
4 |
Net noncurrent deferred tax liabilities | |
14,523 |
|
12,471 |
|
Total net deferred tax liabilities | |
14,523 |
|
12,475 |
|
Deferred taxes, net | |
$ 31,268 |
|
$ 51,655 |
|
The
Companys deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 were reduced by a
valuation allowance relating to tax benefits of certain foreign subsidiaries with
operating losses where it is more likely than not, that the deferred tax assets will not
be realized. The Company has available foreign net operating losses that began expiring at
the end of 2006. During 2006, the Company recorded an adjustment to deferred taxes and
additional paid in capital totaling $8.2 million related to the prior merger of companies
under common control. The reclassification had no impact on the Companys statements
of income or cash flows.
The
Company is subject to regular audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. These
audits may result in proposed assessments that may result in additional tax liabilities.
-88-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The
actual tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 compared to the
statutory U.S. Federal tax rate is as follows:
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
|
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
Income taxes at statutory rate |
|
35.00 |
% |
35.00 |
% |
35.00 |
% |
Foreign tax differential | |
3.11 |
|
|
|
|
|
Non-deductible expenses | |
.21 |
|
.55 |
|
.86 |
|
Branch remittance gains and losses | |
(.32 |
) |
.23 |
|
|
|
Permanently reinvested controlled foreign corporation income | |
(2.89 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Other | |
1.30 |
|
1.98 |
|
1.84 |
|
| |
36.41 |
% |
37.76 |
% |
37.70 |
% |
The
effective tax rate remained nearly constant between 2006 and 2005. The increase in the
effective tax rate in 2005 compared to 2004 was due to an increase in the amount of
nondeductible executive compensation, reconciliation of U.S. and foreign income tax
payable amounts and other nondeductible expenses related to equity compensation.
In
June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation Number 48 Accounting for Uncertainty
in Income Taxes an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109. The
interpretation contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax
positions accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 109. The first step is to evaluate the
tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates
it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including
resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to
measure the tax benefit as the largest amount which is more than 50% likely of being
realized upon ultimate settlement. The provisions are effective for the Company beginning
in the first quarter of 2007. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of FIN 48 on
its consolidated financial statements, but is not yet in a position to make this
determination.
13. |
|
Employee
Benefit Plan |
The
Company has a 401(k) defined contribution plan which permits participating employees to
defer up to a maximum of 15% of their compensation, subject to limitations established by
the Internal Revenue Code. Employees who work a minimum of 1,000 hours per year, who have
completed at least one year of service and who are 21 years of age or older are qualified
to participate in the plan. The Company matches 100% of the first 2% and 50% of the next
2% of each participants contributions to the plan. Participant contributions are
immediately vested. Company contributions vest based on the participants years of
service at 25% per year over four years. The Company recorded compensation expense of $1.3
million, $1.4 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and
2006, respectively, related to its contributions to the plan.
The
Company has a defined benefit pension plan for its employees in Japan. All employees of Nu
Skin Japan, after certain years of service, are entitled to pension plan benefits when
they terminate employment with Nu Skin Japan. The accrued pension liability was $4.4
million, $4.5 million and $5.0 million as of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006,
respectively. Although Nu Skin Japan has not specifically funded this obligation, Nu Skin
Japan believes it maintains adequate cash balances for this defined benefit pension plan.
The Company recorded pension expense of $0.8 million, $0.8 million and $1.0 million for
the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Beginning in 2006, this
plan is accounted for in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) Statement No. 158 Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit
Pension and Other Postretirement Plans an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88,
106, and 132(R) (SFAS 158). The adoption of SFAS 158 did not have a
material impact on the Companys consolidated financial statements.
-89-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
14. |
|
Executive
Deferred Compensation Plan |
The
Company has an executive deferred compensation plan for select management personnel. Under
this plan, the Company currently makes a contribution of up to 10% of each participants
salary. In addition, each participant has the option to defer a portion of their
compensation up to a maximum of 100% of their compensation. Participant contributions are
immediately vested. Company contributions vest based on the earlier of: (a) attaining 60
years of age; (b) continuous employment of 20 years; or (c) death or disability. The
Company recorded compensation expense of $0.7 million for the years ended December 31,
2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively, related to its contributions to the plan. The Company
had accrued $5.5 million and $6.3 million as of December 31, 2005 and 2006, respectively,
related to the Executive Deferred Compensation Plan.
15. |
|
Derivative
Financial Instruments |
At
December 31, 2005 and 2006, the Company held forward contracts designated as foreign
currency cash flow hedges with notional amounts totaling approximately $23.7 million and
$10.1 million, respectively, to hedge forecasted foreign-currency-denominated intercompany
transactions. All such contracts were denominated in Japanese yen. As of December 31, 2005
and 2006, $5.3 million of net unrealized gain and $0.2 million of net unrealized gain, net
of related taxes, respectively, were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. The
contracts held at December 31, 2006, have maturities through December 2007, and
accordingly, all unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency cash flow hedges included
in accumulated other comprehensive loss will be recognized in current earnings over the
next 12 months. The pre-tax net (losses)/gains on foreign currency cash flow hedges
recorded in current earnings were ($5.0 million), ($0.3 million) and $3.3 million for the
years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
During
2004, 2005 and 2006, the Company did not have any gains or losses related to hedging
ineffectiveness. Additionally, no component of gains and losses was excluded from the
assessment of hedging effectiveness. During 2004, 2005 and 2006, the Company did not have
any gains or losses reclassified into earnings as a result of the discontinuance of cash
flow hedges.
16. |
|
Supplemental
Cash Flow Information |
Cash
paid for interest totaled $4.6 million, $5.6 million and $5.6 million for the years ended
December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Cash paid for income taxes totaled $7.3
million, $15.9 million and $19.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and
2006, respectively. The increase in cash paid for income taxes in 2005, compared to prior
years, was due primarily to the timing of tax payments in foreign jurisdictions.
-90-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The
Company operates in a single operating segment by selling products to a global network of
independent distributors that operates in a seamless manner from market to market, except
for its operations in Mainland China. In Mainland China, the Company utilizes an employed
sales force to sell its products through fixed retail locations. Selling expenses are the
Companys largest expense comprised of the commissions to its worldwide independent
distributors as well as remuneration to its Mainland China sales employees paid on product
sales. The Company manages its business primarily by managing its global sales force. The
Company does not use profitability reports on a regional or divisional basis for making
business decisions. However, the Company does recognize revenue in five geographic
regions: North Asia, Greater China, Americas, South Asia/Pacific and Europe.
Revenue
generated in each of these regions is set forth below (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
Revenue: |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
North Asia |
|
$ 640,110 |
|
$ 649,377 |
|
$ 593,789 |
|
Greater China | |
229,802 |
|
236,681 |
|
208,226 |
|
Americas | |
147,568 |
|
162,174 |
|
165,908 |
|
South Asia/Pacific | |
81,742 |
|
86,673 |
|
88,017 |
|
Europe | |
36,642 |
|
46,025 |
|
59,469 |
|
Total | |
$ 1,137,864 |
|
$ 1,180,930 |
|
$ 1,115,409 |
|
Revenue generated
by each of the Companys three product lines is set forth below (U.S. dollars in
thousands):
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
Revenue: |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
Pharmanex |
|
$ 567,190 |
|
$ 667,671 |
|
$ 632,705 |
|
Nu Skin | |
548,052 |
|
484,281 |
|
454,480 |
|
Big Planet | |
22,622 |
|
28,978 |
|
28,224 |
|
Total | |
$ 1,137,864 |
|
$ 1,180,930 |
|
$ 1,115,409 |
|
Additional
information as to the Companys operations in the most significant geographical areas
is set forth below (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
Year Ended December 31, |
|
Revenue: |
2004 | |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
Japan |
|
$ 579,504 |
|
$ 562,031 |
|
$ 476,466 |
|
United States | |
135,710 |
|
144,555 |
|
147,090 |
|
Korea | |
65,741 |
|
87,346 |
|
117,323 |
|
Taiwan | |
82,773 |
|
92,412 |
|
93,159 |
|
Mainland China | |
105,576 |
|
102,214 |
|
70,492 |
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
Long-lived assets: |
| |
2005 | |
2006 | |
|
|
|
|
Japan |
|
|
|
$ 14,234 |
|
$ 11,902 |
|
United States | |
|
|
37,235 |
|
43,520 |
|
Korea | |
|
|
1,879 |
|
1,274 |
|
Taiwan | |
|
|
1,562 |
|
2,686 |
|
Mainland China | |
|
|
15,104 |
|
13,724 |
|
-91-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
18. |
|
Impairment
of assets and other |
During
the first half of 2006, the Company recorded impairment and other charges of $20.8
million, primarily relating to its first generation BioPhotonic Scanners. In February
2006, as a result of the Companys launch of and transition to its second generation
BioPhotonic Scanner, the Company determined it was necessary to write down the book value
of the existing inventory of the prior model of the Scanner. The impairment charges
relating to the Scanner recorded during the quarter ended March 31, 2006 totaled $19.0
million.
In
addition, during the quarter ended March 31, 2006, the Company completed a settlement
agreement with Razorstream, a service provider of video content for our digital product
category, to terminate its purchase commitments for video technology for approximately
$1.8 million.
19. |
|
Restructuring
and other charges |
During
the first half of 2006, the Company recorded restructuring and other charges of $11.1
million, primarily relating to its restructuring initiative designed to (i) eliminate
organizational redundancies, (ii) revamp administrative support functions, (iii)
prioritize investments to favor profitable initiatives and markets, and (iv) increase
efficiencies in the supply chain process. As a result, the Companys overall
headcount was reduced by approximately 225 employees, the majority of which related to the
elimination of positions at the Companys U.S. headquarters. These expenses consisted
primarily of severance and other charges and had all been paid as of December 31, 2006.
20. |
|
Commitments
and Contingencies |
The
Company is subject to governmental regulations pertaining to product formulation, labeling
and packaging, product claims and advertising and to the Companys direct selling
system. The Company is also subject to the jurisdiction of numerous foreign tax and
customs authorities. Any assertions or determination that either the Company or the
Companys distributors is not in compliance with existing statutes, laws, rules or
regulations could potentially have a material adverse effect on the Companys
operations. In addition, in any country or jurisdiction, the adoption of new statutes,
laws, rules or regulations or changes in the interpretation of existing statutes, laws,
rules or regulations could have a material adverse effect on the Company and its
operations. Although management believes that the Company is in compliance, in all
material respects, with the statutes, laws, rules and regulations of every jurisdiction in
which it operates, no assurance can be given that the Companys compliance with
applicable statutes, laws, rules and regulations will not be challenged by foreign
authorities or that such challenges will not have a material adverse effect on the
Companys financial position or results of operations or cash flows. The Company and
its Subsidiaries are defendants in litigation and proceedings involving various matters.
In the opinion of the Companys management, based upon advice of its counsel handling
such litigation and proceedings, adverse outcomes, if any, will not likely result in a
material effect on the Companys consolidated financial condition, results of
operations or cash flows.
-92-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The
Company is subject to regular audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. These
audits may result in additional tax liabilities. The Company accounts for such contingent
liabilities in accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies and
believes it has appropriately provided for income taxes for all years. Several factors
drive the calculation of our tax reserves. Some of these factors include: (i) the
expiration of various statutes of limitations; (ii) changes in tax law and regulations;
(iii) issuance of tax rulings; and (iv) settlements with tax authorities. Changes in any
of these factors may result in adjustments to the Companys reserves, which would
impact its reported financial results.
In
June 2006, the FASB issued FIN 48, which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in tax
positions. FIN 48 requires that the Company recognize the impact of a tax position in
the Companys financial statements if that position is more likely than not of being
sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. The provisions of
FIN 48 are effective as of the beginning of the Companys 2007 fiscal year, with
the cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle recorded as an adjustment to
opening retained earnings. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of FIN 48 on its
consolidated financial statements, but is not yet in a position to make this
determination.
Due to the international nature of
the Company's business, the Company is subject from time to time to reviews and audits by the foreign taxing authorities of the various jurisdictions in which it
conducts business throughout the world. In 1999, the Company implemented a duty valuation methodology with respect to the importation of certain
products into Japan. For purposes of the import transactions at issue, the Company had taken the position that,
under applicable customs law, there was a sale between the manufacturer and the Company's
Japan subsidiary, and that customs duties should be assessed on the manufacturer's invoice. The Valuation Department of the Yokohama customs
authorities reviewed and approved this methodology at that time, and it had been reviewed on several occasions by the audit division of the
Japan customs authorities since then. In connection with subsequent audits in 2004, the Yokohama customs authorities assessed the Company additional
duties and penalties on these products imported into Japan from October 2002 to October 2004, based on a different valuation methodology than
what was previously approved. With respect to the periods under audit, the customs authorities took the position that the relevant import
transaction involved a sale between the Company's U.S.
affiliate and its Japan subsidiary and that duties should be assessed on the value of that transaction.
The Company disputed this assessment. The Company also
disputed the amount of duties we were required to pay on products imported from November of 2004 to June of 2005 for similar reasons. The
total amount assessed or in dispute is approximately $25.0 million, net of any recovery of consumption taxes. Effective July 1, 2005, the Company
implemented some modifications to the Company's business structure in Japan and in the United States that the Company believes will eliminate any further customs
valuation disputes with respect to product imports in Japan after that time.
Because the Company believes the documentation and legal analysis supports its position and the valuation
methodology it used with respect to the
products in dispute had been reviewed and approved by the customs authorities in Japan,
the Company believes the assessments are improper and it filed
letters of protest with Yokohama customs with respect to this entire amount. Yokohama customs rejected
the Company's letters of protest, and to follow
proper administrative procedures the Company filed appeals with the Japan Ministry of Finance. On June 26, 2006,
the Company was advised that the Ministry of
Finance had rejected the appeals filed with their office relating to the imports from October 2002 to October 2004.
The Company decided to appeal this
issue through the judicial court system in Japan, and on December 22, 2006 it filed a complaint with the Tokyo District Court Civil Action Section
with respect to this period. In January 2007, the Company was advised that the Ministry of Finance also rejected its appeal with
them for the imports from November 2004 to June
2005. The Company currently plans
to appeal this decision with the court system in Japan as well. One of the findings cited by the
Ministry of Finance in its decisions was that the Company had treated the transactions as sales between its U.S.
affiliate and its Japan subsidiary on its corporate income tax return under applicable income tax and
transfer pricing laws. The Company has paid the $25.0 million in customs duties and assessments, the amount of
which it recorded in "Other Assets" in its Consolidated Balance Sheet. To the extent that the Company is unsuccessful in recovering the amounts
assessed and paid, it will be required to take a corresponding charge to its earnings.
In Taiwan, the Company is currently
subject to an audit by tax authorities with respect to the deductibility of distributor
commission expenses in that market. In order to avoid the running of the statute of
limitations with respect to the 1999 and 2000 tax years, the Taiwan tax authorities have
disallowed the Companys commission expense deductions for those years and assessed
the Company a total of approximately $18.7 million. At this stage of the discussions, the
Company is not required to pay the amount of tax under dispute. The Company is contesting
this assessment and is in discussions with the tax authorities in an effort to resolve
this matter. Based on its understanding of this matter, management does not believe that
it is probable that the Company will incur a loss relating to this matter and accordingly
has not provided any related reserves.
-93-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
21. |
|
Purchase
of LongTerm Assets |
In
March 2002, the Company acquired the exclusive rights to a new light-source technology
related to measuring the level of certain antioxidants. The acquisition included
contingent payments of up to $8.5 million of cash and up to 1.2 million shares of the
Companys Class A common stock if certain development and revenue targets were met.
In 2004, some of these specific development and revenue targets were met resulting in
contingent payments owed of approximately $5.1 million of cash (of which $1.8 million was
paid during the first quarter of 2005) and 525,000 shares (of which 262,500 shares were
issued in 2005) of the Companys Class A common stock. In 2005, all remaining targets
were met and the total payments of $8.5 million of cash and the value of the 1.2 million
shares of stock have been added to the carrying value of other finite-lived intangible
assets.
On
March 7, 2006, the Company acquired Caroderm, Inc. for $4.0 million. As a result of the
acquisition, the Company acquired Caroderms license to use the Scanner technology
within the professional medical community. As the sole asset of Caroderm was its license
and field of use rights with respect to the Scanner technology, all the consideration paid
was allocated to that asset and is being amortized over the period of the remaining
license agreements related to the Scanner technology. As of December 31, 2006, the Company
had paid approximately $2.0 million of the purchase price and anticipates paying the
remaining balance within the next year.
Quarterly
cash dividends for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 totaled $25.4 million and
$27.8 million, respectively. In February 2006, the board of directors declared a quarterly
cash dividend of $0.105 per share for all classes of common stock to be paid on March 21,
2007 to stockholders of record on March 2, 2007.
The
following table sets forth selected unaudited quarterly data for the periods shown (U.S.
dollars in millions, except per share amounts):
|
2006 | |
2005 | |
|
1st
Quarter | |
2nd
Quarter | |
3rd
Quarter | |
4th
Quarter | |
1st
Quarter | |
2nd
Quarter | |
3rd
Quarter
| |
4th Quarter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue |
|
$ 289.3 |
|
$ 310.1 |
|
$ 290.8 |
|
$ 290.7 |
|
$ 265.8 |
|
$ 284.1 |
|
$ 276.3 |
|
$ 289.2 |
|
Gross profit | |
239.7 |
|
256.1 |
|
239.3 |
|
239.7 |
|
218.8 |
|
235.7 |
|
228.0 |
|
237.8 |
|
Operating income | |
28.8 |
|
37.0 |
|
30.0 |
|
27.3 |
|
(15.5 |
) |
23.9 |
|
21.0 |
|
25.3 |
|
Net income | |
17.7 |
|
22.8 |
|
17.7 |
|
15.8 |
|
(10.3 |
) |
14.1 |
|
13.2 |
|
15.9 |
|
Net income per share: | |
Basic | |
0.25 |
|
0.33 |
|
0.25 |
|
0.22 |
|
(0.15 |
) |
0.20 |
|
0.19 |
|
0.23 |
|
Diluted | |
0.25 |
|
0.32 |
|
0.25 |
|
0.22 |
|
(0.15 |
) |
0.20 |
|
0.19 |
|
0.23 |
|
-94-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
On
January 19, 2007, the Company issued a series of U.S. Dollar denominated senior promissory
notes (the Notes) to affiliates of Prudential Investment Management, Inc.
(Prudential). The Notes were issued pursuant to the $205 million Private Shelf
Agreement entered into between the Company and Prudential on August 26, 2003, as amended
from time to time. The
aggregate principal amount of the Notes is $40.0 million, bearing a 6.14% interest rate
per annum, with interest payable semi-annually beginning on July 20, 2007. The final
maturity date of the Notes is January 20, 2017 and principal payments are required
annually beginning on January 20, 2011 in equal installments of approximately $5.7
million.
-95-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent
Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.:
We have completed integrated audits
of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.'s consolidated financial statements and of its internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, in accordance with the standards
of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Our opinions, based on
our audits, are presented below.
Consolidated financial
statements
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated
balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income, of stockholders
equity and comprehensive income and of cash flows present fairly, in all material
respects, the financial position of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and its subsidiaries at
December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006 in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial
statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is
to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our
audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit of financial statements includes examining, on
a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
As discussed in Note 2 to the
consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for
stock-based compensation in 2006.
Internal
control over financial reporting
Also, in our opinion,
managements assessment, included in the accompanying Management Report on Internal
Control over Financial Reporting appearing in Item 9A, that the Company maintained
effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006 based on
criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), is fairly stated,
in all material respects, based on those criteria. Furthermore, in our opinion, the
Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on criteria established in Internal Control
Integrated Framework issued by the COSO. The Companys management is
responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for
its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our
responsibility is to express opinions on managements assessment and on the
effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting based on our
audit. We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance
with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about
whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material
respects. An audit of internal control over financial reporting includes obtaining an
understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating managements
assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal
control, and performing such other procedures as we consider necessary in the
circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinions.
-96-
A companys internal control
over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for
external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A
companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and
procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail,
accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the
company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as
necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are
being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the
company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets
that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations,
internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also,
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk
that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree
of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Salt Lake City, Utah
March 1, 2007
-97-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
ITEM 9. |
|
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
None.
ITEM 9A. |
|
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Evaluation
of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Under the supervision and with the
participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure
controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act)). Disclosure controls and procedures
are the controls and other procedures that we designed to ensure that we record, process,
summarize and report in a timely manner the information we must disclose in reports that
we file with or submit to the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Exchange Act.
Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer
concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the
period covered by this report.
Changes
in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. During the fourth quarter of 2006,
there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is
defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management
Report On Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our management is
responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial
reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under
the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal
executive and principal financial officers and effected by our board of directors,
management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability
of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes
in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in this United States of
America and includes those policies and procedures that:
|
|
|
pertain
to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect
the transactions and dispositions of our assets; |
|
|
|
provide
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of
financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in
accordance with authorization of management and directors; and |
|
|
|
provide
reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized
acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the
financial statements. |
Because
of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or
detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future
periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in
conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may
deteriorate.
-98-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Under
the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal
executive and principal financial officers, we assessed, as of December 31, 2006, the
effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This assessment was based
on criteria established in the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on
our assessment, our management concluded that our internal control over financial
reporting was effective as of December 31, 2006.
Our
assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2006 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent
registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included in this
Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 9B. |
|
OTHER
INFORMATION |
None.
PART III
The
information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III is hereby incorporated by
reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement filed or to be filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission for our 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
PART IV
ITEM 15. |
|
EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES |
Documents filed as part of this Form
10-K:
|
1. |
|
Financial Statements. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
under Item 8 of Part II. |
|
2. |
|
Financial Statement Schedules. See Index to Consolidated Financial
Statements under Item 8 of Part II. |
|
3. |
|
Exhibits. References to the "Company" shall mean Nu Skin
Enterprises, Inc. Exhibits preceded by an astrick (*) are management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements. |
-99-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
3.1 |
|
Amended
and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-12073) (the "Form S-1")). |
3.2 |
|
Certificate
of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
3.3 |
|
Certificate
of Designation, Preferences and Relative Participating, Optional and Other Special Rights
of Preferred Stock and Qualification, Limitations and
Restrictions Thereof (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2004). |
3.4 |
|
Amended
and Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the
Company's Form S-1). |
4.1 |
|
Specimen
Form of Stock Certificate for Class A Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-3
(File No. 333-90716)). |
4.2 |
|
Specimen
Form of Stock Certificate for Class B Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.2 to the Company's Form S-1). |
10.1 |
|
Note
Purchase Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company and The Prudential
Insurance Company of America (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2005). |
10.2 |
|
First
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement between the Company and The Prudential Insurance
Company of America dated May 1, 2002 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit No. 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.3 |
|
Second
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2003 between the Company
and The Prudential Insurance Company of America
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
10.4 |
|
Third
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 18, 2004, between the Company and
The Prudential Insurance Company of America (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004). |
-100-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
10.5 |
|
Fourth
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2006, between the Company and
The Prudential Insurance Company of America (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form
8-K filed on August 23, 2006). |
10.6 |
|
Fifth
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2006, between the Company
and The Prudential Insurance Company of America
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form
8-K filed on October 10, 2006). |
10.7 |
|
Credit
Agreement dated as of May 10, 2001 among the Company, various financial institutions, and
Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent. |
10.8 |
|
First
Amendment to the Credit Agreement dated December 14, 2001 dated May 10, 2001 among the
Company, various financial institutions, and Bank of
America, N.A. as Administrative Agent. |
10.9 |
|
Second
Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 22, 2003 between the Company, various
financial institutions, and Bank of America, N.A. as
Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2003). |
10.10 |
|
Third
Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated as of May 10, 2004, among the Company, various
financial institutions, and Bank One, N.A. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004). |
10.11 |
|
Fourth
Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2006, among the Company, various
financial institutions, and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (as
successor to Bank One, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
99.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on
August 23, 2006). |
10.12 |
|
Fifth
Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2006, among the Company,
various financial institutions, and JP Morgan Chase Bank,
N.A. (as successor to Bank One, N.A.) (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 99.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on October 10, 2006). |
10.13 |
|
Private
Shelf Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2003, between the Company and
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. (the "Private Shelf
Agreement") (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 2003). |
10.14 |
|
First
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2003 between the Company
and Prudential Investment Management, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.53 to the Company's Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
-101-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
10.15 |
|
Second
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of May 18, 2004, between the Company,
Prudential Investment Management, Inc., and the holders of
the Series A Senior Notes and Series B Senior Notes issued under the Private
Shelf Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3
to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 2004). |
10.16 |
|
Third
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement dated June 13, 2005 between the Company, Prudential
Investment Management, Inc. and certain other lenders
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005). |
10.17 |
|
Fourth
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement dated July 28, 2006 between the Company, Prudential
Investment Management, Inc. and certain other lenders
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current
Report on Form 8-K filed on August 23, 2006). |
10.18 |
|
Fifth
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement dated October 5, 2006 between the Company,
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain other
lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Company's Current
Report on Form 8-K filed on October 10, 2006). |
10.19 |
|
Series
A Senior Notes Nos. A-1 to A-5 and Series B Senior Notes B-1 to B-5 issued October 31,
2003 by the Company to Prudential Investment Management,
Inc. and/or its affiliates pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2003). |
10.20 |
|
Series
C Senior Notes Nos. C-1 and C-2 issued February 7, 2005 by the Company to Prudential
Investment Management, Inc. and/or its affiliates pursuant
to the Private Shelf Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to
the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 8,
2005). |
10.21 |
|
Series
D Senior Notes Nos. D-1, D-2, D-3 and D-4 issued October 5, 2006 by the Company to
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and/or its affiliates
pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 99.4 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed October 10, 2006). |
10.22 |
|
Series
E Senior Notes Nos. E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4 and E-5 issued January 19, 2007 by the Company to
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and/or its affiliates
pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K filed January 25, 2007). |
10.23 |
|
Pledge
Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company and State Street Bank and
Trust Company of California, N.A., acting in its capacity as
collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2005). |
-102-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
10.24 |
|
Pledge
Amendments executed by the Company dated December 31, 2003 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.5 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2003). |
10.25 |
|
Pledge
Agreement dated as of January 31, 2005 by and among Nu Skin Asia Investment, Inc., a
wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and U.S. Bank
National Association, as agent for and on behalf of the Benefited Parties
under the Amended and Restated Collateral Agency and
Intercreditor Agreement (referred to below) (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K/A filed on March 10, 2005). |
10.26 |
|
Collateral
Agency Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company, State Street Bank
and Trust Company of California, N.A., as Collateral Agent,
and the lenders and noteholders party thereto (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005). |
10.27 |
|
Amendment
to Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement dated May 10, 2000, among State Street
Bank and Trust Company of California, N.A., as Collateral
Agent, The Prudential Insurance Company of America, as Senior
Noteholder and ABN AMRO Bank N.V., as Senior Lender. |
10.28 |
|
Amended
and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2003,
by and among Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and various of its
subsidiaries, U.S. Bank National Association, as Collateral Agent, and
various lending institutions (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit No. 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
10.29 |
|
Master
Lease Agreement dated January 16th 2003 by and between the Company and Scrub Oak, LLC
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002). |
10.30 |
|
Amendment
No. 1 to the Master Lease Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2003, between Nu Skin
International Inc. and Scrub Oak, LLC (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for
the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
10.31 |
|
Master
Lease Agreement dated January 16, 2003 by and between the Company and Aspen Country, LLC
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
10.32 |
|
Amendment
No. 1 to the Master Lease Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2003, between Nu Skin
International Inc. and Aspen Country, LLC (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
-103-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
10.33 |
|
Univerisity of Utah Research Foundation
and Nu Skin International, Inc. Amended and Restated Patent License Agreement (Exclusive) Dietary Supplement
Preventative Healthcare License dated July 1, 2006. |
10.34 |
|
Agreement
and Plan of Merger among Nu Skin International, Inc., Pharmanex License Acquisition
Corporation, Caroderm, Inc. and certain shareholders of
Caroderm, Inc. dated as of March 7, 2006 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.58 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A
filed March 17, 2006). |
10.35 |
|
Letter
of Agreement dated September 5, 2006 between Orrin T. Colby, III, Cygnus Resources, Inc.
and Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed
September 7, 2006). |
10.36 |
|
Form
of Lock-up Agreement executed by certain of the Company's shareholders (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K filed November 10, 2003). |
*10.37 |
|
Form
of Indemnification Agreement to be entered into between the Company and certain of its
officers and directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
June 30, 2005). |
*10.38 |
|
Amendment
in Total and Complete Restatement of Deferred Compensation Plan. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004). |
*10.39 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan dated December 12, 2005 (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report
on Form 8-K filed December 19, 2005). |
*10.40 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Trust dated December 12, 2005
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 19, 2005). |
*10.41 |
|
Second
Amended and Restated Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 1996 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005). . *10.42 Amendment
No. 1 to the Second Amended and Restated Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 1996 Stock Incentive
Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
March 31, 2003). |
*10.42 |
|
Form
of Master Stock Option Agreement (1996 Plan) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44
to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2002). |
*10.43 |
|
Form
of Stock Option Agreement for Directors (1996 Plan). |
-104-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
*10.44 |
|
Form
of Contingent Stock Award Agreement for Directors (1996 Plan) (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.55 to the Company's Annual Report on Form
10-K/A filed for the year ended December 31, 2005). |
*10.45 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on June 1, 2006). |
*10.46 |
|
Form
of Master Stock Option Agreement (2006 Plan) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10
to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarterly period ended September 30, 2006). |
*10.47 |
|
Form
of Master Stock Option Agreement for Directors (2006 Plan). |
*10.48 |
|
Form
of Master Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (2006 Plan) (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.11 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarterly period ended
September 30, 2006). |
*10.49 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2005 Executive Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed February 9, 2005). |
*10.50 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2006 Senior Executive Incentive Plan (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K filed on June 1, 2006). |
*10.51 |
|
Performance Targets and Formulas (approved under the 2006
Senior Executive Incentive Plan). |
*10.52 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. Senior Executive Benefits Policy (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended June 30, 2005). |
*10.53 |
|
Summary
Description of Nu Skin Japan Director Retirement Allowance Plan. |
*10.54 |
|
Nu
Skin International, Inc. 1997 Key Employee Death Benefit Plan (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.59 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
*10.55 |
|
Summary
of Team Elite Travel Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31,
2005). |
*10.56 |
|
Employment
Letter with Truman Hunt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2002). |
-105-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
*10.57 |
|
Amendment
to Employment Letter with M. Truman Hunt dated September 22, 2005 and Amendment to
provisions of the Company's Executive Incentive Plan with
respect to Mr. Hunt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter
ended September 30, 2005). |
*10.58 |
|
CEO
compensation changes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March
31, 2006). |
*10.59 |
|
Restricted
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 17, 2003, between the Company and Truman
Hunt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2003). |
*10.60 |
|
Employment
Letter with Robert Conlee effective November 26, 2003 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2003). |
*10.61 |
|
Joseph
Y. Chang Employment Agreement dated April 17, 2006 between Mr. Chang and the Company
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Company's current report on Form 8-K
filed on April 18, 2006). |
*10.62 |
|
Daniel
Chard Employment Agreement effective February 13, 2006 between Mr. Chard and the Company. |
*10.63 |
|
Summary
of Non-management Director compensation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to
the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year
ended December 31, 2005). |
*10.64 |
|
Summary
of Non-management Director compensation (revised effective year 2007). |
*10.65 |
|
Severance
letter with Richard King dated March 2, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.59
to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year
ended December 31, 2005). |
*10.66 |
|
Severance
letter with Lori Bush dated March 10, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.60 to
the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year
ended December 31, 2005). |
*10.67 |
|
Settlement
and Release Agreement with Lori Bush dated April 20, 2006 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 2006). |
*10.68 |
|
Event Appearance Bonus Guidelines (Approved for Sandra Tillotson in October 2006) |
21.1 |
|
Subsidiaries
of the Company. |
23.1 |
|
Consent
of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
31.1 |
|
Certification
by M. Truman Hunt, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
-106-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
31.2 |
|
Certification
by Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.1 |
|
Certification
by M. Truman Hunt, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 1350,
Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.2 |
|
Certification
by Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title
18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
-107-
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned,
thereunto duly authorized on March 31, 2007.
|
|
|
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
|
|
|
|
By: /s/ M.
Truman Hunt
M. Truman Hunt,
Chief Executive Officer
|
Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in
the capacities indicated on March 1, 2007.
Signatures | |
Capacity in Which Signed | |
| |
| |
/s/ Blake M. Roney |
|
|
|
Blake M. Roney | |
Chairman of the Board | |
| |
| |
/s/ M. Truman Hunt | |
Chief Executive Officer and Director | |
M. Truman Hunt | |
(Principal Executive Officer) | |
| |
| |
/s/ Ritch N. Wood | |
Chief Financial Officer | |
Ritch N. Wood | |
(Principal Financial Officer and Accounting Officer) | |
| |
| |
/s/ Sandra N. Tillotson | |
Sandra N. Tillotson | |
Senior Vice President, Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ Steven J. Lund | |
Steven J. Lund | |
Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ Daniel W. Campbell | |
Daniel W. Campbell | |
Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ E. J. "Jake" Garn | |
E. J. "Jake" Garn | |
Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ Paula F. Hawkins | |
Paula F. Hawkins | |
Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ Andrew D. Lipman | |
Andrew D. Lipman | |
Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ D. Allen Andersen | |
D. Allen Andersen | |
Director | |
| |
| |
/s/ Patricia Negrón | |
Patricia Negrón | |
Director | |
-108-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
3.1 |
|
Amended
and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-12073) (the "Form S-1")). |
3.2 |
|
Certificate
of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
3.3 |
|
Certificate
of Designation, Preferences and Relative Participating, Optional and Other Special Rights
of Preferred Stock and Qualification, Limitations and
Restrictions Thereof (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2004). |
3.4 |
|
Amended
and Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the
Company's Form S-1). |
4.1 |
|
Specimen
Form of Stock Certificate for Class A Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-3
(File No. 333-90716)). |
4.2 |
|
Specimen
Form of Stock Certificate for Class B Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
4.2 to the Company's Form S-1). |
10.1 |
|
Note
Purchase Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company and The Prudential
Insurance Company of America (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2005). |
10.2 |
|
First
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement between the Company and The Prudential Insurance
Company of America dated May 1, 2002 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit No. 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended June 30, 2002). |
10.3 |
|
Second
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2003 between the Company
and The Prudential Insurance Company of America
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
10.4 |
|
Third
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 18, 2004, between the Company and
The Prudential Insurance Company of America (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004). |
-109-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
10.5 |
|
Fourth
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2006, between the Company and
The Prudential Insurance Company of America (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form
8-K filed on August 23, 2006). |
10.6 |
|
Fifth
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2006, between the Company
and The Prudential Insurance Company of America
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form
8-K filed on October 10, 2006). |
10.7 |
|
Credit
Agreement dated as of May 10, 2001 among the Company, various financial institutions, and
Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent. |
10.8 |
|
First
Amendment to the Credit Agreement dated December 14, 2001 dated May 10, 2001 among the
Company, various financial institutions, and Bank of
America, N.A. as Administrative Agent. |
10.9 |
|
Second
Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 22, 2003 between the Company, various
financial institutions, and Bank of America, N.A. as
Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2003). |
10.10 |
|
Third
Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated as of May 10, 2004, among the Company, various
financial institutions, and Bank One, N.A. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004). |
10.11 |
|
Fourth
Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2006, among the Company, various
financial institutions, and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (as
successor to Bank One, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
99.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on
August 23, 2006). |
10.12 |
|
Fifth
Amendment to the Credit Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2006, among the Company,
various financial institutions, and JP Morgan Chase Bank,
N.A. (as successor to Bank One, N.A.) (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 99.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on October 10, 2006). |
10.13 |
|
Private
Shelf Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2003, between the Company and
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. (the "Private Shelf
Agreement") (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 2003). |
10.14 |
|
First
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2003 between the Company
and Prudential Investment Management, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.53 to the Company's Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
-110-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
10.15 |
|
Second
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of May 18, 2004, between the Company,
Prudential Investment Management, Inc., and the holders of
the Series A Senior Notes and Series B Senior Notes issued under the Private
Shelf Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3
to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarter ended June 30, 2004). |
10.16 |
|
Third
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement dated June 13, 2005 between the Company, Prudential
Investment Management, Inc. and certain other lenders
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005). |
10.17 |
|
Fourth
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement dated July 28, 2006 between the Company, Prudential
Investment Management, Inc. and certain other lenders
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current
Report on Form 8-K filed on August 23, 2006). |
10.18 |
|
Fifth
Amendment to Private Shelf Agreement dated October 5, 2006 between the Company,
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain other
lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Company's Current
Report on Form 8-K filed on October 10, 2006). |
10.19 |
|
Series
A Senior Notes Nos. A-1 to A-5 and Series B Senior Notes B-1 to B-5 issued October 31,
2003 by the Company to Prudential Investment Management,
Inc. and/or its affiliates pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2003). |
10.20 |
|
Series
C Senior Notes Nos. C-1 and C-2 issued February 7, 2005 by the Company to Prudential
Investment Management, Inc. and/or its affiliates pursuant
to the Private Shelf Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to
the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 8,
2005). |
10.21 |
|
Series
D Senior Notes Nos. D-1, D-2, D-3 and D-4 issued October 5, 2006 by the Company to
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and/or its affiliates
pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 99.4 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed October 10, 2006). |
10.22 |
|
Series
E Senior Notes Nos. E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4 and E-5 issued January 19, 2007 by the Company to
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and/or its affiliates
pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K filed January 25, 2007). |
10.23 |
|
Pledge
Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company and State Street Bank and
Trust Company of California, N.A., acting in its capacity as
collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2005). |
-111-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
10.24 |
|
Pledge
Amendments executed by the Company dated December 31, 2003 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.5 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2003). |
10.25 |
|
Pledge
Agreement dated as of January 31, 2005 by and among Nu Skin Asia Investment, Inc., a
wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and U.S. Bank
National Association, as agent for and on behalf of the Benefited Parties
under the Amended and Restated Collateral Agency and
Intercreditor Agreement (referred to below) (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K/A filed on March 10, 2005). |
10.26 |
|
Collateral
Agency Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company, State Street Bank
and Trust Company of California, N.A., as Collateral Agent,
and the lenders and noteholders party thereto (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005). |
10.27 |
|
Amendment
to Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement dated May 10, 2000, among State Street
Bank and Trust Company of California, N.A., as Collateral
Agent, The Prudential Insurance Company of America, as Senior
Noteholder and ABN AMRO Bank N.V., as Senior Lender. |
10.28 |
|
Amended
and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2003,
by and among Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and various of its
subsidiaries, U.S. Bank National Association, as Collateral Agent, and
various lending institutions (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit No. 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
10.29 |
|
Master
Lease Agreement dated January 16th 2003 by and between the Company and Scrub Oak, LLC
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002). |
10.30 |
|
Amendment
No. 1 to the Master Lease Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2003, between Nu Skin
International Inc. and Scrub Oak, LLC (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for
the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
10.31 |
|
Master
Lease Agreement dated January 16, 2003 by and between the Company and Aspen Country, LLC
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
10.32 |
|
Amendment
No. 1 to the Master Lease Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2003, between Nu Skin
International Inc. and Aspen Country, LLC (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended September 30, 2003). |
-112-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
10.33 |
|
Univerisity of Utah Research Foundation
and Nu Skin International, Inc. Amended and Restated Patent License Agreement (Exclusive) dated July 1, 2006. |
10.34 |
|
Agreement
and Plan of Merger among Nu Skin International, Inc., Pharmanex License Acquisition
Corporation, Caroderm, Inc. and certain shareholders of
Caroderm, Inc. dated as of March 7, 2006 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.58 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A
filed March 17, 2006). |
10.35 |
|
Letter
of Agreement dated September 5, 2006 between Orrin T. Colby, III, Cygnus Resources, Inc.
and Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed
September 7, 2006). |
10.36 |
|
Form
of Lock-up Agreement executed by certain of the Company's shareholders (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K filed November 10, 2003). |
*10.37 |
|
Form
of Indemnification Agreement to be entered into between the Company and certain of its
officers and directors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
June 30, 2005). |
*10.38 |
|
Amendment
in Total and Complete Restatement of Deferred Compensation Plan. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.34 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004). |
*10.39 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan dated December 12, 2005 (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report
on Form 8-K filed December 19, 2005). |
*10.40 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Trust dated December 12, 2005
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 19, 2005). |
*10.41 |
|
Second
Amended and Restated Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 1996 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company's Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005). . *10.42 Amendment
No. 1 to the Second Amended and Restated Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 1996 Stock Incentive
Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
March 31, 2003). |
*10.42 |
|
Form
of Master Stock Option Agreement (1996 Plan) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44
to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2002). |
*10.43 |
|
Form
of Stock Option Agreement for Directors (1996 Plan). |
-113-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
*10.44 |
|
Form
of Contingent Stock Award Agreement for Directors (1996 Plan) (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.55 to the Company's Annual Report on Form
10-K/A filed for the year ended December 31, 2005). |
*10.45 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on June 1, 2006). |
*10.46 |
|
Form
of Master Stock Option Agreement (2006 Plan) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10
to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarterly period ended September 30, 2006). |
*10.47 |
|
Form
of Master Stock Option Agreement for Directors (2006 Plan). |
*10.48 |
|
Form
of Master Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (2006 Plan) (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.11 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarterly period ended
September 30, 2006). |
*10.49 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2005 Executive Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K
filed February 9, 2005). |
*10.50 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2006 Senior Executive Incentive Plan (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on
Form 8-K filed on June 1, 2006). |
*10.51 |
|
Performance Targets and Formulas (approved under the 2006
Senior Executive Incentive Plan). |
*10.52 |
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. Senior Executive Benefits Policy (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended June 30, 2005). |
*10.53 |
|
Summary
Description of Nu Skin Japan Director Retirement Allowance Plan. |
*10.54 |
|
Nu
Skin International, Inc. 1997 Key Employee Death Benefit Plan (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.59 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2003). |
*10.55 |
|
Summary
of Team Elite Travel Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31,
2005). |
*10.56 |
|
Employment
Letter with Truman Hunt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.49 to the Company's
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2002). |
-114-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
*10.57 |
|
Amendment
to Employment Letter with M. Truman Hunt dated September 22, 2005 and Amendment to
provisions of the Company's Executive Incentive Plan with
respect to Mr. Hunt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter
ended September 30, 2005). |
*10.58 |
|
CEO
compensation changes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March
31, 2006). |
*10.59 |
|
Restricted
Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 17, 2003, between the Company and Truman
Hunt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2003). |
*10.60 |
|
Employment
Letter with Robert Conlee effective November 26, 2003 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2003). |
*10.61 |
|
Joseph
Y. Chang Employment Agreement dated April 17, 2006 between Mr. Chang and the Company
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Company's current report on Form 8-K
filed on April 18, 2006). |
*10.62 |
|
Daniel
Chard Employment Agreement effective February 13, 2006 between Mr. Chard and the Company. |
*10.63 |
|
Summary
of Non-management Director compensation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to
the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year
ended December 31, 2005). |
*10.64 |
|
Summary
of Non-management Director compensation (revised effective year 2007). |
*10.65 |
|
Severance
letter with Richard King dated March 2, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.59
to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year
ended December 31, 2005). |
*10.66 |
|
Severance
letter with Lori Bush dated March 10, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.60 to
the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year
ended December 31, 2005). |
*10.67 |
|
Settlement
and Release Agreement with Lori Bush dated April 20, 2006 (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 2006). |
*10.68 |
|
Event Appearance Bonus Guidelines (Approved for Sandra Tillotson in October 2006) |
21.1 |
|
Subsidiaries
of the Company. |
23.1 |
|
Consent
of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
31.1 |
|
Certification
by M. Truman Hunt, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
-115-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Exhibit
Number |
|
Exhibit Description |
31.2 |
|
Certification
by Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.1 |
|
Certification
by M. Truman Hunt, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 1350,
Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
32.2 |
|
Certification
by Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title
18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
-107-
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. Exhibit 10.4
CREDIT AGREEMENT
dated as of May 10, 2001
among
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.,
VARIOUS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS,
and
BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.,
as Administrative Agent
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
SECTION 1 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.2 Other Interpretive Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
SECTION 2 COMMITMENTS OF THE BANKS; BORROWING, CONVERSION AND
LETTER OF CREDIT PROCEDURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.1 Commitments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.1.1 Loans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.1.2 L/C Commitment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.2 Loan Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.2.1 Various Types of Loans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.2.2 Borrowing Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.2.3 Conversion and Continuation Procedures . . . . . . 20
2.3 Letter of Credit Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3.1 L/C Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3.2 Participations in Letters of Credit. . . . . . . . 22
2.3.3 Reimbursement Obligations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.3.4 Limitation on Obligations of Issuing Lenders . . . 23
2.3.5 Funding by Lenders to Issuing Lenders. . . . . . . 23
2.4 Commitments Several . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.5 Certain Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
SECTION 3 NOTES EVIDENCING LOANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.2 Recordkeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
SECTION 4 INTEREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.1 Interest Rates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.2 Interest Payment Dates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.3 Setting and Notice of Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.4 Computation of Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
SECTION 5 FEES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.1 Commitment Fee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.2 Closing Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.3 Letter of Credit Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.4 Administrative Agent's Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
SECTION 6 REDUCTION IN THE COMMITMENT AMOUNT; PREPAYMENTS . . . . . . 26
6.1 Reductions in the Commitment Amount . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
i
6.1.1 Voluntary Reductions of the Commitment Amount. . . 26
6.1.2 Mandatory Reductions in the Commitment Amount. . . 27
6.2 Prepayments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
SECTION 7 MAKING AND PRORATION OF PAYMENTS; SETOFF; TAXES. . . . . . . . . . 27
7.1 Making of Payments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
7.2 Application of Certain Payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.3 Due Date Extension. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.4 Setoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.5 Proration of Payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.6 Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
SECTION 8 INCREASED COSTS; SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR YEN LIBOR LOANS
AND EURODOLLAR LOANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8.1 Increased Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8.2 Basis for Determining Interest Rate Inadequate or Unfair. . 31
8.3 Changes in Law Rendering Loans Unlawful . . . . . . . . . . 32
8.4 Funding Losses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
8.5 Right of Lenders to Fund through Other Offices. . . . . . . 33
8.6 Discretion of Lenders as to Manner of Funding . . . . . . . 33
8.7 Mitigation of Circumstances; Replacement of Affected Lender 33
8.8 Conclusiveness of Statements; Survival of Provisions. . . . 34
SECTION 9 WARRANTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
9.1 Organization, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
9.2 Authorization; No Conflict. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
9.3 Financial Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
9.4 No Material Adverse Change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
9.5 Governmental Authorizations; etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
9.6 Title to Property; Leases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
9.7 Subsidiaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
9.8 Compliance with ERISA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
9.9 Litigation; Observance of Agreements, Statutes and Orders . 37
9.10 Other Statutes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9.11 Licenses, Permits, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9.12 Use of Proceeds; Margin Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
9.13 Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
9.14 Existing Indebtedness; Future Liens . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
9.15 Environmental Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
9.16 Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
SECTION 10 COVENANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
10.1 Reports, Certificates and Other Information . . . . . . . . 40
ii
10.1.1 Audit Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
10.1.2 Quarterly Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
10.1.3 Compliance Certificates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
10.1.4 SEC and Other Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
10.1.5 Notice of Default. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
10.1.6 Notice of ERISA Matters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
10.1.7 Notices from Governmental Authority. . . . . . . . 42
10.1.8 Management Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
10.2 Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
10.3 Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
10.4 Compliance with Laws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
10.5 Maintenance of Existence, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
10.6 Maintenance of Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
10.7 Payment of Taxes and Claims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
10.8 Security; Execution of Pledge Agreement and Subsidiary
Guaranty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
10.9 Nature of the Business. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
10.10 Financial Covenants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
10.10.1 Minimum Consolidated Net Worth . . . . . . . . . . 46
10.10.2 Minimum Fixed Charges Coverage . . . . . . . . . . 46
10.11 Limitations on Indebtedness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
10.12 Liens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
10.13 Mergers, Consolidations, Sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
10.14 Transactions with Affiliates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
10.15 Restricted Payments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
10.16 Limitation on Swap Agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
10.17 Limitation on Margin Stock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
10.18 Designation of Restricted and Unrestricted Subsidiaries . . 52
SECTION 11 CONDITIONS OF LENDING, ETC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.1 Initial Credit Extension. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.1.1 Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.1.2 Resolutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.1.3 Consents, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.1.4 Incumbency and Signature Certificates. . . . . . . 53
11.1.5 Subsidiary Guaranty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.1.6 Pledge Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.1.7 Opinion of Counsel for the Company and the
Subsidiary Guarantors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
11.1.8 Closing Certificate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
11.1.9 Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
11.2 Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
11.2.1 Compliance with Warranties, No Default, etc. . . . 54
11.2.2 Confirmatory Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
iii
SECTION 12 EVENTS OF DEFAULT AND THEIR EFFECT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
12.1 Events of Default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
12.1.1 Non-Payment of the Loans, etc. . . . . . . . . . . 55
12.1.2 Non-Compliance with Section 10 . . . . . . . . . . 55
12.1.3 Non-Compliance with Provisions of This Agreement . 55
12.1.4 Default in Payment of Other Indebtedness . . . . . 56
12.1.5 Bankruptcy, Insolvency, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . 56
12.1.6 Warranties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
12.1.7 Judgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
12.1.8 Pension Plans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
12.1.9 Invalidity of Guaranty, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
12.1.10 Invalidity of Collateral Documents, etc. . . . . . 57
12.1.11 Change of Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
12.2 Effect of Event of Default. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
SECTION 13 THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
13.1 Appointment and Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
13.2 Delegation of Duties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
13.3 Liability of Administrative Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
13.4 Reliance by Administrative Agent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
13.5 Notice of Default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
13.6 Credit Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
13.7 Indemnification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
13.8 Administrative Agent in Individual Capacity . . . . . . . . 61
13.9 Successor Administrative Agent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
13.10 Withholding Tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
13.11 Collateral Matters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
13.12 Non-Receipt of Funds by the Administrative Agent. . . . . . 64
SECTION 14 GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
14.1 Waiver; Amendments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
14.2 Confirmations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
14.3 Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
14.4 Computations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
14.5 Regulation U. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
14.6 Costs, Expenses and Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
14.7 Subsidiary References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
14.8 Captions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
14.9 Assignments; Participations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
14.9.1 Assignments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
14.9.2 Participations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
14.10 Governing Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
14.11 Counterparts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
iv
14.12 Successors and Assigns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
14.13 Indemnification by the Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
14.14 Forum Selection and Consent to Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . 69
14.15 Waiver of Jury Trial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
14.16 Judgment Currency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
SCHEDULE 1 Existing Letters of Credit
SCHEDULE 1.1 Pricing Schedule
SCHEDULE 2.1 Lenders and Percentages
SCHEDULE 9.4 Material Adverse Change
SCHEDULE 9.7 Subsidiaries
SCHEDULE 9.9 Litigation
SCHEDULE 9.11 Licenses; Permits
SCHEDULE 9.14 Existing Indebtedness
SCHEDULE 10.12 Existing Liens
SCHEDULE 10.19 Excluded Letters of Credit
SCHEDULE 14.3 Addresses for Notices
EXHIBIT A Form of Note
(Section 3.1)
EXHIBIT B Form of Subsidiary Guaranty
(Section 1)
EXHIBIT C Copy of Pledge Agreement
(Section 1)
EXHIBIT D Form of Assignment Agreement
(Section 14.9)
EXHIBIT E-1 Copy of Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement
(Section 1)
EXHIBIT E-2 Form of Amendment to Collateral Agency and Intercreditor
Agreement
(Section 11.1)
EXHIBIT F Form of Subordination Agreement
(Section 1)
v
CREDIT AGREEMENT
This CREDIT AGREEMENT dated as of May 10, 2001 (this
Agreement) is among NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC., a Delaware
corporation (the Company), the various financial institutions
that are or may from time to time become parties hereto (together with their
respective successors and assigns, the Lenders), and BANK OF
AMERICA, N.A. (in its individual capacity, Bank of America),
as administrative agent for the Lenders.
WHEREAS, the Company has requested that the
Lenders provide a revolving credit facility to the Company; and
WHEREAS, the Lenders are willing to extend commitments to make
Loans to the Company hereunder for the purposes provided herein and on the terms
and subject to the conditions set forth herein.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual
agreements, provisions and covenants contained herein, the parties hereto agree
as follows:
SECTION 1 DEFINITIONS.
1.1 Definitions.
When used herein the following terms shall have the following meanings:
ABN Amro Facility means the $10,000,000 credit
facility evidenced by that certain Grid Note dated as of May 24, 2000 executed
by the Company in favor of ABN Amro Bank N.V., as amended, supplemented or
modified prior to the date hereof.
Administrative Agent means Bank of America in its
capacity as administrative agent for the Lenders hereunder and any successor
thereto in such capacity.
Affected Lender means any Lender that has given
notice to the Company (which has not been rescinded) of (a) any obligation
by the Company to pay any amount pursuant to Section 7.6
or 8.1 or (b) the occurrence of any circumstance of the nature
described in Section 8.2 or 8.3.
Affiliate means, at any time, (a) with respect to
any Person, any other Person that at such time directly or indirectly through
one or more intermediaries Controls, or is Controlled by, or is under common
Control with, such first Person, and (b) with respect to the Company and its
Subsidiaries, any Person beneficially owning or holding, directly or indirectly,
5% or more of any class of voting or equity interests of the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries or any corporation of which the Company and its Subsidiaries
beneficially own or hold, in the aggregate, directly or indirectly, 5% or more
of any class of voting or equity interests. As used in this definition,
Control means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power
to direct or cause the
1
direction of the management
and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by
contract or otherwise. Unless the context otherwise clearly requires, any
reference to an Affiliate is a reference to an Affiliate of the
Company.
Agent-Related Persons means the Administrative
Agent and any successor administrative agent arising under Section 13.9,
together with their respective Affiliates, and the officers, directors,
employees, agents and attorneys-in-fact of such Persons and Affiliates.
Agreement - see the Preamble.
Assignee - see Section 14.9.1.
Assignment Agreement - see Section 14.9.1.
Base Rate means at any time the greater of
(a) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5% and (b) the Prime Rate.
Bank of America - see the Preamble.
Business Day means any day other than a Saturday,
a Sunday or a day on which commercial banks in Charlotte, North Carolina and New
York, New York are required or authorized to be closed and (a) with respect to
any borrowing, payment or rate determination of Yen LIBOR Loans, any day other
than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which commercial banks in Tokyo, Japan and
London, England are required or authorized to be closed and (b) with respect to
any borrowing, payment or rate determination of Eurodollar Loans, any day other
than a Saturday, a Sunday or day on which commercial banks in London, England
are required or authorized to be closed.
Capital Lease means, at any time, a lease with
respect to which the lessee is required concurrently to recognize the
acquisition of an asset and the incurrence of a liability in accordance with
GAAP.
Change of Control means an event or series of
events by which:
(a) any person or group (as such
terms are used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, but excluding any (i) Specified Person and (ii) employee benefit plan of
such Person or its subsidiaries, or any Person acting in its capacity as
trustee, agent or other fiduciary or administrator of any such plan) becomes the
beneficial owner (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except that a person shall be deemed to have
beneficial ownership of all securities that such person has the
right to acquire, whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after
the passage of time), directly or indirectly, of (x) 25% or more of the equity
interests of the Company and (y) more
2
voting equity interests of
the Company than the aggregate amount of such voting equity interests
beneficially owned by the Specified Persons; or
(b) during any period of 12 consecutive months, a
majority of the members of the Board of Directors or other equivalent governing
body of the Company cease to be composed of individuals (i) who were members of
that board or equivalent governing body on the first day of such period, (ii)
whose election or nomination to that board or equivalent governing body was
approved by individuals referred to in clause (i) above constituting at
the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of that board or
equivalent governing body or (iii) whose election or nomination to that board or
other equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in
clauses (i) and (ii) above constituting at the time of such
election or nomination at least a majority of that board or equivalent governing
body.
Closing Date means the date of the making of the
initial Loans, or the issuance of the initial Letter of Credit, hereunder
(whichever occurs first).
Codemeans the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement
means the Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement, a copy of which is
attached as Exhibit E-1, by and among the Company, the Collateral Agent,
the Administrative Agent and each of the other Senior Secured Creditors, and
acknowledged by the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors.
Collateral Agent means State Street Bank and
Trust Company of California, N.A., acting in its capacity as collateral agent
under the Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement, together with its
successors and assigns.
Collateral Documents means the Pledge Agreement,
the Subsidiary Guaranty, the Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement and
all other documents evidencing, securing or relating to the Loans, the payment
of the indebtedness evidenced by the Notes and all other amounts due from the
Company or any other Restricted Subsidiary evidenced or secured by this
Agreement, the Notes or the Collateral Documents.
Commitment means, as to any Lender, such
Lenders commitment to make Loans, and to issue or participate in Letters
of Credit, under this Agreement.
Commitment Amount means $60,000,000, as reduced
from time to time pursuant to Section 6.1.
Commitment Fee Rate - see Schedule 1.1.
Company - see the Preamble.
3
Computation Period means each period of four
consecutive quarterly fiscal periods ending on the last day of a quarterly
fiscal period.
Consolidated Income Available for Fixed Charges
means, with respect to any period, Consolidated Net Income for such period plus
all amounts deducted in the computation thereof on account of (a) Fixed Charges,
and (b) taxes imposed on or measured by income or excess profits of the Company
and the Restricted Subsidiaries.
Consolidated Net Income means, with respect to
any period, the net income (or loss) of the Company and the Restricted
Subsidiaries for such period (taken as a cumulative whole), as determined in
accordance with GAAP, after eliminating all offsetting debits and credits
between the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries and all other items required
to be eliminated in the course of the preparation of consolidated financial
statements of the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries in accordance with
GAAP.
Consolidated Net Worth means, at any time, (a)
the consolidated stockholders equity of the Company and the Restricted
Subsidiaries, as defined according to GAAP, less (b) the sum of (i) to
the extent included in clause (a), all amounts attributable to minority
interests, if any, in the securities of Restricted Subsidiaries, and (ii) the
amount by which Restricted Investments exceed 20% of the amount determined in
clause (a).
Consolidated Total Assets means, at any date of
determination, on a consolidated basis for the Company and the Restricted
Subsidiaries, total assets, determined in
accordance with GAAP.
Credit Facility means any credit facility
providing for the borrowing of money or the issuance of letters of credit (a)
for the Company or (b) for any Restricted Subsidiary, if its obligations under
such Credit Facility are guaranteed by the Company.
Dollar and the sign $ mean the
lawful money of the United States of America.
Dollar Equivalent means, with respect to a
specified amount of any currency, the amount of Dollars into which such amount
of such currency would be converted, based on the applicable Spot Rate of
Exchange.
Domestic Subsidiary means, at any time, each
Subsidiary of the Company (a) which is created, organized or domesticated in the
United States or under the laws of the United States or any state or territory
thereof, (b) which was included as a member of the Companys affiliated
group in the Companys most recent consolidated United States federal
income tax return, or (c) the earnings of which were includable in the taxable
income of the Company or any other Domestic Subsidiary (to the extent of the
Companys and/or such other Domestic Subsidiarys ownership interest
of such Subsidiary) in the Companys most recent consolidated United States
federal income tax return.
4
EBITDA means, with respect to any period, the sum
of (i) Consolidated Net Income for such period without giving effect to
extraordinary gains and losses, gains and losses resulting from changes in GAAP
and one time non-recurring income and expenses resulting from acquisitions and
similar events, plus (ii) to the extent deducted in the calculation of
Consolidated Net Income, the amount of all interest expense, depreciation
expense, amortization expense, and income tax expense; provided that
EBITDA will include or exclude, as applicable, acquisitions and divestitures of
Restricted Subsidiaries or other business units on a pro forma basis as if such
acquisitions or divestitures occurred on the first day of the applicable period.
Effective Date - see Section 11.1.
Environmental Laws means any and all federal,
state, local, and foreign statutes, laws, regulations, ordinances, rules,
judgments, orders, decrees, permits, concessions, grants, franchises, licenses,
agreements or governmental restrictions relating to pollution and the protection
of the environment or the release of any materials into the environment,
including but not limited to those related to hazardous substances or wastes,
air emissions and discharges to waste or public systems.
ERISA means the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act of 1974, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder from
time to time in effect.
ERISA Affiliate means any trade or business
(whether or not incorporated) that is treated as a single employer together with
the Company under Section 414 of the Code.
Eurocurrency Reserve Percentage means, with
respect to any Eurodollar Loan for any Interest Period, a percentage (expressed
as a decimal) equal to the daily average during such Interest Period of the
percentage in effect on each day of such Interest Period, as prescribed by the
FRB (or any successor), for determining the aggregate maximum reserve
requirements applicable to Eurocurrency Liabilities pursuant to
Regulation D or any other then applicable regulation of the FRB which prescribes
reserve requirements applicable to Eurocurrency Liabilities as
presently defined in Regulation D.
Eurodollar Loan means any Loan which bears
interest at a rate determined by reference to the Eurodollar Rate (Reserve
Adjusted).
Eurodollar/Yen LIBOR Margin - see Schedule
1.1.
Eurodollar Office means with respect to any
Lender the office or offices of such Lender which shall be making or maintaining
the Eurodollar Loans of such Lender hereunder or, if applicable, such other
office or offices through which such Lender determines the Eurodollar Rate. A
Eurodollar Office of any Lender may be, at the option of such Lender, either a
domestic or foreign office.
5
Eurodollar Rate means, with respect to any
Eurodollar Loan for any Interest Period, (i) the rate per annum (rounded upward,
if necessary, to the nearest 1/100 of 1%) equal to the rate determined by the
Administrative Agent to be the offered rate which appears on the page of the
Telerate Screen which displays an average British Bankers Association Interest
Settlement Rate (such page currently being page number 3750) for deposits (for
delivery two Business Days prior to the beginning of such Interest Period) with
a term equivalent to the applicable Interest Period, determined as of
approximately 11:00 A.M. (London, England time) on such date of determination,
or (ii) if the rate referenced in the preceding clause (i) does not
appear on such page or service or if such page or service shall cease to be
available, the rate per annum (rounded upward, if necessary, to the nearest five
decimal places) equal to the rate determined by the Administrative Agent to be
the offered rate on such other page or other service which displays an average
British Bankers Association Interest Settlement Rate for deposits (for delivery
two Business Days prior to the beginning of such Interest Period) with a term
equivalent to such Interest Period determined as of approximately 11:00 A.M.
(London, England time) on such date of determination, or (iii) if the rates
referenced in the preceding clauses (i) and (ii) are not
available, the rate per annum equal to the offered quotation rate (rounded
upward, if necessary, to the nearest five decimal places) to first class banks
in the London interbank market by the Administrative Agent for deposits (for
delivery two Business Days prior to the beginning of such Interest Period) of
amounts in same day funds comparable to the principal amount of the Eurodollar
Loan of Bank of America included in the Eurodollar borrowing for which the
Eurodollar Rate is then being determined with a maturity comparable to such
Interest Period as of approximately 11:00 A.M. (London, England time) on such
date of determination.
Eurodollar Rate (Reserve Adjusted) means, with
respect to any Eurodollar Loan for any Interest Period, a rate per annum
(rounded upwards, if necessary, to the nearest 1/100 of 1%) determined pursuant
to the following formula:
Eurodollar Rate =
Eurodollar Rate
(Reserve Adjusted)
1-Eurocurrency
Reserve Percentage
Event of Default means any of the events
described in Section 12.1.
Exchange Act means the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934.
Existing Letters of Credit means the letters of
credit described by date of issuance, letter of credit number, undrawn amount,
name of beneficiary and the date of expiry on Schedule 1 hereto.
Exemption Representation - see Section 7.6
..
Federal Funds Rate means, for any day, the rate
set forth in the weekly statistical release designated as H.15(519), or any
successor publication, published by the Federal Reserve Bank of
6
New York (including any
such successor publication, H.15(519)) on the preceding Business Day
opposite the caption Federal Funds (Effective)"; or, if for any
relevant day such rate is not so published on any such preceding Business Day,
the rate for such day will be the arithmetic mean as determined by the
Administrative Agent of the rates for the last transaction in overnight Federal
funds arranged prior to 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on that day by each of
three leading brokers of Federal funds transactions in New York City selected by
the Administrative Agent.
Fixed Charges means, with respect to any period,
the sum of (i) Interest Expense for such period, and (ii) Lease Rentals for such
period.
Floating Rate Loan means any Loan which bears
interest at or by reference to the Base Rate.
Floating Rate Margin - see Schedule 1.1.
Foreign Subsidiary means, at any time, each
Subsidiary of the Company that is not a Domestic Subsidiary.
FRB means the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System.
GAAP means generally accepted accounting
principles as in effect from time to time in the United States of America.
Group - see Section 2.2.1.
Governmental Authority means (a) the government
of (i) the United States of America or any state or other political subdivision
thereof, or (ii) Japan or any political subdivision thereof, or (iii) any
jurisdiction in which the Company or any Subsidiary conducts all or any part of
its business, or which asserts jurisdiction over any properties of the Company
or any Subsidiary, or (b) any entity exercising executive, legislative,
judicial, regulatory or administrative functions of, or pertaining to, any such
government.
Guaranty means, with respect to any Person, any
obligation (except the endorsement in the ordinary course of business of
negotiable instruments for deposit or collection) of such Person guaranteeing or
in effect guaranteeing any indebtedness, dividend or other obligation of any
other Person in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, including (without
limitation) obligations incurred through an agreement, contingent or otherwise,
by such Person (a) to purchase such indebtedness or obligation or any property
constituting security therefor, (b) to advance or supply funds (i) for the
purchase or payment of such indebtedness or obligation, or (ii) to maintain any
working capital or other balance sheet condition or any income statement
condition of any other Person or otherwise to advance or make available funds
for the purchase or payment of such indebtedness or obligation, (c) to lease
properties or to purchase properties or
7
services primarily for the
purpose of assuring the owner of such indebtedness or obligation of the ability
of any other Person to make payment of the indebtedness or obligation, or (d)
otherwise to assure the owner of such indebtedness or obligation against loss in
respect thereof. In any computation of the indebtedness or other liabilities of
the obligor under any Guaranty, the indebtedness or other obligations that are
the subject of such Guaranty shall be assumed to be direct obligations of such
obligor.
Hazardous Material means any and all pollutants,
toxic or hazardous wastes or any other substances that might pose a hazard to
health or safety, the removal of which may be required or the generation,
manufacture, refining, production, processing, treatment, storage, handling,
transportation, transfer, use, disposal, release, discharge, spillage, seepage,
or filtration of which is or shall be restricted, prohibited or penalized by any
applicable law (including asbestos, urea formaldehyde foam insulation and
polychlorinated biphenyls).
Indebtedness with respect to any Person means, at
any time, without duplication, (a) its liabilities for borrowed money and its
redemption obligations in respect of mandatorily redeemable Preferred Stock, (b)
its liabilities for the deferred purchase price of property acquired by such
Person (excluding accounts payable arising in the ordinary course of business
but including all liabilities created or arising under any conditional sale or
other title retention agreement with respect to any such property), (c) all
liabilities appearing on its balance sheet in accordance with GAAP in respect of
Capital Leases, (d) all liabilities for borrowed money secured by any Lien with
respect to any property owned by such Person (whether or not it has assumed or
otherwise become liable for such liabilities), (e) Securitization Debt and (f)
any Guaranty (other than the Subsidiary Guaranty) of such Person with respect to
liabilities of a type described in any of clauses (a) through (e)
hereof. Indebtedness of any Person shall include all obligations of such
Person of the character described in clauses (a) through (f) to
the extent such Person remains legally liable in respect thereof notwithstanding
that any such obligation is deemed to be extinguished under GAAP.
Interest Expense means, with respect to the
Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries for any period, the sum, determined on a
consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP, of (a) all interest paid, accrued or
scheduled for payment on the Indebtedness of the Company and the Restricted
Subsidiaries during such period (including interest attributable to Capital
Leases), plus (b) all fees in respect of outstanding letters of credit
paid, accrued or scheduled for payment by the Company and the Restricted
Subsidiaries during such period.
Interest Period means, as to any Yen LIBOR Loan
or Eurodollar Loan, the period commencing on the date such Loan is borrowed or
continued as a Yen LIBOR Loan or Eurodollar Loan or converted into a Eurodollar
Loan and ending on the date one, two, three or six months thereafter, as
selected by the Company pursuant to Section 2.2.3; provided that:
(a) if any Interest Period would otherwise end on a day that is not a
Business Day, such Interest Period shall be extended to the following Business
Day unless the
8
result of such extension
would be to carry such Interest Period into another calendar month, in which
event such Interest Period shall end on the preceding Business Day;
(b) any
Interest Period for a Yen LIBOR Loan or Eurodollar Loan that begins on a day for
which there is no numerically corresponding day in the calendar month at the end
of such Interest Period shall end on the last Business Day of the calendar month
at the end of such Interest Period; and
(c) the
Company may not select any Interest Period for any Loan which would extend
beyond the scheduled Termination Date or which would cause the aggregate
principal amount of all Yen LIBOR Loans and Eurodollar Loans having Interest
Periods ending after the date on which the Commitment Amount is scheduled to be
reduced pursuant to Section 6.1(d), plus the Stated Amount of all Letters
of Credit scheduled to be outstanding after such date, to exceed the Commitment
Amount scheduled to be in effect at the close of business on such
date.
Investment means any investment, made in cash or
by delivery of property, by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary (a) in any
Person, whether by acquisition of stock, Indebtedness or other obligation or
Security, or by loan, Guaranty, advance, capital contribution or otherwise; or
(b) in any property.
Issuing Lender means Bank of America in its
capacity as an issuer of Letters of Credit hereunder and any other Lender which,
with the written consent of the Company and the Administrative Agent, is the
issuer of one or more Letters of Credit hereunder.
L/C Application means, with respect to any
request for the issuance of a Letter of Credit, a letter of credit application
in the form being used by the applicable Issuing Lender at the time of such
request for the type of letter of credit requested.
Lease Rentals means, with respect to any period,
the sum of the rental and other obligations required to be paid during such
period by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary as lessee under all leases of
real or personal property (other than Capital Leases) as determined on a
consolidated basis for the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries in accordance
with GAAP.
Lender - see the Preamble. References to
the Lenders shall include the Issuing Lender; for purposes of
clarification only, to the extent that Bank of America (or any successor Issuing
Lender) may have any rights or obligations in addition to those of the other
Lenders due to its status as Issuing Lender, its status as such will be
specifically referenced.
Letter of Credit - see Section 2.1.2.
9
Leverage Ratio means, as of any date, the ratio
of Total Indebtedness as of such date to EBITDA for the most recently ended
period of four consecutive fiscal quarters.
Lien means, with respect to any Person, any
mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest or other encumbrance, or any
interest or title of any vendor, lessor, lender or other secured party to or of
such Person under any conditional sale or other title retention agreement or
Capital Lease, upon or with respect to any property or asset of such Person
(including in the case of stock, stockholder agreements, voting trust agreements
and all similar arrangements).
Loan Documents means this Agreement, the Notes,
the Guaranties, the L/C Applications and the Collateral Documents.
Loans - see Section 2.1.1.
Material or Materially means material or
materially, as the case may be, in relation to the business, operations,
affairs, financial condition, assets, properties or prospects of the Company and
the Restricted Subsidiaries taken as a whole.
Material Adverse Effect means a material
adverse effect on (a) the business, operations, affairs, financial condition,
assets or properties of the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries taken as a
whole, or (b) the ability of the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries, taken
as a whole, to perform their obligations under this Agreement, the Collateral
Documents or any other Loan Document, or (c) the validity or enforceability of
this Agreement, the Collateral Documents or any other Loan Document.
Material Domestic Subsidiary means each Domestic
Subsidiary of the Company that also is a Material Subsidiary.
Material Foreign Subsidiary means each Foreign
Subsidiary of the Company that also is a Material Subsidiary.
Material Subsidiaries means, at any time, (a) Nu
Skin Japan Co., Ltd., a Japanese corporation, Nu Skin International, Inc., a
Utah corporation, NSE Hong Kong, Inc., a Utah corporation, Nu Skin Taiwan, Inc.,
a Utah corporation, and Nu Skin United States, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and
(b) each other Subsidiary of the Company which (i) had revenues during the four
most recently ended fiscal quarters equal to or greater than 5.0% of the
consolidated total revenues of the Company and its Subsidiaries during such
period or (ii) is an obligor under any Guaranty with respect to the Indebtedness
of the Company under any Significant Credit Facility; provided that no
Subsidiary shall be a "Material Subsidiary" unless at least a majority of the
voting securities of such Subsidiary are owned by the Company and/or one or more
Wholly-Owned Restricted Subsidiaries.
10
Multiemployer Plan means any Plan that is a
multiemployer plan (as such term is defined in Section 4001(a)(3) of
ERISA).
Note - see Section 3.1.
Officers Certificate means a certificate of
a Senior Financial Officer or of any other officer of the Company whose
responsibilities extend to the subject matter of such certificate.
PBGC means the Pension Benefit Guaranty
Corporation referred to and defined in ERISA or any successor thereto.
Percentage means, with respect to any
Lender, the percentage specified opposite such Lenders name on Schedule
2.1, as adjusted by any assignment pursuant to Section 14.9.1.
Permitted Liens - see Section 10.12.
Permitted Securitization Program means any
transaction or series of transactions that may be entered into by the Company or
any Restricted Subsidiary pursuant to which the Company or any Restricted
Subsidiary may sell, convey or otherwise transfer to (a) a Securitization Entity
(in the case of a transfer by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary) and (b)
any other Person (in the case of a transfer by a Securitization Entity), or may
grant a security interest in, any receivables (whether now existing or arising
or acquired in the future) of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary, and any
assets related thereto including (i) all collateral securing such receivables,
(ii) all contracts and contract rights and all guarantees or other obligations
in respect of such receivables, (iii) proceeds of such receivables, and (iv)
other assets (including contract rights) that are customarily transferred or in
respect of which security interests are customarily granted in connection with
asset securitization transactions involving receivables; provided that
the resultant Securitization Debt, together with all other Priority Indebtedness
then outstanding, shall not exceed the amount of Priority Indebtedness permitted
by Section 10.11(a)(ii).
Person means an individual, partnership,
corporation, limited liability company, association, trust, unincorporated
organization or government (or an agency or political subdivision thereof).
Plan means an employee benefit
plan (as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA) that is or, within the
preceding five years, has been established or maintained, or to which
contributions are or, within the preceding five years, have been made or
required to be made, by the Company or any ERISA Affiliate or with respect to
which the Company or any ERISA Affiliate may have any liability.
Pledge Agreement means the Pledge Agreement
executed by the Company in favor of State Street Bank and Trust Company of
California, N.A., as collateral agent, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit
C.
11
Pledged Securities means, in respect of each
Pledgor, (a) the Equity Securities owned by such Pledgor described in
Schedule I attached to, or otherwise pledged pursuant to, the Pledge
Agreement and the Equity Securities owned by such Pledgor of each Person that
becomes a Material Foreign Subsidiary, including all securities convertible
into, and rights, warrants, options and other rights to purchase or otherwise
acquire, any of the foregoing now or hereafter owned by such Pledgor, and the
certificates or other instruments representing any of the foregoing and any
interest of such Pledgor in the entries on the books of any securities
intermediary pertaining thereto (the Pledged Shares), and all
dividends, distributions, returns of capital, cash, warrants, option, rights,
instruments, right to vote or manage the business of the respective issuer
pursuant to organizational documents governing the rights and obligations of the
stockholders, and other property or proceeds from time to time received,
receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all
of such Pledged Shares; provided that the Pledged Shares shall not
include any Equity Securities of such issuer in excess of the number of shares
or other equity interests of such issuer possessing up to but not exceeding 65%
of the voting power of all classes of Equity Securities entitled to vote of such
issuer, and all dividends, cash, warrants, rights, instruments and other
property or proceeds from time to time received, receivable or otherwise
distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all of such Equity
Securities, and (b) to the extent not covered by clause (a) above, all
proceeds of any or all of the foregoing.
Pledgor means each Person who pledges Pledged
Securities under the Pledge Agreement.
Preferred Stock means any class of capital stock
of a corporation that is preferred over any other class of capital stock of such
corporation as to the payment of dividends or the payment of any amount upon
liquidation or dissolution of such corporation.
Prime Rate means, for any day, the rate of
interest in effect for such day as publicly announced from time to time by Bank
of America in Charlotte as its prime rate. (The prime
rate is a rate set by Bank of America based upon various factors,
including Bank of Americas costs and desired return, general economic
conditions and other factors, and is used as a reference point for pricing some
loans, which may be priced at, above or below such announced rate.) Any change
in the prime rate announced by Bank of America shall take effect at the opening
of business on the day specified in the public announcement of such change.
Priority Indebtedness means (without
duplication) the sum of (a) any unsecured Indebtedness of the Restricted
Subsidiaries other than (i) guarantees under the Subsidiary Guaranty, (ii)
Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary if (x) the Company has guaranteed such
Indebtedness or is a primary obligor of such Indebtedness, and (y) the holder of
such Indebtedness becomes a party to the Collateral Agency and Intercreditor
Agreement (provided that until the holder of such Indebtedness becomes a
party to the Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement, such Indebtedness
will be considered Priority Indebtedness), and (iii) Indebtedness owed to the
Company or any other Restricted Subsidiary, and (b) Indebtedness of
12
the Company and its
Restricted Subsidiaries secured by a Lien not permitted by clauses (a)
through (m) of Section 10.12, and (c) Securitization Debt.
Property or properties means and includes
each and every interest in any property or asset, whether tangible or intangible
and whether real, personal or mixed.
QPAM Exemption means Prohibited Transaction Class
Exemption 84-14 issued by the United States Department of Labor.
Required Lenders means Lenders having Percentages
aggregating 51% or more.
Responsible Officer means any Senior Financial
Officer and any other officer of the Company or its Subsidiaries with
responsibility for the administration of the relevant portion of this Agreement
or any Loan Document.
Restricted Investments means all Investments
except any of the following: (a) property to be used in the ordinary course of
business; (b) assets arising from the sale of goods and services in the ordinary
course of business; (c) Investments in one or more Restricted Subsidiaries or
any Person that immediately becomes a Restricted Subsidiary; (d) Investments
existing on the Signing Date; (e) Investments in obligations, maturing within
one year, issued by or guaranteed by the United States of America, or an agency
thereof, or Canada, or any province thereof; (f) Investments in tax-exempt
obligations, maturing within one year, which are rated in one of the top two
rating classifications by at least one national rating agency; (g) Investments
in certificates of deposit or bankers acceptances maturing within one year
issued by Bank of America or other commercial banks which are rated in one of
the top two rating classifications by at least one national rating agency; (h)
Investments in commercial paper, maturing within 270 days, rated in one of the
top two rating classifications by at least one national rating agency; (i)
Investments in repurchase agreements; (j) treasury stock; (k) Investments in
money market instrument programs which are classified as current assets in
accordance with GAAP; (l) Investments in foreign currency risk hedging contracts
used in the ordinary course of business; and (m) Investments in Securitization
Entities.
Restricted Subsidiary means any Subsidiary (a) at
least a majority of the voting securities of which are owned by the Company
and/or one or more Wholly-Owned Restricted Subsidiaries, and (b) which the
Company has not designated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary in accordance with
Section 10.18; provided that upon any Unrestricted Subsidiary
becoming a Material Subsidiary, it shall immediately be deemed to be a
Restricted Subsidiary.
Securities Act means the Securities Act of 1933.
Security has the meaning set forth in Section
2(l) of the Securities Act.
Securitization Debt for the Company and the
Restricted Subsidiaries shall mean, in
13
connection with any
Permitted Securitization Program, (a) any amount as to which any Securitization
Entity or other Person has recourse to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary
with respect to such Permitted Securitization Program by way of a Guaranty and
(b) the amount of any reserve account or similar account or asset shown as an
asset of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary under GAAP that has been pledged
to any Securitization Entity or any other Person in connection with such
Permitted Securitization Program.
Securitization Entity means a
wholly-owned Subsidiary (other than a Restricted Subsidiary) of the Company (or
another Person in which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries makes an
investment and to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries transfers
receivables and related assets) that engages in no activities other than in
connection with the financing of receivables and that is designated by the Board
of Directors of the Company (as provided below) as a Securitization Entity (a)
no portion of the Indebtedness or any other obligations (contingent or
otherwise) of which (i) is guaranteed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
(excluding guarantees of obligations (other than the principal of, and interest
on, Indebtedness) pursuant to Standard Securitization Undertakings), (ii) is
recourse to or obligates the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in any way other
than pursuant to Standard Securitization Undertakings, or (iii) subjects any
property or asset of the Company or any other Subsidiary of the Company,
directly or indirectly, continently or otherwise, to the satisfaction thereof,
other than pursuant to Standard Securitization Undertakings, (b) with which
neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has any material contract,
agreement, arrangement or understanding other than on terms no less favorable to
the Company or such Subsidiary than those that might be obtained at the time
from Persons that are not Affiliates of the Company, other than fees payable in
the ordinary course of business in connection with servicing receivables of such
entity, and (c) to which neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has any
obligation to maintain or preserve such entitys financial condition or
cause such entity to achieve certain levels of operating results.
Senior Financial Officer means the chief
financial officer, principal accounting officer, treasurer or comptroller of the
Company.
Senior Notes means the 3.03% Senior Notes due
October 12, 2010 issued by the Company.
Senior Note Purchase Agreement means the Note
Purchase Agreement dated October 12, 2000 between the Company and The Prudential
Insurance Company of America.
Senior Secured Creditor means (a) each Lender,
(b) each holder of a Senior Note, and (c) each lender under a Significant Credit
Facility.
Significant Credit Facility means (a) any
Credit Facility that has at least $7,500,000 available to be borrowed and/or
outstanding at any time, and (b) any Credit Facility if the aggregate amount
available to be borrowed and/or outstanding under all of the Credit Facilities
exceeds $25,000,000 at any time; provided that the term Significant
Credit Facility shall not
14
include any Priority
Indebtedness to the extent that such Priority Indebtedness is permitted by
Section 10.11(a)(ii), any Indebtedness secured by a Lien permitted by
Section 10.12(h), or any Indebtedness secured by a Lien renewing,
extending or replacing Liens as described in Section 10.12(m).
Signing Date means the date on which the
Agreement has been executed and delivered by all of the parties hereto.
Specified Person means each of (a) Blake M.
Roney, Steven J. Lund, Sandra N. Tillotson, Brooke B. Roney, Nedra Roney, Craig
Bryson or Craig Tillotson and (b) the immediate family members and trusts
established for the immediate family members of, and other entities 67% or more
of the equity interests of which are owned by, any of the foregoing individuals.
Spot Rate of Exchange means, as of any date for
any amount denominated in any currency other than Dollars, the applicable quoted
spot rate as reported on the appropriate page of the Reuters Screen at 11:00
A.M. (London, England time) two Business Days preceding the day such
determination is requested to be made.
Standard Securitization Undertakings means
representations, warranties, covenants and indemnities entered into by the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries that are reasonably customary in a
receivables securitization transaction.
Stated Amount means, with respect to any
Letter of Credit at any date of determination, the maximum aggregate amount
available for drawing thereunder at any time during the then ensuing term of
such Letter of Credit under any and all circumstances, plus the aggregate amount
of all unreimbursed payments and disbursements under such Letter of Credit.
Subsidiary means, as to any Person, (a) any
corporation of which more than 50% of the issued and outstanding Equity
Securities having ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the Board of
Directors of such corporation (irrespective of whether at the time capital stock
of any other class or classes of such corporation shall or might have voting
power upon the occurrence of any contingency) is at the time directly or
indirectly owned or controlled by such Person, by such Person and one or more of
its Subsidiaries or by one or more of such Persons other Subsidiaries, (b)
any partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or other association
of which more than 50% of the equity interest having the power to vote, direct
or control the management of such partnership, joint venture, limited liability
company or other association is at the time owned and controlled by such Person,
by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries or by one or more of such
Persons other Subsidiaries, or (c) any other Person included in the
financial statements of such Person on a consolidated basis. Unless the context
otherwise clearly requires, any reference to a Subsidiary is a
reference to a Subsidiary of the Company.
Subsidiary Guarantors means all current and
future Material Domestic Subsidiaries of the
15
Company.
Subsidiary Guaranty means the Subsidiary
Guaranty, substantially in the form of Exhibit B.
Swap Agreement means (a) any and all rate
swap transactions, basis swaps, forward rate transactions, interest rate
options, forward foreign exchange transactions, cap transactions, floor
transactions, collar transactions, currency swap transactions, cross-currency
rate swap transactions, currency options, or any other similar transactions or
any combination of any of the foregoing (including any options to enter into any
of the foregoing); provided that any such transaction is governed by or
subject to a Master Agreement, and (b) any and all transactions of any kind, and
the related confirmations, which are subject to the terms and conditions of, or
governed by, any form of master agreement published by the International Swaps
and Derivatives Association, Inc., or any other master agreement published by
any successor organization thereto (any such master agreement, together with any
related schedules, as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise
modified in writing from time to time, a Master Agreement),
including any such obligations or liabilities under any Master Agreement.
Taxes - see Section 7.6.
Term Debt means any Indebtedness of
the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary other than (a) Credit Facilities
providing for the borrowing of money or the issuance of letters of credit on a
revolving basis or for working capital, (b) Priority Indebtedness, and (c)
Indebtedness secured by Liens permitted by clauses (a) through (m)
of Section 10.12.
Termination Date means the earlier to
occur of (a) May 10, 2004 or (b) such other date on which the Commitments
shall terminate pursuant to Section 6 or 12.
Total Indebtedness means, at any
date of determination, the sum of (i) the total of all Indebtedness of the
Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries outstanding on such date, after
eliminating all offsetting debits and credits between the Company and the
Restricted Subsidiaries and all other items required to be eliminated in the
course of the preparation of consolidated financial statements of the Company
and the Restricted Subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP, plus
(ii) the aggregate amount of Indebtedness of the Company to any of its
Restricted Subsidiaries that is not subordinated to the Indebtedness hereunder
pursuant to a subordination agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit
F.
Total Outstandings means at any time the
sum of (a) the aggregate Dollar Equivalent principal amount of all outstanding
Loans plus (b) the Stated Amount of all Letters of Credit.
Type of Loan or Borrowing - see
Section 2.2.1. The types of Loans or borrowings under this Agreement
are as follows: Floating Rate Loans or borrowings, Yen LIBOR Loans or
borrowings, and Eurodollar Loans or borrowings.
16
Unmatured Event of Default means an event or
condition the occurrence or existence of which would, with the lapse of time or
the giving of notice or both, become an Event of Default.
Unrestricted Subsidiary means
any Subsidiary which is designated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary on Schedule
9.8 or is designated as such in writing by the Company to each Lender
pursuant to Section 10.18; provided that no Material Subsidiary shall be
an Unrestricted Subsidiary.
Wholly-Owned Restricted Subsidiary
means, at any time, (a) with respect to Domestic Subsidiaries, any Restricted
Subsidiary one hundred percent (100%) of all of the equity interests (except
directors qualifying shares) and voting interests of which are owned by
any one or more of the Company and the Companys other wholly-owned
Restricted Subsidiaries at such time, and (b) with respect to Foreign
Subsidiaries, any Restricted Subsidiary ninety-five percent (95%) or more of all
of the equity interests (except directors qualifying shares) and voting
interests of which are owned by any one or more of the Company and the
Companys other Wholly-Owned Restricted Subsidiaries at such time.
Yen and ¥ mean the lawful currency
of Japan.
Yen LIBOR means, for any Yen LIBOR
Loan for any Interest Period, the per annum rate (reserve adjusted as provided
below) of interest, rounded upwards, if necessary, to the nearest one-sixteenth
of one percent (0.0625%), at which Japanese Yen deposits in immediately
available funds are offered in the interbank eurodollar market as presented on
Telerate Page 3750 as of 11:00 A.M., London time, two Business Days prior to the
beginning of such Interest Period, for delivery on the first day of such
Interest Period for a period approximately equal to such Interest Period and in
an amount equal or comparable to the Yen LIBOR Loan of Bank of America to which
such Interest Period relates. The foregoing rate of interest shall be reserve
adjusted by dividing Yen LIBOR by one minus the Yen LIBOR Reserve Percentage,
with such quotient to be rounded upward to the nearest whole multiple of
one-hundredth of one percent (0.01%). All references in this Agreement or other
Loan Documents to Yen LIBOR shall mean and include the aforesaid reserve
adjustment. Telerate Page 3750 means the display designated as
Page 3750 (or such other page as may replace Page 3750) on the
Associated Press-Dow Jones Telerate Service or such other service as may be
nominated by the British Bankers Association as the information vendor for
the purpose of displaying British Bankers Association interest settlement
rates for Japanese Yen deposits or, in the absence of such availability, by
reference to the average (rounded upwards, if necessary, to the nearest
one-sixteenth of one percent (0.0625%)) of the rates at which three major banks
designated by the Administrative Agent are offered Japanese Yen deposits at or
about 11:00 A.M., London time, two Business Days prior to the beginning of such
Interest Period in the interbank eurodollar market.
Yen LIBOR Loan means a Loan bearing
interest, at all times during an Interest Period applicable to such Loan, at a
fixed rate of interest determined by reference to Yen LIBOR.
17
Yen LIBOR Office means, with respect
to any Lender, the office or offices of such Lender which shall be making or
maintaining the Yen LIBOR Loans of such Lender hereunder. A Yen LIBOR Office of
any Lender may be, at the option of such Lender, either a domestic or foreign
office.
Yen LIBOR Reserve Percentage means,
relative to any Yen LIBOR Loan for any Interest Period, the maximum reserve
percentage (expressed as a decimal, rounded upward to the nearest 1/100th of 1%)
in effect on the date Yen LIBOR for such Interest Period is determined under
regulations issued from time to time by the FRB, the Japanese Ministry of
Finance or the Bank of Japan (or any successor regulatory body) for determining
the maximum reserve requirement (including any emergency, supplemental or other
marginal reserve requirement) with respect to Eurocurrency funding (currently
referred to as Eurocurrency liabilities) having a term comparable to
such Interest Period.
(a)
Other Interpretive Provisions . The meanings of defined terms are equally
applicable to the singular and plural forms of the defined terms.
(b) Section, clause,
Schedule
and Exhibit references are to this Agreement unless otherwise
specified.
(c) (i)
The term "including" is not limiting and means "including without
limitation."
(ii) In the computation of periods of time from a
specified date to a later specified date, the word from means
from and including; the words to and until
each mean to but excluding, and the word through means
to and including.
(d) Unless otherwise expressly
provided herein, (i)
references to agreements (including this Agreement)
and other contractual instruments shall be deemed to include all subsequent
amendments and other modifications thereto, but only to the extent such
amendments and other modifications are not prohibited by the terms of any Loan
Document, and (ii)
references to any statute or regulation are to be
construed as including all statutory and regulatory provisions consolidating,
amending, replacing, supplementing or interpreting such statute or regulation.
(e) This Agreement and
the other Loan Documents may use several different limitations, tests or
measurements to regulate the same or similar matters. All such limitations,
tests and measurements are cumulative and shall each be performed in accordance
with their terms.
(f) This Agreement and
the other Loan Documents are the result of negotiations among and have been
reviewed by counsel to the Administrative Agent, the Company, the Lenders and
the other parties thereto and are the products of all parties. Accordingly, they
shall not be construed against the Administrative Agent or the Lenders merely
because of the Administrative Agents or Lenders involvement in their
preparation.
18
SECTION 2 COMMITMENTS OF THE
BANKS; BORROWING, CONVERSION AND LETTER OF CREDIT PROCEDURES.
2.1 Commitments. On and
subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, each of the Lenders,
severally and for itself alone, agrees to make loans to, and to issue or
participate in the issuance of letters of credit for the account of, the Company
as follows:
2.1.1 Loans. Each Lender
will make loans on a revolving basis (Loans) from time to
time before the Termination Date in such Lenders Percentage of such
aggregate amounts as the Company may from time to time request from all Lenders;
provided that the Total Outstandings will not at any time exceed the
Commitment Amount.
2.1.2 L/C
Commitment. (a) The Issuing Lenders will issue
letters of credit, in each case containing such terms and conditions as are
permitted by this Agreement and are reasonably satisfactory to the applicable
Issuing Lender and the Company (each a Letter of Credit), at
the request of and for the account of the Company or any Subsidiary from time to
time before the Termination Date and (b) as more fully set forth in
Section 2.3.5, each Lender agrees to purchase a participation in
each such Letter of Credit; provided that the aggregate Stated Amount of
all Letters of Credit shall not at any time exceed the lesser of
(i) $5,000,000 and (ii) the excess, if any, of the Commitment Amount
over the aggregate principal amount of all outstanding Loans.
2.2 Loan Procedures.
2.2.1 Various Types of Loans .
Each Loan shall be either a Floating Rate Loan, a Yen LIBOR Loan or a Eurodollar
Loan (each a type of Loan), as the Company shall specify in
the related notice of borrowing or conversion pursuant to
Section 2.2.2 or 2.2.3. Yen LIBOR Loans or Eurodollar
Loans having the same Interest Period are sometimes called a
Group or collectively Groups. Floating
Rate Loans, Yen LIBOR Loans and Eurodollar Loans may be outstanding at the same
time; provided that (i) not more than five different Groups of Yen
LIBOR Loans shall be outstanding at any one time, (ii) the aggregate
principal amount of each Group of Yen LIBOR Loans shall at all times be at least
¥600,000,000 and an integral multiple of ¥100,000,000, (iii) not more
than five different Groups of Eurodollar Loans shall be outstanding at any one
time and (iv) the aggregate principal amount of each Group of Eurodollar Loans
shall at all times be at least $5,000,000 and an integral multiple of
$1,000,000. All borrowings, conversions and repayments of Loans shall be
effected so that each Lender will have a pro rata share (according to its
Percentage) of all types and Groups of Loans.
2.2.2 Borrowing
Procedures. The Company shall give written or telephonic (followed promptly
by written confirmation thereof) notice to the Administrative Agent of each
proposed borrowing not later than (a) in the case of a Floating Rate
borrowing, noon, New York time, on the proposed date of such borrowing,
(b) in the case of a Yen LIBOR borrowing, 10:00 A.M., New York time, at
least five Business Days prior to the proposed date of such borrowing, and (c)
in the case of a Eurodollar borrowing, 10:00 A.M., New York time, at least
three Business Days
19
prior to the proposed date
of such borrowing. Each such notice shall be effective upon receipt by the
Administrative Agent, shall be irrevocable, and shall specify the date, amount
and type of borrowing and, in the case of a Yen LIBOR or Eurodollar borrowing,
the initial Interest Period therefor. Promptly upon receipt of such notice, the
Administrative Agent shall advise each Lender thereof. Not later than 2:00 p.m.,
New York time, on the date of a proposed borrowing, each Lender shall provide
the Administrative Agent at the office specified by the Administrative Agent
with (a) in the case of a Yen LIBOR borrowing, Yen in immediately available
funds, or (b) in the case of a Floating Rate borrowing or a Eurodollar
borrowing, Dollars in immediately available funds, in each case covering such
Lenders Percentage of such borrowing and, so long as the Administrative
Agent has not received written notice that the conditions precedent set forth in
Section 11 with respect to such borrowing have not been satisfied,
the Administrative Agent shall pay over the requested amount to the Company on
the requested borrowing date. Each borrowing shall be on a Business Day. Each
Floating Rate borrowing shall be in an aggregate amount of $1,000,000 or an
integral multiple thereof. Each other borrowing shall be in the applicable
amount required for a Group pursuant to Section 2.2.1.
2.2.3 Conversion and
Continuation Procedures. (a) Subject to the provisions of Section 2.2.1
,
the Company may, upon irrevocable written notice to the Administrative Agent in
accordance with clause (b) below:
(i)
elect, as of any Business Day, to convert any
outstanding Floating Rate Loan into a Eurodollar Loan or any outstanding
Eurodollar Loan to a Floating Rate Loan; or
(ii)
elect, as of the last day of the applicable Interest
Period, to continue any Group of Yen LIBOR Loans or Eurodollar Loans having an
Interest Period expiring on such day (or any part thereof in the applicable
amount required for a Group pursuant to Section 2.2.1) for a new Interest
Period.
(b) The Company shall give
written or telephonic (followed promptly by written confirmation thereof) notice
to the Administrative Agent of each proposed conversion or continuation not
later than (i) in the case of conversion of Eurodollar Loans into Floating Rate
Loans, 11:00 a.m., New York time, on the proposed date of such conversion, (ii)
in the case of continuation of Yen LIBOR Loans, 11:00 a.m., New York time, at
least five Business Days prior to the proposed date of such continuation, and
(iii) in the case of a conversion of Floating Rate Loans into or continuation of
Eurodollar Loans, 11:00 a.m., New York time, at least three Business Days prior
to the proposed date of such conversion or continuation, specifying in each
case:
(1)
the proposed date of conversion or continuation;
(2)
the aggregate amount and currency of the Loans to be converted or
continued;
20
(3)
the type of Loans resulting from the proposed conversion
or
continuation; and
(4)
in the case of continuation of Yen LIBOR Loans or conversion into,
or continuation of, Eurodollar Loans, the duration of the requested Interest
Period therefor.
(c) If upon expiration of any Interest
Period applicable to Yen LIBOR Loans, the Company has failed to select timely a
new Interest Period to be applicable to such Yen LIBOR Loans, the Company shall
be deemed to have elected to continue such Yen LIBOR Loans for a one-month
Interest Period.
(d) If upon expiration of any Interest
Period applicable to Eurodollar Loans, the Company has failed to select timely a
new Interest Period to be applicable to such Eurodollar Loans, the Company shall
be deemed to have elected to convert such Eurodollar Loans into Floating Rate
Loans effective on the last day of such Interest Period.
(e) The Administrative Agent will promptly
notify each Lender of its receipt of a notice of conversion or continuation
pursuant to this Section 2.2.3 or, if no timely notice is provided by the
Company, of the details of any automatic continuation or conversion.
(f) Unless the Required Lenders otherwise
consent, during the existence of any Event of Default or Unmatured Event of
Default, the Company may not elect to have a Floating Rate Loan converted into
or continued as a Eurodollar Loan.
2.3 Letter of Credit
Procedures.
2.3.1 L/C Applications.
The Company shall give notice to the Administrative Agent and the applicable
Issuing Lender of the proposed issuance of each Letter of Credit on a Business
Day which is at least three Business Days (or such lesser number of days as the
Administrative Agent and such Issuing Lender shall agree in any particular
instance) prior to the proposed date of issuance of such Letter of Credit. Each
such notice shall be accompanied by an L/C Application, duly executed by the
Company (together with any Subsidiary for the account of which the related
Letter of Credit is to be issued) and in all respects satisfactory to the
Administrative Agent and the applicable Issuing Lender, together with such other
documentation as the Administrative Agent or such Issuing Lender may reasonably
request in support thereof, it being understood that each L/C Application shall
specify, among other things, the date on which the proposed Letter of Credit is
to be issued, whether such Letter of Credit is to be transferable in whole or in
part and the expiration date of such Letter of Credit (which shall not be later
than the Termination Date and shall not result in the aggregate Stated Amount of
all Letters of Credit scheduled to be outstanding after any date on which the
Commitment Amount is scheduled to be reduced pursuant to Section 6.1(d),
plus the aggregate principal amount of all Yen LIBOR Loans and Eurodollar Loans
having Interest Periods ending after such date, to exceed the Commitment Amount
scheduled to be in effect at the close of business on such date). So long as the
applicable Issuing Lender has not received written notice that the conditions
precedent set forth
21
in Section 11
with respect to the issuance of such Letter of Credit have not been satisfied,
such Issuing Lender shall issue such Letter of Credit on the requested issuance
date. Each Issuing Lender shall promptly advise the Administrative Agent of the
issuance of each Letter of Credit by such Issuing Lender and of any amendment
thereto, extension thereof or event or circumstance changing the amount
available for drawing thereunder.
2.3.2 Participations in Letters of
Credit. Concurrently with the issuance of each Letter of Credit, the
applicable Issuing Lender shall be deemed to have sold and transferred to each
other Lender, and each other Lender shall be deemed irrevocably and
unconditionally to have purchased and received from such Issuing Lender, without
recourse or warranty, an undivided interest and participation, to the extent of
such other Lenders Percentage, in such Letter of Credit and the
Companys reimbursement obligations with respect thereto. For the purposes
of this Agreement, the unparticipated portion of each Letter of Credit shall be
deemed to be the applicable Issuing Lenders participation
therein. Each Issuing Lender hereby agrees, upon request of the Administrative
Agent or any Lender, to deliver to such Lender a list of all outstanding Letters
of Credit issued by such Issuing Lender, together with such information related
thereto as such Lender may reasonably request.
2.3.3 Reimbursement
Obligations. The Company hereby unconditionally and irrevocably agrees to
reimburse the applicable Issuing Lender for each payment or disbursement made by
such Issuing Lender under any Letter of Credit honoring any demand for payment
made by the beneficiary thereunder, in each case on the date that such payment
or disbursement is made. Any amount not reimbursed on the date of such payment
or disbursement shall bear interest from the date of such payment or
disbursement to the date that such Issuing Lender is reimbursed by the Company
therefor, payable on demand, at a rate per annum equal to the Base Rate from
time to time in effect plus the Floating Rate Margin from time to time in
effect plus, beginning on the third Business Day after receipt of notice
from the Issuing Lender of such payment or disbursement, 2%. The applicable
Issuing Lender shall notify the Company and the Administrative Agent whenever
any demand for payment is made under any Letter of Credit by the beneficiary
thereunder; provided, that the failure of such Issuing Lender to so
notify the Company shall not affect the rights of such Issuing Lender or the
Lenders in any manner whatsoever.
2.3.4 Limitation on Obligations of Issuing
Lenders. In determining whether to pay under any Letter of Credit, no
Issuing Lender shall have any obligation to the Company or any Lender other than
to confirm that any documents required to be delivered under such Letter of
Credit appear to have been delivered and appear to comply on their face with the
requirements of such Letter of Credit. Any action taken or omitted by an Issuing
Lender under or in connection with any Letter of Credit, if taken or omitted in
the absence of gross negligence and willful misconduct, shall not impose upon
such Issuing Lender any liability to the Company or any Lender and shall not
reduce or impair the Companys reimbursement obligations set forth in
Section 2.3.3 or the obligations of the Lenders pursuant to
Section 2.3.5.
22
2.3.5 Funding by Lenders
to Issuing Lenders. If an Issuing Lender makes any payment or disbursement
under any Letter of Credit and the Company has not reimbursed such Issuing
Lender in full for such payment or disbursement by noon, New York time, on the
date of such payment or disbursement, or if any reimbursement received by such
Issuing Lender from the Company is or must be returned or rescinded upon or
during any bankruptcy or reorganization of the Company or otherwise, each other
Lender shall be obligated to pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of
such Issuing Lender, in full or partial payment of the purchase price of its
participation in such Letter of Credit, its pro rata share (according to its
Percentage) of such payment or disbursement (but no such payment shall diminish
the obligations of the Company under Section 2.3.3), and upon notice
from the applicable Issuing Lender, the Administrative Agent shall promptly
notify each other Lender thereof. Each other Lender irrevocably and
unconditionally agrees to so pay to the Administrative Agent in immediately
available funds for the applicable Issuing Lenders account the amount of
such other Lenders Percentage of such payment or disbursement. If and to
the extent any Lender shall not have made such amount available to the
Administrative Agent by 2:00 P.M., New York time, on the Business Day on which
such Lender receives notice from the Administrative Agent of such payment or
disbursement (it being understood that any such notice received after 1:00 P.M.,
New York time, on any Business Day shall be deemed to have been received on the
next following Business Day), such Lender agrees to pay interest on such amount
to the Administrative Agent for the applicable Issuing Lenders account
forthwith on demand for each day from the date such amount was to have been
delivered to the Administrative Agent to the date such amount is paid, at a rate
per annum equal to (a) for the first three days after demand, the Federal Funds
Rate from time to time in effect and (b) thereafter, the Base Rate from time to
time in effect. Any Lenders failure to make available to the
Administrative Agent its Percentage of any such payment or disbursement shall
not relieve any other Lender of its obligation hereunder to make available to
the Administrative Agent such other Lenders Percentage of such payment,
but no Lender shall be responsible for the failure of any other Lender to make
available to the Administrative Agent such other Lenders Percentage of any
such payment or disbursement.
2.4 Commitments Several.
The failure of any Lender to make a requested Loan on any date shall not relieve
any other Lender of its obligation (if any) to make a Loan on such date, but no
Lender shall be responsible for the failure of any other Lender to make any Loan
to be made by such other Lender.
2.5 Certain Conditions.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, no Lender shall have an
obligation to make any Loan, to permit the continuation of any Yen LIBOR Loan or
to permit the continuation of or any conversion into any Eurodollar Loan, and no
Issuing Lender shall have any obligation to issue any Letter of Credit, if an
Event of Default or Unmatured Event of Default exists.
23
SECTION 3 NOTES EVIDENCING LOANS.
3.1 Notes. The Loans of
each Lender shall be evidenced by a promissory note (each a
Note) payable to the order of such Lender substantially in
the form set forth in Exhibit A.
3.2 Recordkeeping. Each
Lender shall record in its records, or at its option on the schedule attached to
its Note, the date and amount of each Loan made by such Lender, each repayment
or conversion thereof and, in the case of each Yen LIBOR Loan or Eurodollar
Loan, the dates on which each Interest Period for such Loan shall begin and end.
The aggregate unpaid principal amount so recorded shall be rebuttable
presumptive evidence of the principal amount owing and unpaid on such Note. The
failure to so record any such amount or any error in so recording any such
amount shall not, however, limit or otherwise affect the obligations of the
Company hereunder or under any Note to repay the principal amount of the Loans
evidenced by such Note together with all interest accruing thereon.
SECTION 4 INTEREST.
4.1 Interest Rates. The
Company promises to pay interest on the unpaid principal amount of each Loan for
the period commencing on the date of such Loan until such Loan is paid in full
as follows:
(a) in the case of a Loan in
Dollars, (i) at all times while such Loan is a Floating Rate Loan, at a rate per
annum equal to the sum of the Base Rate from time to time in effect plus the
Floating Rate Margin from time to time in effect; and (ii) at all times while
such Loan is a Eurodollar Loan, at a rate per annum equal to the sum of the
Eurodollar Rate (Reserve Adjusted) applicable to each Interest Period for such
Loan plus the Eurodollar/Yen LIBOR Margin from time to time in effect; and
(b) in the case of a Yen
LIBOR Loan, at a rate per annum equal to the sum of the Yen LIBOR applicable to
each Interest Period for such Loan plus the Eurodollar/Yen LIBOR Margin in
effect;
provided that upon
request of the Required Lenders at any time an Event of Default exists, the
interest rate applicable to each Loan shall be increased by 2%.
4.2 Interest Payment
Dates. Accrued interest on each Floating Rate Loan shall be payable in
arrears on the last Business Day of each calendar quarter and at maturity.
Accrued interest on each Yen LIBOR Loan and Eurodollar Loan shall be payable on
the last day of each Interest Period relating to such Loan (and, in the case of
a Yen LIBOR Loan or Eurodollar Loan with a six-month Interest Period, on the
three-month anniversary of the first day of such Interest Period) and at
maturity. After maturity, accrued interest on all Loans shall be payable on
demand.
24
4.3 Setting and Notice of
Rates. (a) The applicable Yen LIBOR for each Interest Period shall be
determined by the Administrative Agent, and notice thereof shall be given by the
Administrative Agent promptly to the Company and each Lender.
(b) The applicable Eurodollar
Rate for each Interest Period shall be determined by the Administrative Agent,
and notice thereof shall be given by the Administrative Agent promptly to the
Company and each Lender.
(c) Each determination of the
applicable Yen LIBOR or Eurodollar Rate by the Administrative Agent shall be
conclusive and binding upon the parties hereto, in the absence of demonstrable
error. The Administrative Agent shall, upon written request of the Company or
any Lender, deliver to the Company or such Lender a statement showing the
computations used by the Administrative Agent in determining any applicable Yen
LIBOR or Eurodollar Rate hereunder.
4.4 Computation of
Interest. All computations of interest for Floating Rate Loans when the Base
Rate is determined by the Prime Rate shall be made on the basis of a year of 365
or 366 days, as the case may be, and for the actual number of days elapsed. All
other computations of interest shall be made on the basis of a year of 360 days
and for the actual number of days elapsed. The applicable interest rate for each
Floating Rate Loan shall change simultaneously with each change in the Base
Rate.
4.4 SECTION
5 FEES.
5.1 Commitment Fee. The
Company agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of each Lender
a commitment fee, for the period from the Signing Date to the Termination Date,
at a rate per annum equal to the Commitment Fee Rate in effect from time to time
of the actual amount of the unused Dollar Equivalent amount of such
Lenders Percentage of the Commitment Amount as of the end of each day in
such period. For purposes of calculating usage under this Section, the
Commitment Amount shall be deemed used to the extent of the aggregate principal
amount of all outstanding Loans plus the Stated Amount of all Letters of Credit.
Such commitment fee shall be payable in arrears on the last Business Day of each
calendar quarter and on the Termination Date for any period then ending for
which such commitment fee shall not have theretofore been paid. The commitment
fee shall be computed for the actual number of days elapsed on the basis of a
year of 360 days.
5.2 Closing Fee. The
Company agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Lenders
pro rata according to their respective Percentages on the Closing Date a closing
fee equal to $480,000 (less any portion of such fee previously paid to the
Lenders by the Company).
5.3 Letter of Credit Fees.
The Company agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of the
Lenders pro rata according to their respective Percentages a letter of
25
credit fee for each
standby
Letter of Credit in an amount equal to the rate per annum in effect from time to
time pursuant to Schedule 1.1 of the undrawn amount of such standby
Letter of Credit (computed for the actual number of days elapsed on the basis of
a year of 360 days); provided that upon request of the Required Lenders
at any time an Event of Default exists, the rate applicable to each standby
Letter of Credit shall be increased by 2%. Such letter of credit fee shall be
payable in arrears on the last Business Day of each calendar quarter and on the
Termination Date for the period from the date of the issuance of each standby
Letter of Credit to the date such payment is due or, if earlier, the date on
which such standby Letter of Credit expired or was terminated. After the
Termination Date, such letter of credit fee shall be payable on demand.
(b) The Company agrees to
pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Lenders pro rata
according to their respective Percentages a letter of credit fee for each
commercial Letter of Credit in an amount equal to the greater of 0.125% of the
face amount of such Letter of Credit and $100. Such letter of credit fee shall
be payable for each commercial Letter of Credit on the earlier of the last
Business Day of the calendar quarter in which such Letter of Credit is issued
and the Termination Date.
(c) The
Company agrees to pay each Issuing Lender a fronting fee for each Letter of
Credit issued by such Issuing Lender in an amount separately agreed to between
the Company and such Issuing Lender.
(d) In addition, with
respect to each Letter of Credit, the Company agrees to pay to the applicable
Issuing Lender, for its own account, such fees and expenses as such Issuing
Lender customarily requires in connection with the issuance, negotiation,
processing and/or administration of letters of credit in similar situations.
5.4 Administrative Agents
Fees. The Company agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent such
administrative
agents fees as are mutually agreed to from time to time by the Company and
the Administrative Agent.
SECTION 6 REDUCTION IN THE
COMMITMENT AMOUNT; PREPAYMENTS.
6.1 Reductions in the
Commitment Amount.
6.1.1
Voluntary Reductions of the Commitment Amount. The Company may from time
to
time on at least five Business Days prior written notice received by the
Administrative Agent (which shall promptly advise each Lender thereof)
permanently reduce the Commitment Amount to an amount not less than the Total
Outstandings. Any such reduction shall be in an amount not less than $5,000,000
or a higher integral multiple of $1,000,000. The Company may at any time on like
notice terminate the Commitments upon payment in full of all Loans and all other
obligations of the Company hereunder and cash collateralization in full,
pursuant to documentation in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the
Administrative Agent, of all
26
obligations arising with
respect to Letters of Credit. All reductions of the Commitment Amount shall
reduce the amounts of the Commitments of the Lenders pro rata according to their
respective Percentages.
6.1.2 Mandatory Reductions
in the Commitment Amount. The Commitment Amount shall be
reduced by $15,000,000 on each anniversary of the Signing Date.
6.2 Prepayments.
(a)
Voluntary Prepayments. The Company may from time to time prepay the Loans
in whole or in part; provided that the Company shall give the
Administrative Agent (which shall promptly advise each Lender) notice thereof
not later than 11:00 A.M., New York time, on the day of such prepayment (which
shall be a Business Day), specifying the Loans to be prepaid and the date and
amount of prepayment. Each partial prepayment of Floating Rate Loans and
Eurodollar Loans shall be in an aggregate principal amount of $1,000,000 or an
integral multiple thereof and each partial prepayment of Yen LIBOR Loans shall
be in an aggregate principal amount of ¥100,000,000 or an integral multiple
thereof. After giving effect to any partial prepayment, each borrowing of Yen
LIBOR Loans and Eurodollar Loans shall be in the applicable amount required for
a Group pursuant to Section 2.2.1.
(b)
Mandatory Prepayments. On each date on which the Commitment Amount is
reduced pursuant to Section 6.1.2, the Company shall prepay Loans in the
amount, if any, by which the Total Outstandings exceed the Commitments after
giving effect to such reduction.
(c)
All Prepayments. All prepayments shall be applied to prepay the Loans of
the Banks pro rata according to their respective Percentages. Any prepayment of
a Yen LIBOR Loan or Eurodollar Loan on a day other than the last day of an
Interest Period therefor shall include interest on the principal amount being
repaid and shall be subject to Section 8.4
SECTION 7 MAKING AND PRORATION
OF PAYMENTS; SETOFF; TAXES.
7.1 Making of Payments.
All payments of principal of or interest on the Notes, and of all fees, shall be
made by the Company to the Administrative Agent in immediately available funds
at the office specified by the Administrative Agent not later than 1:00 P.M.,
New York time, on the date due; and funds received after that hour shall be
deemed to have been received by the Administrative Agent on the next following
Business Day. The Administrative Agent shall promptly remit to each Lender its
share of all such payments received in collected funds by the Administrative
Agent for the account of such Lender.
All payments under Section 8.1 shall be made by
the Company directly to the Lender entitled thereto.
27
7.2 Application of Certain
Payments. Each payment of principal shall be applied to such Loans as the
Company shall direct by notice to be received by the Administrative Agent on or
before the date of such payment or, in the absence of such notice, as the
Administrative Agent shall determine in its discretion. Concurrently with each
remittance to any Lender of its share of any such payment, the Administrative
Agent shall advise such Lender as to the application of such payment.
7.3 Due Date Extension.
If any payment of principal or interest with respect to any of the Loans, or of
any fees, falls due on a day which is not a Business Day, then such due date
shall be extended to the immediately following Business Day (unless, in the case
of a Yen LIBOR Loan or Eurodollar Loan, such immediately following Business Day
is the first Business Day of a calendar month, in which case such date shall be
the immediately preceding Business Day) and, in the case of principal,
additional interest shall accrue and be payable for the period of any such
extension.
7.4 Setoff. The Company
agrees that the Administrative Agent and each Lender have all rights of set-off
and bankers lien provided by applicable law, and in addition thereto, the
Company agrees that at any time any Event of Default exists, the Administrative
Agent and each Lender may apply to the payment of any obligations of the Company
hereunder, whether or not then due, any and all balances, credits, deposits,
accounts or moneys of the Company then or thereafter with the Administrative
Agent or such Lender.
7.5 Proration of Payments.
If any Lender shall obtain any payment or other recovery (whether voluntary,
involuntary, by application of offset or otherwise, but excluding any payment
pursuant to Section 8.7 or 14.9) on account of principal of or
interest on any Loan (or on account of its participation in any Letter of
Credit) in excess of its pro rata share of payments and other recoveries
obtained by all Lenders on account of principal of and interest on Loans (or
such participation) then held by them, such Lender shall purchase from the other
Lenders such participation in the Loans (or sub-participation in Letters of
Credit) held by them as shall be necessary to cause such purchasing Lender to
share the excess payment or other recovery ratably with each of them;
provided that if all or any portion of the excess payment or other
recovery is thereafter recovered from such purchasing Lender, the purchase shall
be rescinded and the purchase price restored to the extent of such recovery.
7.6 Taxes. (a) All
payments
of principal of, and interest on, the Loans and all other amounts payable
hereunder shall be made free and clear of and without deduction for any present
or future income, excise, stamp or franchise taxes and other taxes, fees,
duties, withholdings or other charges of any nature whatsoever imposed by any
taxing authority, but excluding franchise taxes and taxes imposed on or measured
by any Lenders net income or receipts (all non-excluded items being called
Taxes). If any withholding or deduction from any payment to
be made by the Company hereunder is required in respect of any Taxes pursuant to
any applicable law, rule or regulation, then the Company will:
28
(i)
pay directly to the relevant authority the full amount required to be so
withheld or deducted;
(ii) promptly forward to the
Administrative Agent an official receipt or other documentation satisfactory
to the Administrative Agent evidencing such payment to such authority; and
(iii)
(except to the extent such withholding or deduction would not be required if
such Lenders Exemption Representation were true) pay to the Administrative
Agent for the account of the Lenders such additional amount or amounts as is
necessary to ensure that the net amount actually received by each Lender will
equal the full amount such Lender would have received had no such withholding or
deduction been required.
Moreover, if any Taxes are
directly asserted against the Administrative Agent or any Lender with respect to
any payment received by the Administrative Agent or such Lender hereunder, the
Administrative Agent or such Lender may pay such Taxes and the Company will
(except to the extent such Taxes are payable by a Lender and would not have been
payable if such Lenders Exemption Representation were true) promptly pay
such additional amounts (including any penalty, interest and expense) as is
necessary in order that the net amount received by such Person after the payment
of such Taxes (including any Taxes on such additional amount) shall equal the
amount such Person would have received had such Taxes not been asserted.
(b) If the Company fails
to pay any Taxes when due to the appropriate taxing authority or fails to remit
to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the respective Lenders, the
required receipts or other required documentary evidence, the Company shall
indemnify the Lenders for any incremental Taxes, interest or penalties that may
become payable by any Lender as a result of any such failure. For purposes of
this Section 7.6, a distribution hereunder by the Administrative Agent or
any Lender to or for the account of any Lender shall be deemed a payment by the
Company.
(c) Each Lender
represents and warrants (such Lenders Exemption
Representation) to the Company and the Administrative Agent that, as
of the date of this Agreement (or, in the case of an Assignee, the date it
becomes a party hereto), it is entitled to receive payments hereunder without
any deduction or withholding for or on account of any Taxes imposed by the
United States of America or any political subdivision or taxing authority
thereof.
(d) Upon the request from
time to time of the Company or the Administrative Agent, each Lender that is
organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than the United States of
America shall execute and deliver to the Company and the Administrative Agent
one or more (as the Company or the Administrative Agent may reasonably request)
United States Internal Revenue Service Forms W-8ECI or W-8BEN or such other
forms or documents, appropriately completed, as may be applicable to establish
the extent, if any, to which a payment to such Lender is exempt from withholding
or deduction of Taxes.
29
(e) If, and to the extent
that, any Lender shall obtain a credit, relief or remission for, or repayment
of, any Taxes indemnified or paid by the Company pursuant to this Section
7.6, such Lender agrees to promptly notify the Company thereof and thereupon
enter into negotiations in good faith with the Company to determine the basis on
which an equitable reimbursement of such Taxes can be made to the Company.
(f) All obligations of
the Company and the Lenders under this Section 7.6 shall survive
repayment of the Loans, cancellation of the Notes, cancellation or expiration of
the Letters of Credit and any termination of this Agreement.
(g)
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 7.6 if any
Lender fails to notify the Company of any event or circumstance which will
entitle such Lender to compensation pursuant to this Section 7.6 within
180 days after such Lender obtains knowledge of such event or circumstance, then
such Lender shall not be entitled to compensation from the Company for any
amount arising prior to the date which is 180 days before the date on which such
Lender notifies the Company of such event or circumstance.
SECTION 8
INCREASED COSTS; SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR YEN LIBOR LOANS AND EURODOLLAR LOANS.
8.1 Increased Costs
..
(a) If, after the date hereof, the adoption of any applicable law,
rule or regulation, or any change therein, or any change in the interpretation
or administration thereof by any Governmental Authority, central bank or
comparable agency charged with the interpretation or administration thereof, or
compliance by any Lender (or any Yen LIBOR Office or Eurodollar Office of such
Lender) with any request or directive (whether or not having the force of law)
of any such authority, central bank or comparable agency
(i)
shall subject any Lender (or any Yen LIBOR Office or Eurodollar Office of such
Lender) to any tax, duty or other charge with respect to its Yen LIBOR Loans or
Eurodollar Loans, its Note or its obligation to make Yen LIBOR Loans or
Eurodollar Loans, or shall change the basis of taxation of payments to any
Lender of the principal of or interest on its Yen LIBOR Loans or Eurodollar
Loans or any other amounts due under this Agreement in respect of its Yen LIBOR
Loans or Eurodollar Loans or its obligation to make Yen LIBOR Loans or
Eurodollar Loans (except for changes in the rate of tax on the overall net
income of such Lender or its Yen LIBOR Office or Eurodollar Office imposed by
the jurisdiction in which such Lenders principal executive office, Yen
LIBOR Office or Eurodollar Office is located); or
(ii)
shall impose, modify or deem applicable any reserve (including any reserve
imposed by the FRB, but excluding any reserve included in the determination of
interest rates pursuant to Section 4), special deposit or similar
requirement against assets of, deposits with or for the account of, or credit
extended by any Lender (or any Yen LIBOR Office or Eurodollar Office of such
Lender); or
30
(iii)
shall impose on any Lender (or its Yen LIBOR Office or Eurodollar Office) any
other condition affecting its Yen LIBOR Loans or Eurodollar Loans, its Note or
its obligation to make Yen LIBOR Loans or Eurodollar Loans;
and the result of any of
the foregoing is to increase the cost to (or in the case of Regulation D of the
FRB, to impose a cost on) such Lender (or any Yen LIBOR Office or Eurodollar
Office of such Lender) of making or maintaining any Yen LIBOR Loan or Eurodollar
Loan, or to reduce the amount of any sum received or receivable by such Lender
(or its Yen LIBOR Office or Eurodollar Office) under this Agreement or under its
Note with respect thereto, then within 10 days after demand by such Lender
(which demand shall be accompanied by a statement setting forth the basis for
such demand and a calculation of the amount thereof in reasonable detail, a copy
of which shall be furnished to the Administrative Agent), the Company shall pay
directly to such Lender such additional amount as will compensate such Lender
for such increased cost or such reduction.
(b) If any Lender shall
reasonably determine that the adoption or phase-in of any applicable law, rule
or regulation regarding capital adequacy, or any change therein, or any change
in the interpretation or administration thereof by any Governmental Authority,
central bank or comparable agency charged with the interpretation or
administration thereof, or compliance by any Lender or any Person controlling
such Lender with any request or directive regarding capital adequacy (whether or
not having the force of law) of any such authority, central bank or comparable
agency, has or would have the effect of reducing the rate of return on such
Lender's or such controlling Person's capital as a consequence of such Lender's
obligations hereunder or under any Letter of Credit to a level below that which
such Lender or such controlling Person could have achieved but for such
adoption, change or compliance (taking into consideration such Lender's or such
controlling Person's policies with respect to capital adequacy) by an amount
deemed by such Lender or such controlling Person to be material, then from time
to time, within 10 days after demand by such Lender (which demand shall be
accompanied by a statement setting forth the basis for such demand and a
calculation of the amount thereof in reasonable detail, a copy of which shall be
furnished to the Administrative Agent), the Company shall pay to such Lender
such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender or such
controlling Person for such reduction.
(c) Notwithstanding the
foregoing provisions of this Section 8.1, if any Lender fails to notify the
Company of any event or circumstance which will entitle such Lender
to compensation pursuant to this Section 8.1 within 180 days after
such Lender obtains knowledge of such event or circumstance, then such Lender
shall not be entitled to compensation from the Company for any amount arising
prior to the date which is 180 days before the date on which such Lender
notifies the Company of such event or circumstance.
8.2
Basis for Determining Interest Rate Inadequate or Unfair. If with respect to the
relevant Loan for any Interest Period:
31
(a)
deposits in Yen or Dollars, as applicable, in the relevant amounts are not being
offered to the Administrative Agent in the interbank eurodollar market for such
Interest Period, or the Administrative Agent otherwise reasonably determines
(which determination shall be binding and conclusive on the Company) that by
reason of circumstances affecting the interbank eurodollar market adequate and
reasonable means do not exist for ascertaining the applicable Yen LIBOR or
Eurodollar Rate; or
(b)
Lenders having an aggregate Percentage of 40% or more advise the Administrative
Agent that Yen LIBOR or the Eurodollar Rate (Reserve Adjusted) as determined by
the Administrative Agent will not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to such
Lenders of maintaining or funding Yen LIBOR Loans or Eurodollar Loans, as the
case may be, for such Interest Period (taking into account any amount to which
such Lenders may be entitled under Section 8.1) or that the making or
funding of Yen LIBOR Loans or Eurodollar Loans has become impracticable as a
result of an event occurring after the date of this Agreement which in the
opinion of such Lenders materially affects such Loans;
then the
Administrative Agent shall promptly notify the other parties thereof and, so
long as such circumstances shall continue, (x) no Lender shall be under any
obligation to make or convert into Eurodollar Loans or Yen LIBOR Loans, as
applicable, (y) on the last day of the current Interest Period for each Yen
LIBOR Loan, such Loan shall be repaid in full, and (z) on the last day of the
current Interest Period for each Eurodollar Loan, such Loan shall (unless then
repaid) automatically convert to a Floating Rate Loan.
8.3
Changes in Law Rendering Loans Unlawful. If any change in (including the
adoption of any new) applicable laws or regulations, or any change in the
interpretation of applicable laws or regulations by any governmental or other
regulatory body charged with the administration thereof, should make it (or in
the good faith judgment of any Lender cause a substantial question as to whether
it is) unlawful for any Lender to make, maintain or fund Eurodollar Loans or Yen
LIBOR Loans, then such Lender shall promptly notify the Company and the
Administrative Agent and, so long as such circumstances shall continue:
(a) In the case of Eurodollar
Loans, (i) such Lender shall have no obligation to make or convert into
Eurodollar Loans (but shall make Floating Rate Loans concurrently with the
making of or conversion into Eurodollar Loans by the Lenders which are not so
affected, in each case in an amount equal to such Lender's pro rata share of all
Eurodollar Loans which would be made or converted into at such time in the
absence of such circumstances) and (ii) on the last day of the current Interest
Period for each Eurodollar Loan of such Lender (or, in any event, on such
earlier date as may be required by the relevant law, regulation or
interpretation), such Eurodollar Loan shall, unless then repaid in full,
automatically convert to a Floating Rate Loan. Each Floating Rate Loan made by a
Lender which, but for the circumstances described in the foregoing sentence,
would be a Eurodollar Loan (an "Affected Loan") shall remain outstanding
for the
32
same period as the Group of Eurodollar Loans of which such Affected Loan would
be a part absent such circumstances.
(b) In the case of Yen LIBOR
Loans, (i) no Lender shall have any obligation to make or continue any Yen LIBOR
Loans and (ii) on the last day of the current Interest Period for each borrowing
of Yen LIBOR Loans, such Yen LIBOR Loans shall be paid in full.
8.4 Funding Losses. The
Company hereby agrees that upon demand by any Lender (which demand shall be
accompanied by a statement setting forth the basis for the amount being claimed,
a copy of which shall be furnished to the Administrative Agent), the Company
will indemnify such Lender against any net loss or expense which such Lender may
sustain or incur (including any net loss or expense incurred by reason of the
liquidation or reemployment of deposits or other funds acquired by such Lender
to fund or maintain any Yen LIBOR Loan or Eurodollar Loan), as reasonably
determined by such Lender, as a result of (a) any payment, prepayment or
conversion of any Yen LIBOR Loan or Eurodollar Loan of such Lender on a date
other than the last day of an Interest Period for such Loan (including any
prepayment or conversion pursuant to Section 8.3) or (b) any failure of
the Company to borrow, continue or convert any Loan on a date specified therefor
in a notice of borrowing or conversion pursuant to this Agreement. For this
purpose, all notices to the Administrative Agent pursuant to this Agreement
shall be deemed to be irrevocable.
8.5 Right of Lenders to Fund
through Other Offices. Each Lender may, if it so elects, fulfill its
commitment as to any Yen LIBOR Loan or Eurodollar Loan by causing a foreign
branch or affiliate of such Lender to make such Loan; provided that in such
event for the purposes of this Agreement such Loan shall be deemed to have been
made by such Lender and the obligation of the Company to repay such Loan shall
nevertheless be to such Lender and shall be deemed held by it, to the extent of
such Loan, for the account of such branch or affiliate.
8.6 Discretion of Lenders as
to Manner of Funding. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the
contrary, each Lender shall be entitled to fund and maintain its funding of all
or any part of its Loans in any manner it sees fit, it being understood,
however, that for the purposes of this Agreement all determinations hereunder
shall be made as if such Lender had actually funded and maintained each Yen
LIBOR Loan and Eurodollar Loan during each Interest Period for such Loan through
the purchase of deposits having a maturity corresponding to such Interest Period
and bearing an interest rate equal to the Yen LIBOR (prior to adjustment for
reserves) or the Eurodollar Rate for such Interest Period, as the case may be.
8.7 Mitigation of
Circumstances; Replacement of Affected Lender. (a) Each Lender shall
promptly notify the Company and the Administrative Agent of any event of which
it has knowledge which will result in, and will use reasonable commercial
efforts available to it (and not, in such Lender's good faith judgment,
otherwise disadvantageous to such Lender) to mitigate or avoid, (i) any
obligation by the Company to pay any amount pursuant to Section 7.6 or
8.1 or
(ii) the occurrence of any circumstance of the nature described in Section
8.2
or 8.3
33
(and, if any Lender has given notice of any such event
described in clause (i) or (ii) above and thereafter such event
ceases to exist, such Lender shall promptly so notify the Company and the
Administrative Agent). Without limiting the foregoing, each Lender will
designate a different funding office if such designation will avoid (or reduce
the cost to the Company of) any event described in clause (i) or
(ii) of the preceding sentence and such designation will not, in such
Lender's sole good faith judgment, be otherwise disadvantageous to such Lender.
(b) At any time any Lender is an
Affected Lender, the Company may replace such Affected Lender as a party to this
Agreement with one or more other banks or financial institutions reasonably
satisfactory to the Administrative Agent (and upon notice from the Company such
Affected Lender shall assign pursuant to an Assignment Agreement, and without
recourse or warranty, its Commitment, its Loans, its Note, its participation in
Letters of Credit, and all of its other rights and obligations hereunder to such
replacement bank(s) or other financial institution(s) for a purchase price equal
to the sum of the principal amount of the Loans so assigned, all accrued and
unpaid interest thereon, its ratable share of all accrued and unpaid fees, any
amounts payable under Section 8.4 as a result of such Lender receiving
payment of any Yen LIBOR Loan or Eurodollar Loan prior to the end of an Interest
Period therefor and all other obligations owed to such Affected Lender
hereunder).
8.8
Conclusiveness of Statements; Survival of Provisions. Determinations and
statements of any Lender pursuant to Section 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 or 8.4
shall be conclusive absent demonstrable error. Lenders may use reasonable
averaging and attribution methods in determining compensation under Sections
8.1 and 8.4, and the provisions of such Sections shall survive
repayment of the Loans, cancellation of the Notes, cancellation or expiration of
the Letters of Credit and any termination of this Agreement.
SECTION 9 WARRANTIES.
To induce the Administrative Agent and the Lenders to
enter into this Agreement and to induce the Lenders to make Loans and issue or
purchase participations in Letters of Credit hereunder, the Company warrants to
the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that:
9.1 Organization, etc. The
Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing
under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation, and is duly qualified as a
foreign corporation and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which such
qualification is required by law, other than those jurisdictions as to which the
failure to be so qualified or in good standing could not, individually or in the
aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company
has the corporate power and authority to own or hold under lease the properties
it purports to own or hold under lease, to transact the business it transacts
and proposes to transact, to execute and deliver this Agreement, the Collateral
Documents to which it is a party and the Notes, and to perform the provisions
hereof and thereof.
34
9.2 Authorization; No
Conflict. This Agreement, the Notes and the Collateral Documents to which
the Company is a party have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate
action on the part of the Company, and this Agreement and each of the Collateral
Documents to which it is a party constitutes, and upon execution and delivery
thereof each Note will constitute, a legal, valid and binding obligation of the
Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as
such enforceability may be limited by (a) applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws affecting the enforcement of
creditors' rights generally, and (b) general principles of equity (regardless of
whether such enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).
The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, the
Notes and each other Loan Document to which it is a party will not (i)
contravene, result in any breach of, or constitute a default under, or result in
the creation of any Lien in respect of any property of the Company or any
Subsidiary under, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan, note purchase or
credit agreement, corporate charter or bylaws, or any other Material agreement,
lease or instrument to which the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or by which
the Company or any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties may be bound
or affected, (ii) conflict with or result in a breach of any of the terms,
conditions or provisions of any order, judgment, decree or ruling of any court,
arbitrator or Governmental Authority applicable to the Company or any
Subsidiary, or (iii) violate any provision of any statute or other rule or
regulation of any Governmental Authority applicable to the Company or any
Subsidiary.
9.3 Financial Condition.
The audited consolidated financial statements of the Company and its Restricted
Subsidiaries for the fiscal years ending December 31, 1998 and December 31, 1999
and the audited consolidated and consolidating financial statements of the
Company and its Subsidiaries for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2000,
copies of which in each case have been furnished prior to the Signing Date to
each Lender which is a party hereto on the Signing Date (including in each case
the related schedules and notes) fairly present in all material respects the
consolidated financial position of the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries
as of the respective dates specified in such Schedule and the consolidated
results of their operations and cash flows for the respective periods so
specified and have been prepared in accordance with GAAP consistently applied
throughout the periods involved except as set forth in the notes thereto
(subject, in the case of any interim financial statements, to normal year-end
adjustments).
9.4 No Material Adverse
Change. Since December 31, 2000, except as disclosed in Schedule 9.4
and in publicly available SEC filings prior to the date hereof, there has been
no Material adverse change in the financial condition, operations, assets,
business, properties or prospects of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a
whole.
9.5 Governmental
Authorizations; etc. No consent, approval or authorization of, or
registration, filing or declaration with, any Governmental Authority is required
in connection with the execution, delivery or performance by the Company or any
of its Restricted Subsidiaries of this Agreement or the other Loan Documents.
35
9.6
Title to Property; Leases. The Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries
have good and sufficient title to their respective properties that individually
or in the aggregate are Material, including all such properties reflected in the
most recent audited balance sheet referred to in Section 9.4 or purported to
have been acquired by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary after said date
(except as sold or otherwise disposed of in the ordinary course of business), in
each case free and clear of Liens prohibited by this Agreement or the Collateral
Documents. All leases that individually or in the aggregate are Material are
valid and subsisting and are in full force and effect in all material respects.
9.7 Subsidiaries
..
(a) Schedule 9.7 contains (except as noted therein) complete
and correct lists (i) of the Company's Subsidiaries, showing, as to each
Subsidiary, the correct name thereof, the jurisdiction of its organization, the
percentage of shares of each class of its capital stock or similar equity
interests outstanding owned by the Company and each other Subsidiary and whether
such Subsidiary is a Restricted Subsidiary or an Unrestricted Subsidiary, and
whether such Subsidiary is a Material Subsidiary, (ii) of the Company's
Affiliates, other than Subsidiaries, and (iii) of the Company's directors and
senior officers.
(b)
All of the outstanding shares of capital stock or similar equity interests of
each Subsidiary shown in Schedule 9.7 as being owned by the Company and
its Subsidiaries have been validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and
are owned by the Company or another Subsidiary free and clear of any Lien
(except for Permitted Liens, directors' qualifying shares, shares required to be
owned by Persons pursuant to applicable foreign laws regarding foreign
ownership, or as otherwise disclosed in Schedule 9.7).
(c)
Each Subsidiary identified in Schedule 9.7 is a corporation or other
legal entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the
laws of its jurisdiction of organization, and is duly qualified as a foreign
corporation or other legal entity and is in good standing in each jurisdiction
in which such qualification is required by law, other than those jurisdictions
as to which the failure to be so qualified or in good standing could not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect. Each such Subsidiary has the corporate or other power and
authority to own or hold under lease the properties it purports to own or hold
under lease and to transact the business it transacts and proposes to transact.
(d)
No Material Subsidiary, is a party to, or otherwise subject to any legal
restriction or any agreement (other than this Agreement, the agreements listed
on Schedule 9.7 and customary limitations imposed by corporate law
statutes) restricting the ability of such Material Subsidiary to pay dividends
out of profits or make any other similar distributions of profits to the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries that owns outstanding shares of capital stock or
similar equity interests of such Material Subsidiary.
9.8 Compliance with
ERISA. (a) The Company and each ERISA Affiliate have operated and
administered each Plan in compliance with all applicable laws except for such
36
instances of noncompliance as have not resulted in and could not reasonably be
expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any
ERISA Affiliate has incurred any liability pursuant to Title I or IV of ERISA or
the penalty or excise tax provisions of the Code relating to employee benefit
plans (as defined in Section 3 of ERISA), and no event, transaction or condition
has occurred or exists that could reasonably be expected to result in the
incurrence of any such liability by the Company or any ERISA Affiliate, or in
the imposition of any Lien on any of the rights, properties or assets of the
Company or any ERISA Affiliate, in either case pursuant to Title I or IV of
ERISA or to such penalty or excise tax provisions or to Section 401(a)(29) or
412 of the Code, other than such liabilities or Liens as would not be,
individually or in the aggregate, Material.
(b)
Neither the Company nor any ERISA Affiliate maintains a "single employer plan"
or a Multiemployer Plan that is subject to Title IV of ERISA.
(c) The Company and its ERISA
Affiliates have not incurred withdrawal liabilities (and are not subject to
contingent withdrawal liabilities) under Section 4201 or 4204 of ERISA in
respect of Multiemployer Plans other than such liabilities that individually or
in the aggregate are not material.
(d)
The expected postretirement benefit obligation (determined as of the last day of
the Company's most recently ended fiscal year in accordance with Financial
Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 106, without regard to liabilities
attributable to continuation coverage mandated by Section 4980B of the Code) of
the Company and its Subsidiaries is not Material or has otherwise been disclosed
in the most recent consolidated financial statements of the Company and its
Subsidiaries referenced in Section 9.4 of this Agreement.
(e) The execution and delivery
of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents and the making of Loans and
issuance of Letters of Credit hereunder will not involve any transaction that is
subject to the prohibitions of Section 406 of ERISA or in connection with which
a tax could be imposed pursuant to Section 4975(c)(1)(A)-(D) of the Code.
9.9 Litigation; Observance of
Agreements, Statutes and Orders. (a) Except as disclosed in Schedule 9.9
,
there are no actions, suits or proceedings pending or, to the knowledge of the
Company, threatened against or affecting the Company or any Subsidiary or any
property of the Company or any Subsidiary in any court or before any arbitrator
of any kind or before or by any Governmental Authority that, individually or in
the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(b) Neither the Company nor any
Restricted Subsidiary is in default under any term of any agreement
or instrument to which it is a party or by which it is bound, or any order,
judgment, decree or ruling of any
court, arbitrator or Governmental Authority or is in violation of any applicable
law, ordinance, rule or
regulation (including Environmental Laws) of any
37
Governmental Authority, which default or violation, individually
or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect.
9.10 Other Statutes.
Neither the Company nor any Restricted Subsidiary is subject to regulation under
the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Public Utility Holding Company Act of
1935, the Interstate Commerce Act, or the Federal Power Act.
9.11 Licenses, Permits,
etc. Except as disclosed in Schedule 9.11, (a) the Company and the
Restricted Subsidiaries own or possess all licenses, permits, franchises,
authorizations, patents, copyrights, service marks, trademarks and trade names,
or rights thereto, that individually or in the aggregate are Material, without
any known Material conflict with the rights of others, (b) to the best knowledge
of the Company, no product of the Company infringes in any Material respect any
license, permit, franchise, authorization, patent, copyright, service mark,
trademark, trade name or other right owned by any other Person; and (c) to the
best knowledge of the Company, there is no Material violation by any Person of
any right of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary with respect to any
patent, copyright, service mark, trademark, trade name or other right owned or
used by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary.
9.12 Use of Proceeds; Margin
Regulations. The Company will apply the proceeds of the Loans for general
corporate purposes (including repurchases of stock of the Company);
provided that no part of the proceeds from the making of Loans or
issuance of Letters of Credit hereunder will be used, directly or indirectly, so
as to involve the Company or any Lender in a violation of Regulation U of the
FRB (12 CFR 221) or Regulation X of the FRB (12 CFR 224), or to involve any
broker or dealer in a violation of Regulation T of the FRB (12 CFR 220). Margin
stock does not constitute more than 5% of the value of the consolidated assets
of the Company and its Subsidiaries and the Company does not have any present
intention that margin stock will constitute more than 5% of the value of such
assets. As used in this Section, the term "margin stock" shall have the
meaning assigned to it in said Regulation U.
9.13 Taxes. The Company
and its Subsidiaries have filed all tax returns that are required to have been
filed in any jurisdiction (other than those tax returns which individually or
collectively are not Material), and have paid all taxes shown to be due and
payable on such returns and all other taxes and assessments levied upon them or
their properties, assets, income or franchises, to the extent such taxes and
assessments have become due and payable and before they have become delinquent,
except for any taxes and assessments (i) the amount of which is not individually
or in the aggregate Material, or (ii) the amount, applicability or validity of
which is currently being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and
with respect to which the Company or a Subsidiary, as the case may be, has
established adequate reserves in accordance with GAAP. The Company knows of no
basis for any other tax or assessment that could reasonably be expected to have
a Material Adverse Effect. The charges, accruals and reserves on the books of
the Company and its Subsidiaries in respect of federal, state or other taxes for
all fiscal periods are adequate in accordance with GAAP. The federal income tax
liabilities of the Company and its Subsidiaries have been resolved with the
Internal Revenue
38
Service and paid for all
fiscal years up to and including the fiscal year ending on December 31,
1996.
9.14 Existing Indebtedness;
Future Liens. (a) Except as described therein, Schedule 9.14 sets forth a
complete and correct list of all outstanding Indebtedness, separately listed for
each such item of Indebtedness of $2,000,000 or more, of the Company and the
Restricted Subsidiaries as of the Signing Date.
(b) (i) Neither the Company nor
any Restricted Subsidiary is in default in the payment of any principal or
interest on any Indebtedness of the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, and
(ii) no event or condition exists with respect to any Indebtedness of the
Company or any Restricted Subsidiary that would permit (or that with notice or
the lapse of time, or both, would permit) one or more Persons to cause such
Indebtedness to become due and payable before its stated maturity or before its
regularly scheduled dates of payment, except for Indebtedness described in
clauses (i) and (ii) which, in aggregate principal amount, does
not exceed $5,000,000.
(c) Neither the Company nor any
Restricted Subsidiary has agreed or consented to cause or permit in the future
(upon the happening of a contingency or otherwise) any of its property, whether
now owned or hereafter acquired, to be subject to a Lien not permitted by
ection 10.12.
9.15 Environmental
Matters. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has knowledge of
any claim or has received any notice of any claim, and no proceeding has been
instituted raising any claim against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or
any of their respective real properties now or formerly owned, leased or
operated by any of them or other assets, alleging any damage to the environment
or violation of any Environmental Laws, except, in each case, such as could not
reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Except as
otherwise disclosed to the Lenders in writing,
(a) neither the Company nor any
of its Subsidiaries has knowledge of any facts which would give rise to any
claim, public or private, of violation of Environmental Laws or damage to the
environment emanating from, occurring on or in any way related to real
properties now or formerly owned, leased or operated by any of them or to other
assets or their use, except, in each case, such as could not reasonably be
expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect;
(b) neither the Company nor any
of its Subsidiaries has stored any Hazardous Materials on real properties now or
formerly owned, leased or operated by any of them in a manner contrary to any
Environmental Laws and has not disposed of any Hazardous Materials in a manner
contrary to any Environmental Laws, in each case in any manner that could
reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect; and
39
(c) all buildings on all real
properties now owned, leased or operated by the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries are in compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws, except
where failure to comply could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material
Adverse Effect.
9.16 Information. As of
the Signing Date, the Closing Date and each other date on which the
representation and warranty in this Section 9.16 is made, all information
previously or contemporaneously furnished in writing by the Company or any
Subsidiary to any Lender for purposes of or in connection with this Agreement
and the transactions contemplated hereby is, taken as a whole, true and accurate
in every material respect on the date as of which such information is dated or
certified, and none of such information is incomplete by omitting to state any
material fact necessary to make such information not misleading in light of the
circumstances under which made (it being recognized by the Administrative Agent
and the Lenders that (a) any projections and forecasts provided by the Company
are based on good faith estimates and assumptions believed by the Company to be
reasonable as of the date of the applicable projections or assumptions and that
actual results during the period or periods covered by any such projections and
forecasts will likely differ from projected or forecasted results and (b) any
information provided by the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to any Person
or assets acquired or to be acquired by the Company or any Subsidiary shall, for
all periods prior to the date of such acquisition, be limited to the knowledge
of the Company or the acquiring Subsidiary after reasonable inquiry).
SECTION 10 COVENANTS.
Until the expiration or termination of the Commitments
and thereafter until all obligations of the Company hereunder and under the
other Loan Documents are paid in full and all Letters of Credit have been
terminated, the Company agrees that, unless at any time the Required Lenders
shall otherwise expressly consent in writing, it will:
10.1 Reports, Certificates and
Other Information. Furnish to the Administrative Agent (with sufficient
copies to provide one to each Lender):
10.1.1 Audit Report.
Promptly when available and in any event within 120 days (or if sooner, on the
date consolidated statements are required to be delivered to any other creditor
of the Company) after the end of each fiscal year of the Company, duplicate
copies of, a consolidated and a consolidating balance sheet of the Company and
its Subsidiaries, as at the end of such year, and consolidated and consolidating
statements of income, changes in shareholders' equity and cash flows of the
Company and its Subsidiaries, for such year, setting forth in each case in
comparative form the figures for the previous fiscal year, all in reasonable
detail, prepared in accordance with GAAP, which consolidated financial
statements shall be accompanied by an opinion thereon of independent certified
public accountants of recognized national standing, which opinion shall state
that such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material
respects, the financial position of the companies being reported upon and their
results of operations and cash flows and have been prepared in conformity with
GAAP, and that the examination of such accountants in connection with such
consolidated financial statements has
40
been made in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards, and that
such audit provides a reasonable basis for such opinion in the circumstances,
and which consolidating financial statements shall be certified by a Senior
Financial Officer as fairly presenting, in all material respects, the financial
position of the companies being reported on and their results of operations and
cash flows, subject to changes resulting from year-end adjustments;
provided that the delivery within the time period specified above of the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for such fiscal year (together with the
Company's annual report to shareholders, if any, prepared pursuant to Rule 14a-3
under the Exchange Act) prepared in accordance with the requirements therefor
and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission shall be deemed to satisfy
the requirements of this Section 10.1.1 to provide consolidated
financial
statements so long as such Annual Report on Form 10-K includes the consolidated
financial statements identified in clauses (i) and (ii) above;
provided further that such consolidating financial statements shall show
the elimination of all Unrestricted Subsidiaries and the resultant consolidated
financial statements of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries.
10.1.2 Quarterly Reports.
Promptly when available and in any event within 60 days (or if sooner, on the
date consolidated statements are required to be delivered to any other creditor
of the Company) after the end of each quarterly fiscal period in each fiscal
year of the Company (other than the last quarterly fiscal period of each such
fiscal year), duplicate copies of a consolidated and a consolidating balance
sheet of the Company and its Subsidiaries as at the end of such quarter, and
consolidated and consolidating statements of income, changes in shareholders'
equity and cash flows of the Company and its Subsidiaries, for such quarter and
(in the case of the second and third quarters) for the portion of the fiscal
year ending with such quarter, setting forth in each case in comparative form
the figures for the corresponding periods in the previous fiscal year, all in
reasonable detail, prepared in accordance with GAAP applicable to quarterly
financial statements generally, and certified by a Senior Financial Officer as
fairly presenting, in all material respects, the financial position of the
companies being reported on and their results of operations and cash flows,
subject to changes resulting from year-end adjustments; provided that
delivery within the time period specified above of copies of the Company's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q prepared in compliance with the requirements
therefor and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission shall be deemed
to satisfy the requirements of this Section 10.1.2 to provide
consolidated financial statements so long as such Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
includes the consolidated financial statements identified in clauses (i)
and (ii) above; provided further, that such consolidating
financial statements shall show the elimination of all Unrestricted Subsidiaries
and the resultant consolidated financial statements of the Company and its
Restricted Subsidiaries;.
10.1.3 Compliance
Certificates. Together with each set of financial statements delivered to a
Lender pursuant to Sections 10.1.1 and 10.1.2, a certificate of a
Senior Financial Officer setting forth (a) the information (including detailed
calculations) required in order to establish whether the Company was in
compliance with the requirements of Sections 10.10 and 10.11
during the quarterly or annual period covered by the statements then being
furnished (including with respect to each such Section, where applicable, the
calculations of the maximum or
41
minimum amount, ratio or
percentage, as the case may be, permissible under the terms of such Sections,
and the calculation of the amount, ratio or percentage then in existence) and
(b) a statement that such officer has reviewed the relevant terms hereof and has
made, or caused to be made, under his or her supervision, a review of the
transactions and conditions of the Company and its Subsidiaries from the
beginning of the quarterly or annual period covered by the statements then being
furnished to the date of the certificate and that such review shall not have
disclosed the existence during such period of any condition or event that
constitutes an Event of Default or an Unmatured Event of Default or, if any such
condition or event existed or exists (including any such event or condition
resulting from the failure of the Company or any Subsidiary to comply with any
Environmental Law), specifying the nature and period of existence thereof and
what action the Company shall have taken or proposes to take with respect
thereto.
10.1.4 SEC and Other
Reports. Promptly upon their becoming available, one copy of (i) each
financial statement, report, notice or proxy statement sent by the Company or
any Subsidiary to public securities holders generally, and (ii) each regular or
periodic report, each registration statement (without exhibits except as
expressly requested by such Lender), and each prospectus and all amendments
thereto filed by the Company or any Subsidiary with the Securities and Exchange
Commission and of all press releases and other statements made available
generally by the Company or any Material Domestic Subsidiary to the public
concerning developments that are Material.
10.1.5 Notice of Default.
Promptly, and in any event within five days, after a Responsible Officer
becoming aware of the existence of any Event of Default or Unmatured Event of
Default or that any Person has given any notice or taken any action with respect
to a claimed default hereunder or that any Person has given any notice or taken
any action with respect to a claimed default of the type referred to in
Section 12.1.5, a written notice specifying the nature and period of
existence thereof and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with
respect thereto.
10.1.6 Notice of ERISA
Matters. Promptly, and in any event within fifteen days after a Responsible
Officer becoming aware of any of the following, a written notice setting forth
the nature thereof and the action, if any, that the Company or an ERISA
Affiliate proposes to take with respect thereto, with respect to any Plan, (i)
any reportable event, as defined in Section 4043(b) of ERISA and the regulations
thereunder, for which notice thereof has not been waived pursuant to such
regulations as in effect on the date hereof, which could reasonably be expected
to have a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the taking by the PBGC of steps to
institute, or the threatening by the PBGC of the institution of, proceedings
under Section 4042 of ERISA for the termination of, or the appointment of a
trustee to administer, any Plan, or the receipt by the Company or any ERISA
Affiliate of a notice from a Multiemployer Plan that such action has been taken
by the PBGC with respect to such Multiemployer Plan, which could reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, or (iii) any event, transaction or
condition that could result in the incurrence of any liability by the Company or
any ERISA Affiliate pursuant to Title I
42
or IV of ERISA or the penalty or excise
tax provisions of the Code relating to employee benefit plans, or in the
imposition of any Lien on any of the rights, properties or assets of the Company
or any ERISA Affiliate pursuant to Title I or IV of ERISA or such penalty or
excise tax provisions, if such liability or Lien, taken together with any other
such liabilities or Liens then existing, could reasonably be expected to have a
Material Adverse Effect.
10.1.7 Notices from
Governmental Authority. Promptly, and in any event within 30 days of receipt
thereof, copies of any notice to the Company or any Subsidiary from any federal
or state Governmental Authority relating to any order, ruling, statute or other
law or regulation that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect.
10.1.8 Management
Reports. With reasonable promptness, such other data and information
relating to the business, operations, affairs, financial condition, assets or
properties of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or relating to the ability
of the Company to perform its obligations hereunder and under the other Loan
Documents as from time to time may be reasonably requested by any Lender.
10.2 Inspections. Permit
the representatives of each Lender to (a) if no Event of Default or Unmatured
Event of Default then exists, at the expense of such Lender and upon reasonable
prior notice to the Company, to visit the principal executive office of the
Company, to discuss the affairs, finances and accounts of the Company and its
Subsidiaries with the Company's officers, and (with the consent of the Company,
which consent will not be unreasonably withheld) its independent public
accountants, and (with the consent of the Company, which consent will not be
unreasonably withheld) to visit the other offices and properties of the Company
and each Restricted Subsidiary, all at such reasonable times during business
hours and as often as may be reasonably requested in writing and (b) if an Event
of Default or Unmatured Event of Default then exists, at the expense of the
Company to visit and inspect any of the offices or properties of the Company or
any Subsidiary, to examine all their respective books of account, records,
reports and other papers, to make copies and extracts therefrom, and to discuss
their respective affairs, finances and accounts with their respective officers
and independent public accountants (and by this provision the Company authorizes
said accountants to discuss the affairs, finances and accounts of the Company
and its Subsidiaries), all at such reasonable times and as often as may be
requested.
10.3 Insurance. Maintain,
and will cause each of the Restricted Subsidiaries to maintain, with financially
sound and reputable insurers, insurance with respect to their respective
properties and businesses against such casualties and contingencies, of such
types, on such terms and in such amounts (including deductibles, co-insurance
and self-insurance, if adequate reserves are maintained with respect thereto) as
is customary in the case of entities of established reputations engaged in the
same or a similar business and similarly situated.
10.4 Compliance with Laws.
Comply, and cause each of its Subsidiaries to comply with all laws, ordinances
or governmental rules or regulations to which each of them is subject,
43
including Environmental
Laws, and will obtain and maintain in effect all licenses, certificates,
permits, franchises and other governmental authorizations necessary to the
ownership of their respective properties or to the conduct of their respective
businesses, in each case to the extent necessary to ensure that non-compliance
with such laws, ordinances or governmental rules or regulations or failures to
obtain or maintain in effect such licenses, certificates, permits, franchises
and other governmental authorizations could not, individually or in the
aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
10.5 Maintenance of
Existence, etc. Preserve and keep in full force and effect its corporate
existence. Subject to Section 10.13, the Company will at all times
preserve and keep in full force and effect the corporate existence of each
Restricted Subsidiary (unless merged into the Company or a Restricted
Subsidiary) and all rights and franchises of the Company and the Restricted
Subsidiaries unless, in the good faith judgment of the Company, the termination
of or failure to preserve and keep in full force and effect such corporate
existence, right or franchise could not, individually or in the aggregate, have
a Material Adverse Effect.
10.6 Maintenance of
Properties. Maintain and keep, and cause each of the Restricted Subsidiaries
to maintain and keep, or cause to be maintained and kept, their respective
properties in good repair, working order and condition (other than ordinary wear
and tear), so that the business carried on in connection therewith may be
properly conducted at all times; provided that this Section shall not prevent
the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary from discontinuing the operation and
the maintenance of any of its properties if such discontinuance is desirable in
the conduct of its business and the Company has concluded that such
discontinuance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
10.7 Payment of Taxes and
Claims. File, and cause each of its Subsidiaries to file all tax returns
required to be filed in any jurisdiction and to pay and discharge all taxes
shown to be due and payable on such returns and all other taxes, assessments,
governmental charges, or levies imposed on them or any of their properties,
assets, income or franchises, to the extent such taxes and assessments have
become due and payable and before they have become delinquent and all claims for
which sums have become due and payable that have or might become a Lien on
properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary; provided that neither the
Company nor any Subsidiary need pay any such tax or assessment or claims if (i)
the amount, applicability or validity thereof is contested by the Company or
such Subsidiary on a timely basis in good faith and in appropriate proceedings,
and the Company or such Subsidiary has established adequate reserves therefor in
accordance with GAAP on the books of the Company or such Subsidiary, or (ii) the
nonpayment of all such taxes and assessments and claims in the aggregate could
not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
10.8 Security; Execution of
Pledge Agreement and Subsidiary Guaranty. (a) Within five days after the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries acquires a Material Foreign
Subsidiary or within five days after the Company delivers consolidating
financial statements pursuant to Section 10.1 showing that any of
Company's existing Subsidiaries has become a
44
Material Foreign Subsidiary, cause the Pledged
Securities of such Material Foreign Subsidiary to be pledged pursuant to a
supplement to the Pledge Agreement (unless a pledge of such Pledged Securities
(x) is legally unobtainable or (y) the consent of a Governmental Authority is
required in order to obtain such pledge and such consent has not been obtained
after the Company's commercially reasonable efforts to obtain such consent, and
Company delivers an opinion of outside counsel, in form and substance reasonably
satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and its counsel, to the effect that
such pledge was not legally obtainable or such consent was not obtained). The
Company shall promptly take all actions as may be necessary or desirable to give
to the Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the Lenders and the other
Senior Secured Creditors, a valid and perfected first priority Lien on and
security interest in the Pledged Securities of such Material Foreign Subsidiary
and shall promptly deliver to the Collateral Agent (i) a supplement to the
Pledge Agreement executed by each Pledgor of the Pledged Securities of such
Material Foreign Subsidiary, (ii) a certificate executed by the secretary or an
assistant secretary of each Pledgor as to (a) the incumbency and signatures of
the officers of such Pledgor executing the supplement to the Pledge Agreement,
and (b) the fact that the attached resolutions of the Board of Directors of such
Pledgor authorizing the execution, delivery and performance of the supplement to
the Pledge Agreement are in full force and effect and have not been modified or
rescinded, (iii) at the request of the Administrative Agent, a favorable opinion
of counsel, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative
Agent and its counsel, as to (a) the due organization and good standing of such
Pledgor, (b) the due authorization, execution and delivery by such Pledgor of
the supplement to the Pledge Agreement, (c) the enforceability of the supplement
to the Pledge Agreement, and (d) such other matters as the Required Lenders may
reasonably request, all of the foregoing to be satisfactory in form and
substance to the Administrative Agent and its counsel; provided that the
opinion described in this clause (iii) may be given by the Company's
in-house counsel and may contain reasonable assumptions, if necessary, relating
to the fact that such counsel may not be admitted to practice law in the
applicable jurisdiction, and (iv) such other assurances, certificates,
documents, consents or opinions as the Required Lenders reasonably may
require.
(b) Within five days after the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries acquires a Material Domestic
Subsidiary or within five days after the Company delivers consolidating
financial statements pursuant to Section 10.1 showing that any of
Company's existing Subsidiaries has become a Material Domestic Subsidiary (but
not later than the time when such Material Domestic Subsidiary provides a
Guaranty or co-obligor agreement to the lenders party to any Significant Credit
Facility) (x) cause such Material Domestic Subsidiary to execute and deliver to
the Administrative Agent a counterpart of the Subsidiary Guaranty, and (y) if
the lenders party to such Significant Credit Facility are not then party to the
Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement (either directly or through their
agent) cause such lenders (either directly or through their agent) to become
party to the Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement. The Company shall
promptly deliver to the Administrative Agent, together with such counterpart of
the Subsidiary Guaranty (i) certified copies of such Material Domestic
Subsidiary's Articles or Certificate of Incorporation, together with a good
standing certificate from the Secretary of State of the jurisdiction of its
incorporation, each to be dated a recent date prior to their delivery to the
45
Administrative Agent, (ii) a copy of such Material Domestic Subsidiary's Bylaws,
certified by its corporate secretary or an assistant corporate secretary as of a
recent date prior to their delivery to the Administrative Agent, (iii) a
certificate executed by the secretary or an assistant secretary of such Material
Domestic Subsidiary as to (a) the incumbency and signatures of the officers of
such Material Domestic Subsidiary executing the counterpart of the Subsidiary
Guaranty, and (b) the fact that the attached resolutions of the Board of
Directors of such Material Domestic Subsidiary authorizing the execution,
delivery and performance of the counterpart of the Subsidiary Guaranty are in
full force and effect and have not been modified or rescinded, (iv) at the
request of the Administrative Agent, a favorable opinion of counsel to the
Company and such Material Domestic Subsidiary, in form and substance reasonably
satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and its counsel, as to (a) the due
organization and good standing of such Material Domestic Subsidiary, (b) the due
authorization, execution and delivery by such Material Domestic Subsidiary of
the counterpart of the Subsidiary Guaranty, (c) the enforceability of the
counterpart of the Material Domestic Subsidiary, and (d) such other matters as
the Required Lenders may reasonably request, all of the foregoing to be
satisfactory in form and substance to the Administrative Agent and its counsel;
provided, that the opinion described in clause (iv) above may be given by
the Company's in-house counsel and may contain reasonable assumptions, if
necessary, relating to the fact that counsel to the Company and such Material
Domestic Subsidiary may not be admitted to practice law in the applicable
jurisdiction, and (v) such other assurances, certificates, documents, consents
or opinions as the Required Lenders reasonably may require.
10.9 Nature of the
Business. Not, and not permit any Restricted Subsidiary, to engage in any
business if, as a result, the general nature of the business of the Company and
the Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, which would then be engaged in by
the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries would be substantially changed from
the general nature of the business engaged in by the Company and the Restricted
Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, on the Signing Date.
10.10 Financial Covenants.
10.10.1 Minimum Consolidated
Net Worth. Not, at any time, permit Consolidated Net Worth to be less than
the sum of (i) $271,935,200, (ii) an aggregate amount equal to 60% of
Consolidated Net Income (but, in each case, only if a positive number) earned in
(a) the six months ended December 31, 2000, and (b) each complete fiscal year
thereafter, and (iii) 50% of the net proceeds realized by the Company and its
Restricted Subsidiaries from the sale of Equity Securities subsequent to June
30, 2000, excluding issuances of Equity Securities upon exercise of employee
stock options or rights under any employee benefit plans (excluding such
exercise by any Person who owns greater than 5% of the Equity Securities of the
Company), issuances of Equity Securities in connection with acquisitions by the
Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, and reissuances of up to $60,000,000 of
treasury securities purchased by the Company after the Signing Date.
46
10.10.2 Minimum Fixed
Charges Coverage. Not permit, as of the end of each fiscal quarter of the
Company, the ratio of Consolidated Income Available for Fixed Charges to Fixed
Charges, for the period consisting of such fiscal quarter and the preceding
three fiscal quarters, to be less than 2.75 to 1.0.
10.11 Limitations on
Indebtedness. (a) Not permit at any time (i) the Leverage Ratio to be
greater than 1.85 to 1.0, or (ii) Priority Indebtedness to exceed 13% of
Consolidated Net Worth.
(b) Not, and not permit any
Restricted Subsidiary to, incur, assume or create any Indebtedness under any
Significant Credit Facility unless each of the lenders under such Significant
Credit Facility immediately becomes a party to the Collateral Agency and
Intercreditor Agreement.
10.12 Liens.
Not, and not permit any of the Restricted Subsidiaries to directly or indirectly
create, incur, assume or permit to exist (upon the happening of a contingency or
otherwise) any Lien on or with respect to any property or asset (including any
document or instrument in respect of goods or accounts receivable) of the
Company or any Restricted Subsidiary, whether now owned or hereafter acquired,
or any income or profits therefrom (unless the Company makes, or causes to be
made, effective provision whereby the Notes will be equally and ratably secured
with any and all other obligations thereby secured, such security to be pursuant
to an agreement reasonably satisfactory to the Required Lenders and, in any such
case, the Notes shall have the benefit, to the fullest extent that, and with
such priority as, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders may be entitled under
applicable law, of any equitable Lien on such property), except for the
following (which are collectively referred to as "Permitted Liens"):
(a) Liens for taxes, assessments
or other governmental charges which are not yet delinquent or that are being
contested in good faith;
(b) Liens incidental to the
conduct of business or the ownership of properties and assets (including
landlords', carriers', warehousemen's, mechanics' materialmen's, and other
similar Liens) and Liens to secure the performance of bids, tenders, leases or
trade contracts, or to secure statutory obligations (including obligations under
workers compensation, unemployment insurance and other social security
legislation), surety or appeal bonds or other Liens incurred in the ordinary
course of business and not in connection with the borrowing of money;
(c) Liens resulting from
judgments, unless such judgments are not, within 60 days, discharged or stayed
pending appeal, or shall not have been discharged within 60 days after the
expiration of any such stay;
47
(d) Liens securing Indebtedness
of a Restricted Subsidiary owed to the Company or to a Wholly-Owned Restricted
Subsidiary;
(e) Liens in existence on the
Signing Date and reflected in Schedule 10.12;
(f) minor survey exceptions and
the like which do not Materially detract from the value of such property;
(g) leases, subleases,
easements, rights of way, restrictions and other similar charges or encumbrances
incidental to the ownership of property or assets or the ordinary conduct of the
Company's or any of the Restricted Subsidiaries' businesses; provided
that the aggregate of such Liens do not Materially detract from the value of
such property;
(h) Liens (i) existing on
property at the time of its acquisition or construction by the Company or a
Restricted Subsidiary and not created in contemplation thereof; (ii) on property
created contemporaneously with its acquisition or within 180 days of the
acquisition or completion of construction or improvement thereof to secure the
purchase price or cost of construction or improvement thereof, including such
Liens arising under Capital Leases; or (iii) existing on property of a Person at
the time such Person is acquired by, consolidated with, or merged into the
Company or a Restricted Subsidiary and not created in contemplation thereof;
provided that such Liens shall attach solely to the property acquired
or constructed and the principal amount of the Indebtedness secured by the Lien
shall not exceed the principal amount of such Indebtedness just prior to the
time such Person is consolidated with or merged into the Company or a Restricted
Subsidiary;
(i) Liens on receivables of the
Company or a Restricted Subsidiary and the related assets of the type specified
in clauses (i) through (iv) in the definition of "Permitted
Securitization Program" in connection with any Permitted Securitization Program;
(j) Liens in favor of the Lenders
and the other Senior Secured Creditors party to the Collateral Agency and
Intercreditor Agreement in connection with the pledge of the Pledged Securities
of each Material Foreign Subsidiary;
(k) banker's Liens and similar
Liens (including set-off rights) in respect of bank deposits; provided
that any such Liens held by parties to the Collateral Agency and Intercreditor
Agreement will be governed by and subject to the Collateral Agency and
Intercreditor Agreement;
(l) Liens in favor of customs
and revenue authorities as a matter of law to secure payment of custom duties
and in connection with the importation of goods in the ordinary course of the
Company's and its Subsidiaries' business;
(m)
any Lien renewing, extending or replacing Liens permitted by clauses (e),
(h),
and
48
(i) of this
Section 10.12; provided that (i) the principal amount of the Indebtedness
secured is neither increased nor the maturity thereof changed to an earlier
date, (ii) such Lien is not extended to any other property, and (iii)
immediately after such extension, renewal or refunding, no Event of Default or
Unmatured Event of Default would exist; and
(n) other Liens securing
Indebtedness not otherwise permitted by clauses (a) through (m) of this Section
10.12; provided that Priority Indebtedness shall not, at any time, exceed an
amount equal to 13% of Consolidated Net Worth.
Any Lien originally
incurred in compliance with clause (n) of this Section 10.12 may
be renewed, extended or replaced so long as the conditions set forth in
clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) of clause (m) of this Section 10.12
are satisfied.
10.13 Mergers, Consolidations,
Sales. (a) Not, and not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to consolidate with
or merge with any other Person unless immediately after giving effect to any
consolidation or merger no Event of Default or Ummatured Event of Default would
exist and:
(i) in the case of a consolidation or merger of a
Restricted Subsidiary, (x) the Company or another Restricted Subsidiary is the
surviving or continuing corporation, (y) the surviving or continuing corporation
is or immediately becomes a Restricted Subsidiary, or (z) such consolidation or
merger, if considered as the sale of the assets of such Restricted Subsidiary to
such other Person, would be permitted by Section 10.11(b); and
(ii)
in the case of a consolidation or merger of the Company, the successor
corporation or surviving corporation which results from such consolidation or
merger (the surviving corporation), if not the Company, (A) is a
solvent United States corporation, (B) executes and delivers to each Lender its
assumption of (x) the due and punctual payment of the principal of and premium,
if any, and interest on the Loans, and (y) the due and punctual performance and
observation of all of the covenants in this Agreement, the Collateral Documents
and each other Loan Document to be performed or observed by the Company, and (C)
furnishes to each Lender an opinion of counsel, reasonably satisfactory to the
Required Lenders, to the effect that the instrument of assumption has been duly
authorized, executed and delivered and constitutes the legal, valid and binding
contract and agreement of the surviving corporation enforceable in accordance
with its terms, except as enforcement of such terms may be limited by
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws affecting
the enforcement of creditors rights generally and by general equitable
principles.
(b) Not sell, lease (as lessor)
or otherwise transfer all or substantially all of its assets in a single
transaction or series of transactions to any Person unless immediately after
giving effect thereto no Event of Default or Unmatured Event of Default would
exist and:
49
(i) the successor corporation to
which all or substantially all of the Company's assets have been sold, leased or
transferred (the "successor corporation") is a solvent United States
corporation, and
(ii)
the successor corporation executes and delivers to each Lender its assumption of
the due and punctual payment of the principal of and premium, if any, and
interest on the Loans, and the due and punctual performance and observation of
all of the covenants in this Agreement, the Collateral Documents and each other
Loan Document to be performed or observed by the Company and shall furnish to
the Administrative Agent an opinion of counsel, reasonably satisfactory to the
Required Lenders, to the effect that the instrument of assumption has been duly
authorized, executed and delivered and constitutes the legal, valid and binding
contract and agreement of such successor corporation enforceable in accordance
with its terms, except as enforcement of such terms may be limited by
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws affecting
the enforcement of creditors rights generally and by general equitable
principles.
No such conveyance, transfer or lease of all or
substantially all of the assets of the Company shall have the effect of
releasing the Company or any successor corporation that shall theretofore have
become such in the manner prescribed in this Section 10.13 from its liability
under this Agreement or the other Loan Documents.
(c) Not, and not permit any
Restricted Subsidiary to, sell, lease (as lessor), transfer, abandon or
otherwise dispose of assets to any Person; provided that the foregoing
restrictions do not apply to:
(i) the sale, lease, transfer or
other disposition of assets of the Company to a Restricted Subsidiary or of a
Restricted Subsidiary to the Company or another Restricted Subsidiary;
(ii)
the sale in the ordinary course of business of inventory held for sale, or
equipment, fixtures, supplies or materials that are no longer required in the
operation of the business of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary or are
obsolete;
(iii)
the sale of property of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary and the
Companys or any Restricted Subsidiarys subsequent lease, as lessee,
of the same property, within 270 days following the acquisition or construction
of such property;
(iv)
the sale of assets of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary for cash or other
property to a Person or Persons (other than an Affiliate) if (A) such assets
(valued at net book value) do not constitute a substantial part of
the assets of the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries, (B) in the opinion of
a Responsible Officer of the Company, the sale is for fair value and is in the
best interests of the Company, and (C) immediately after giving effect to the
transaction, no Event of Default or Unmatured Event of Default would exist; or
50
1st Amendment to Credit Agreement
FIRST AMENDMENT
THIS
FIRST AMENDMENT dated as of December 14, 2001 (this Amendment)
amends the Credit Agreement dated as of May 10, 2001 (the Credit
Agreement) among Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. (the Company),
various financial institutions (the Lenders) and Bank of America,
N.A., as administrative agent (in such capacity, the Administrative
Agent). Terms defined in the Credit Agreement are, unless otherwise
defined herein or the context otherwise requires, used herein as defined
therein.
WHEREAS, the Company, the Lenders and the
Administrative Agent have entered into the Credit Agreement; and
WHEREAS, the parties hereto desire to amend the Credit
Agreement in certain respects as more fully set forth herein;
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:
SECTION 1
Amendments. Subject to the satisfaction of the conditions precedent set
forth in Section 3, the Credit Agreement shall be amended as follows.
1.1
Amendment to
Preamble. The second WHEREAS clause is restated in its entirety
to read as follows:
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WHEREAS,
the Lenders are willing to extend commitments to make Loans to, and to issue or
participate in letters of credit issued for the account of, the Company
hereunder for the purposes provided herein and on the terms and subject to the
conditions set forth herein.
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1.2
Amendments to Definitions.
(a)
The definition of "Eurodollar Loan" is amended
in its entirety to read as follows:
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Eurodollar
Loan means any Loan denominated in US Dollars which bears interest at a rate
determined by reference to the Eurodollar Rate (Reserve Adjusted).
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(b)
Clause (c) of the definition of Interest Period is amended by
inserting the words Dollar Equivalent before the phrase
principal amount of all Yen LIBOR Loans and Eurodollar Loans
contained therein.
(c)
The definition of "Stated Amount" is amended in its
entirety to read as follows:
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Stated Amount means, with respect to any Letter of Credit at any date of
determination, the maximum aggregate Dollar Equivalent amount available for
drawing thereunder at any time during the then ensuing term of such Letter of
Credit under any and all circumstances, plus the aggregate Dollar Equivalent
amount of all unreimbursed payments and disbursements under such Letter of
Credit. |
(d)
Clause (b) of the definition of "Total
Outstandings" is amended in its entirety to read as follows: "the aggregate
Stated Amount of all Letters of Credit".
1.3
Addition of New
Section 1.3. A new Section 1.3 is added to the Credit Agreement in
appropriate numerical sequence to read as follows:
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1.3
Currency Fluctuations. For purposes of calculating usage under Section
5 and the Total Outstandings as of any date (except as set forth in
Sections 6.2(c) and 11.2.1(d)), (a) the Dollar Equivalent amount
of each Yen LIBOR Loan shall be calculated (i) during the first year following
the Signing Date, using the Spot Rate of Exchange as in effect on the Signing
Date, and (ii) during each year thereafter, using the Spot Rate of Exchange as
in effect on the most-recent annual anniversary of the Signing Date (or if such
day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day), and (b) the
Stated Amount of each Letter of Credit denominated in a currency other than
Dollars shall be calculated (i) on the date of the issuance thereof, (ii) on
each date on which the Stated Amount of such Letter of Credit is changed, (iii)
on each date on which the Commitment Amount is reduced pursuant to Section
6.1, or (iv) on any other date requested by the applicable Issuing Lender,
in each case based upon the Spot Rate of Exchange for such date.
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1.4
Amendment to
Section 2.1.2. Clause (b)(ii) of Section 2.1.2 is amended by inserting the
words Dollar Equivalent before the phrase principal amount of
all outstanding Loans contained therein.
1.5
Amendment to Section 2.3.1. The second sentence of
Section 2.3.1 is amended in its entirety to read as follows:
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Each such notice shall be accompanied by an L/C Application, duly executed by the
Company (together with any Subsidiary for the account of which the related
Letter of Credit is to be issued) and in all respects satisfactory to the
Administrative Agent and the applicable Issuing Lender, together with such other
documentation as the Administrative Agent or such Issuing Lender may |
-2-
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reasonably request in support thereof, it being understood that each L/C Application shall
specify, among other things, the date on which the proposed Letter of Credit is
to be issued, the amount (which shall be denominated in Dollars or any other
foreign currency (i) as to which a Dollar Equivalent may be readily calculated,
(ii) which is readily available, freely transferable and convertible into
Dollars and (iii) has been agreed to by the Issuing Lender), whether such Letter
of Credit is to be transferable in whole or in part and the expiration date of
such Letter of Credit (which shall not be later than the Termination Date and
shall not result in the aggregate Stated Amount of all Letters of Credit
scheduled to be outstanding after any date on which the Commitment Amount is
scheduled to be reduced pursuant to Section 6.1(d), plus the
aggregate Dollar Equivalent principal amount of all Yen LIBOR Loans and
Eurodollar Loans having Interest Periods ending after such date, to exceed the
Commitment Amount scheduled to be in effect at the close of business on such
date). |
1.6
Amendment to
Section 5.1. The second sentence of Section 5.1 is amended by inserting the
words Dollar Equivalent before the phrase principal amount of
all outstanding Loans contained therein.
1.7
Amendments to
Section 5.3. Section 5.3 is amended by (a) inserting the words Dollar
Equivalent immediately before the phrase undrawn amount of such
standby Letter of Credit contained in clause (a) of that section and (b)
inserting the words Dollar Equivalent immediately after the phrase
the greater of 0.125% of the contained in clause (b) of that
section.
1.8
Amendments to Section 6.2. Section 6.2 is amended as follows:
(a)
Clause (a) is restated in its entirety to read as follows:
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(a)
Voluntary Prepayments. The Company may from time to time prepay the Loans
in whole or in part; provided that the Company shall give the
Administrative Agent (which shall promptly advise each Lender) notice thereof
not later than 11:00 A.M., New York time, (i) in the case of Floating Rate
Loans, on the day of such prepayment, (ii) in the case of Yen LIBOR Loans, at
least five Business Days prior to the date of such prepayment, and (iii) in the
case of Eurodollar Loans, at least three Business Days prior to the date of such
prepayment, in each case specifying the Loans to be prepaid and the date (which
shall be a Business Day) and amount of prepayment. Each partial prepayment of
Floating Rate Loans and Eurodollar Loans shall be in an aggregate principal
amount of $1,000,000 or an integral multiple thereof and each partial prepayment
of Yen LIBOR Loans shall be in an aggregate principal amount of ¥100,000,000
or an integral multiple thereof. After giving effect to any partial prepayment,
each borrowing of Yen LIBOR Loans and Eurodollar Loans shall be in the
applicable amount required for a Group pursuant to Section 2.2.1.
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-3-
(b)
The heading of clause (b) is restated in its entirety to read "Mandatory Prepayments Resulting
from Commitment Reductions".
(c)
Clause "(c)" is redesignated as clause "(d)".
(d)
A new clause (c) is added to Section 6.2 to read as follows:
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(c)
Mandatory Prepayments Resulting from Currency Fluctuations. If, as of the
last Business Day of any month, the Total Outstandings (calculated (i) with
respect to Yen LIBOR Loans, using the Spot Rate of Exchange for such day and
(ii) with respect to Letters of Credit, as provided in Section 1.3(b))
exceed 110 of the Commitment Amount, (x) the Administrative Agent shall
promptly notify the Company and (y) the Company shall, within seven Business
Days following the receipt of such notice, prepay Loans by the amount of such
excess (rounded upward, if necessary, to an integral multiple of (A) in the case
of Floating Rate Loans and Eurodollar Loans, $1,000,000 and (B) in the case of
Yen LIBOR Loans, ¥100,000,000).
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1.9
Addition of New
Section 11.2.1(d). A new Section 11.2.1(d) is added to the Credit Agreement
in appropriate sequence to read as follows:
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(d)
after giving effect to any borrowing made and any Letter of Credit issued during
the period beginning on the date that a prepayment is required pursuant to
Section 6.2(c) and ending on the immediately following May 10, the Total
Outstandings (calculated (i) with respect to Yen LIBOR Loans, using the Spot
Rate of Exchange for the date such prepayment was required and (ii) with respect
to Letters of Credit, as provided in Section 1.3(b)) shall not exceed the
Commitment Amount.
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SECTION 2
Warranties. The Company represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent
and the Lenders that, after giving effect to the effectiveness hereof, (a) each
warranty set forth in Section 9 of the Credit Agreement is true and correct in
all material respects as of the date of the execution and delivery of this
Amendment by the Company, with the same effect as if made on such date, and (b)
no Event of Default or Unmatured Event of Default exists.
SECTION 3
Effectiveness. The amendments set forth in Section 1 above shall
become effective when the Administrative Agent shall have received (i)
counterparts of this Amendment executed by the Company and the Required Lenders
and (ii) a Confirmation, substantially in the form of Exhibit A, signed
by the Company and each Subsidiary.
-4-
SECTION 4
Miscellaneous.
4.1
Continuing
Effectiveness, etc. As herein amended, the Credit Agreement shall remain in
full force and effect and is hereby ratified and confirmed in all respects.
After the effectiveness of this Amendment, all references in the Credit
Agreement and the other Loan Documents to Credit Agreement or
similar terms shall refer to the Credit Agreement as amended hereby.
4.2
Counterparts.
This Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the
different parties on separate counterparts, and each such counterpart shall be
deemed to be an original but all such counterparts shall together constitute one
and the same Amendment.
4.3
Governing
Law. This Amendment shall be a contract made under and governed by the laws
of the State of New York (without regard to principles of conflicts of laws,
other than Title 15 of Article 5 of the New York General Obligations Law).
4.4
Successors and
Assigns. This Amendment shall be binding upon the Company, the Lenders and
the Administrative Agent and their respective successors and assigns, and shall
inure to the benefit of the Company, the Lenders and the Administrative Agent
and the respective successors and assigns of the Lenders and the Administrative
Agent.
-5-
Delivered as of the day and year first above written.
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
By /s/ Corey B. Lindley
Title CFO, Executive Vice President
BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative
Agent and as a
Lender
By /s/ Gretchen Spoo
Title Principal
BANK ONE, NA with its main office in Chicago,
Illinois (successor by merger to Bank
One, Utah, NA)
By /s/ Mark F. Nelson
Title Vice President
S-1
Exhibit A
CONFIRMATION
Dated as of December 14, 2001
To: Bank of America, N.A.,
individually and as Administrative Agent (as defined below), and the other
financial institutions party to the Credit Agreement referred to
below
Please
refer to (a) the Credit Agreement dated as of May 10, 2001 (the Credit
Agreement) among Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc., various financial institutions
(the Lenders) and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent
(the Administrative Agent); (b) the other Loan Documents
(as defined in the Credit Agreement), including the Guaranty and the Pledge
Agreement; and (c) the First Amendment dated as of December 14, 2001 to the
Credit Agreement (the First Amendment).
Each of the undersigned hereby confirms to the
Administrative Agent and the Lenders that, after giving effect to the First
Amendment and the transactions contemplated thereby, each Loan Document to which
such undersigned is a party continues in full force and effect and is the legal,
valid and binding obligation of such undersigned, enforceable against such
undersigned in accordance with its terms.
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
By: /s/ Corey B. Lindley
Name: Corey B. Lindley
Title: CFO, Vice President
NU SKIN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NU SKIN HONG KONG, INC.
NU SKIN TAIWAN, INC.
NU SKIN UNITED STATES, INC.
By: /s/ Corey B. Lindley
Name: Corey B. Lindley
Title: CFO, Vice President
Amendemnt to Collateral Agency Agreement
FIRST
AMENDMENT
THIS FIRST AMENDMENT dated as of May 10, 2001 (this
"Amendment") amends the Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement dated as
of October 12, 2000 (the "Intercreditor Agreement") among STATE STREET BANK AND
TRUST COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA, N.A., as Collateral Agent, THE PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE
COMPANY OF AMERICA, as Senior Noteholder, and ABN AMRO BANK N.V., as Senior
Lender. Unless otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms used herein have the
respective meanings assigned to them in the Intercreditor Agreement.
WHEREAS, the parties hereto have entered into the
Intercreditor Agreement with respect to certain obligations of Nu Skin
Enterprises, Inc. and certain of its Subsidiaries; and
WHEREAS, in anticipation of Bank of America, N.A. and
Bank One, NA becoming parties to the Intercreditor Agreement, the parties hereto
desire to amend the Intercreditor Agreement as set forth below,
NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration (the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged), the parties hereto
agree as follows:
SECTION 1 AMENDMENTS.
The Intercreditor Agreement is amended as follows:
1.2 Recitals E and F are amended
in their entirety to read as follows:
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E.
The Company may enter into additional note purchase agreements and/or credit
agreements with investors and/or lenders which become parties to this Agreement,
may enter into one or more interest rate swaps or collars, foreign currency
exchange agreements, equity swap agreements, commodity price protection
agreements or interest rate, currency exchange, equity price or commodity price
hedging arrangements (any such agreement or arrangement, a Hedging
Agreement) with persons or entities which become parties to this
Agreement and may incur obligations (Cash Management
Obligations) in respect of overdrafts or related liabilities or in
connection with treasury, depositary or cash management services, including in
connection with automated clearing house transfers of funds, to persons or
entities which become parties to this Agreement (any such investor, lender or
other party, together with the lenders and other parties referred to in the next
sentence, the Additional Creditors; and the obligations of
the Company under any such agreement or arrangement or in respect of any such
overdrafts or related liabilities or any such services, the Additional
Company Obligations), and such Additional Company Obligations may be
guaranteed by one or more of the Subsidiary Guarantors pursuant to one or more
guaranties (the Additional Subsidiary Guaranties). In
addition, one or more Subsidiary Guarantors may become direct obligors (in
respect of loans, reimbursement obligations relating to Letters of Credit,
Hedging Agreements and/or Cash Management Obligations) to persons or entities
which become parties to this Agreement and therefore are Additional Creditors,
and the obligations of such Subsidiary Guarantors to such lenders or other
parties (the Direct Subsidiary Obligations and,
together with the Additional Company Obligations, the Additional
Obligations) may be guaranteed by the Company and the other Subsidiary
Guarantors.
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F.
The Bank Obligation Guaranty, the Note Obligation Guaranty, any Additional
Subsidiary Guaranty and any Direct Subsidiary Obligation are hereinafter
referred to as a Subsidiary Guaranty. The Credit Documents,
the Note Purchase Agreement and any additional credit agreement, note purchase
agreement, Hedging Agreement or agreement relating to Cash Management
Obligations entered into in favor of any Additional Creditor are hereinafter
referred to, collectively, as the Senior Loan
Documents.
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1.3 Clause (b) of Section
1(a) is amended in its entirety to read as follows:
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(b)
the Collateral Agents receipt of a written notice that the unpaid
principal amount of any of the Obligations has not been paid at the stated
maturity thereof or has been declared to be then due and payable by the holder
or holders thereof prior to the due date as a result of an event of
default.
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1.4 The first sentence of
Section 3(b) is amended by deleting the following words:
"computed on the amount to be returned from the date of
the recovery".
1.5 The first
parenthetical clause in the second sentence of Section 3(b) is amended by
deleting the word involuntary therein and substituting the word
involuntarily therefor.
1.6
The last portion of the last sentence of Section 4(e), beginning with the word
Contingent, is amended in its entirety to read as follows:
"Contingent L/C Obligations or interest on such Obligations) for purposes
of calculating distributions pursuant to Section 2(c)."
1.7 The third sentence of
Section 5(a) is amended in its entirety to read as follows:
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For
purposes of this Agreement, the term Required Creditors shall
mean (a) the Required Lenders as defined in the Credit Agreement dated as of May
10, 2001 among the Company, various financial institutions and Bank of America,
N.A., as Administrative Agent (as amended or otherwise modified from time to
time, the Credit Agreement), and (b) Senior Noteholders
holding a majority in principal amount of the Senior Noteholder Notes, each, in
the case of both clause (a) and clause (b) above, voting as a
class; provided that if at any time (i) the aggregate outstanding
principal amount of Obligations (including the face amount of any undrawn
Letters of Credit) owed to the Banks under and as defined in the Credit
Agreement referred to in clause (a) above (the Banks) or (ii)
the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Senior Notes represents, in
either case, less than 10% of the sum of the aggregate amounts referred to in
clauses (i) and (ii) above, then Required Creditors shall
mean Benefitted Parties, considered as a single class, holding more than 50% of
the sum of (A) the face amount of any undrawn Letters of Credit plus (B) the
outstanding funded principal amount of the Obligations (it being understood that
all amounts referred to in this sentence shall be determined by assuming that
such amounts are denominated in U.S. Dollars based upon the Applicable Exchange
Rate).
|
SECTION 2 MISCELLANEOUS.
2.1 Continuing
Effectiveness, etc. As herein amended, the Collateral Agency and
Intercreditor Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and is hereby
ratified and confirmed in all respects.
2.2 Counterparts. This
Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the different
parties on separate counterparts, and each such counterpart shall be deemed to
be an original but all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the
same Amendment.
2.3 Governing Law. This
Amendment shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of the
State of New York applicable to contracts made and performed entirely within
such state.
[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed
this Amendment as of the date first set forth above.
STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST
COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA, N.A., as
Collateral Agent
By: /s/Stephen Rivero
Name: Stephen Rivero
Title: Vice President
THE PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE COMPANY
OF AMERICA, as Senior Noteholder
By: /s/ Joseph Y. Alouf
Name: Joseph Y. Alouf
Title: Senior Vice President
ABN AMRO BANK N.V., as Senior Lender
By: /s/Clay Jackson
Name: Clay Jackson
Title: Senior Vice President
By: /s/Gina M. Brusatori
Name: Gina M. Brusatori
Title: Senior Vice President
Each of the undersigned hereby acknowledges and consents to the foregoing First
Amendment to the Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement:
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
By: /s/Corey B. Lindley
Name: Corey B. Lindley
Title: Vice President
NU SKIN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NSE HONG KONG, INC.
NU SKIN TAIWAN, INC.
NU SKIN UNITED STATES, INC.
By: /s/Corey B. Lindley
Name: Corey B. Lindley
Title: Executive Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer
UOFU Research Foundation Agrement
UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
RESEARCH FOUNDATION
and
NU SKIN INTERNATIONAL,
INC.
AMENDED AND RESTATED
PATENT LICENSE AGREEMENT
(EXCLUSIVE)
DIETARY SUPPLEMENT PREVENTATIVE
HEALTHCARE LICENSE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WITNESSETH.................................................................................................................................................3
1 - DEFINITIONS............................................................................................................................................4
2 - GRANT..................................................................................................................................................7
3 - DILIGENCE..............................................................................................................................................8
4 - ROYALTIES..............................................................................................................................................9
5 - REPORTS AND RECORDS...................................................................................................................................11
6 - PATENT PROSECUTION....................................................................................................................................12
7 - CONFIDENTIALITY.......................................................................................................................................13
8 - INFRINGEMENT..........................................................................................................................................14
9 - PRODUCT LIABILITY.....................................................................................................................................15
10 - EXPORT CONTROLS......................................................................................................................................16
11 - NON-USE OF NAMES.....................................................................................................................................17
12 - ASSIGNMENT...........................................................................................................................................17
13 - DISPUTE RESOLUTION...................................................................................................................................17
14 - TERMINATION..........................................................................................................................................18
15 - INDEMNIFICATION BY LICENSEE..........................................................................................................................19
16 - PAYMENTS, NOTICES AND OTHER COMMUNICATIONS...........................................................................................................19
17 - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.............................................................................................................................20
APPENDIX A................................................................................................................................................22
UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
RESEARCH FOUNDATION
and
NU SKIN INTERNATIONAL,
INC.
AMENDED AND RESTATED
PATENT LICENSE AGREEMENT
This
Agreement is made and entered into this 1st day of July 2006, (the EFFECTIVE
DATE) by and between the UNIVERSITY OF UTAH RESEARCH FOUNDATION, having its
principal office at 615 Arapeen Dr., Suite 310, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 (hereinafter
referred to as LICENSOR), and NU SKIN INTERNATIONAL, INC., a Utah corporation,
having its principal office at 75 West Center, Provo, Utah, 84601 (hereinafter referred to
as LICENSEE).
WITNESSETH
WHEREAS,
LICENSOR is the owner of certain LICENSED TECHNOLOGY (as later defined herein) relating to
University of Utah Case No. U-2612, entitled NONINVASIVE DETECTION AND MAPPING OF CHEMICAL
SUBSTANCES IN THE SKIN AND SKIN-RELATED MALIGNANCIES by Werner Gellermann, Robert W.
McClane , Nikita B. Katz and Paul S. Bernstein; and, University of Utah Case No. U-2970,
entitled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR RAMAN CHEMICAL IMAGING OF CAROTENOIDS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
IN LIVING HUMAN TISSUE by Werner Gellermann, Robert W. McClane, and Paul S. Bernstein;
and, has the right to grant licenses under said LICENSED TECHNOLOGY;
WHEREAS,
LICENSOR desires to have the LICENSED TECHNOLOGY developed and commercialized to benefit
the public and is willing to grant a license thereunder;
WHEREAS,
Nutriscan, Inc. and the UURF entered into a License Agreement, dated effective as of June
29, 2000, with respect to the Non-invasive Detection and Mapping of Chemical Substances in
the Skin and Skin-Related Malignancies for use in the sale of dietary supplements (the
Dietary Supplement License); and
WHEREAS,
Spectrotek L.C. and the UURF entered into a License Agreement, dated effective as of June
29, 2000, with respect to the Non-invasive Detection and Mapping of Chemical Substances in
the Skin and Skin-Related Malignancies for use in medical diagnostics (the Medical
Use License); and
WHEREAS,
Spectrotek L.C. and Caroderm, Inc. entered into an Assignment of License Agreement, dated
November 11, 2001, wherein all rights, title and interest in the Agreement were assigned
to Caroderm, Inc.; and
WHEREAS,
the UURF, Caroderm, Inc., and Nutriscan, Inc. entered into a Letter of Understanding,
dated effective as of December 14, 2001 (the Letter of Understanding) wherein
the Parties and Nutriscan, Inc. agreed to further define the fields of use in the
Agreement; and
WHEREAS,
LICENSOR and the other original investors in Nutriscan, Inc. elected to sell all of their
interest in Nutriscan, Inc. to Pharmanex/Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and entered into a
Stock Purchase Agreement dated March 6, 2002; and
WHEREAS, Caroderm, Inc. has subsequently entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, effective as of March 3, 2006 wherein the
Agreement along with all rights title and interest was assigned to Nu Skin or its AFFILIATE;
WHEREAS,
in connection with such merger, LICENSEE and LICENSOR desire to amend and restate in its
entirety the Dietary Supplement License.
NOW,
THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants contained herein, the
parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE 1
DEFINITIONS
For
the purposes of this Agreement, the following words and phrases shall have the following
meanings:
1.1
AFFILIATE means any person or entity that controls, is controlled by, or is
under common control with LICENSEE, directly or indirectly. For purposes of this
definition, control and its various inflected forms means the possession,
directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management
and policies of such person or entity, whether through ownership of voting securities, by
contract or otherwise.
1.2
"PATENT RIGHTS" shall mean all of the following LICENSOR intellectual property:
a. the United States patents listed in Appendix A; b.
the United States patent applications listed in Appendix A, and
divisionals, continuations and claims of continuation-in-part applications
which shall be directed to subject matter specifically described in such
patent applications, and the resulting patents;
c. |
|
any patents resulting from reissues or reexaminations of the United States
patents described in a. and b. above; |
d. |
|
the Foreign patents listed in Appendix A; |
e. |
|
the Foreign patent applications listed in Appendix A, and divisionals,
continuations and claims of continuation-in-part applications which shall be
directed to subject matter specifically described in such Foreign patent
applications, and the resulting patents; |
f. |
|
Foreign patent applications filed after the EFFECTIVE DATE, including those
applications filed in at least the countries listed in Appendix A and
divisionals, continuations and claims of continuation-in-part applications which
shall be directed to subject matter specifically described in such patent
applications, and the resulting patents; and |
g. |
|
any Foreign patents, resulting from equivalent Foreign procedures to United
States reissues and reexaminations, of the Foreign patents described in d., e.
and f. above. |
1.3
LICENSED TECHNOLOGY means and includes the PATENT RIGHTS and other technology
and intellectual property, including inventions, whether patentable or unpatentable,
technical data, software, apparatus, know-how and trade secrets relating to University of
Utah Case Numbers U-2612 and U-2970 owned and known by LICENSOR upon the EFFECTIVE DATE.
1.4
A LICENSED PRODUCT shall mean any product or part thereof which:
a. |
|
is covered in whole or in part by an issued, unexpired claim or a pending claim
contained in the PATENT RIGHTS in the country in which any such product or part
thereof is made, used or sold; or |
b. |
|
is manufactured by using a process or is employed to practice a process which is
covered in whole or in part by an issued, unexpired claim or a pending claim
contained in the PATENT RIGHTS in the country in which any LICENSED PROCESS is
used or in which such product or part thereof is used or sold; and |
c. |
|
is covered by or incorporates any LICENSED TECHNOLOGY. |
1.5
A LICENSED PROCESS shall mean any process which is covered in whole or in part
by an issued, unexpired claim or a pending claim contained in the PATENT RIGHTS or is
covered by or incorporates any LICENSED TECHNOLOGY.
1.6
NET SALES shall mean LICENSEES, its AFFILIATES (except as
described below) and its SUBLICENSEES billings for LICENSED PRODUCTS and LICENSED
PROCESSES less the sum of the following:
a. |
discounts allowed in amounts customary in the trade for quantity purchases,
cash payments, prompt payments, wholesalers and distributors; b. sales, tariff
duties and/or use taxes directly imposed and with reference to particular sales;
c. outbound transportation prepaid or allowed; and d. amounts allowed or
credited on returns. e. commissions paid to independent sales representatives or
agencies. |
No
deductions shall be made for commissions paid to individuals regularly employed by
LICENSEE, or for cost of collections. NET SALES shall occur:
(i) |
with respect to NET SALES of LICENSED PRODUCTS and LICENSED PROCESSES in the
United States, when a LICENSED PRODUCT or LICENSED PROCESS shall be invoiced by
LICENSEE, or an AFFILIATE of LICENSEE, or a SUBLICENSEE, to a third party that
is not an AFFILIATE, or if not invoiced, when delivered to or performed for a
third party that is not an AFFILIATE (and no royalty shall be payable on
intercompany billings to AFFILIATES); |
|
(ii)
with respect to NET SALES of LICENSED PRODUCTS outside of the United States
through AFFILIATES, the date that is six months following the receipt of the
LICENSED PRODUCT by an AFFILIATE and the royalty on such NET SALES shall be
based on the published U.S. retail price rather than the transfer price invoiced
to such AFFILIATES (and no royalty shall be payable on billings by the AFFILIATE
for the LICENSED PRODUCTS); |
(iii) |
with respect to NET SALES of LICENSED PROCESSES outside of the United States,
when such LICENSED PROCESS shall be invoiced by LICENSEE, a SUBLICENSEE, or an
AFFILIATE of LICENSEE to a third party that is not an AFFILIATE; |
(iv) |
with respect to NET SALES of LICENSED PRODUCTS by LICENSEE or SUBLICENSEE to
persons or entities outside of the UNITED STATES that are not AFFILIATES, the
date the LICENSED PRODUCT shall be invoiced by LICENSEE to such third party, or
if not invoiced, when delivered to such third party. |
In
the event a LICENSED PRODUCT is rented, leased, licensed or sold on an installment basis,
the royalties due hereunder shall be calculated and paid on the amount of each installment
as it is invoiced and such transfer via rental agreement, lease, license, consignment or
other similar method shall constitute a NET SALE hereunder and not as a
SUBLICENSE as defined below.
1.7
OTHER REVENUE shall mean LICENSEES gross revenues from the sale of
services (e.g. fees for consulting, research and development, and training) in connection
with:
|
a.
the sublicensing of the LICENSED TECHNOLOGY; and/or |
|
b.
the use or sale, lease or other transfer of LICENSED PRODUCTS or LICENSED
PROCESSES. 1.8 TERRITORY shall mean worldwide. 1.9 FIELD OF
USE shall mean the use of the LICENSED TECHNOLOGY for the non-invasive
measurement of carotenoids and |
similar or related compounds in human
skin including related research; however, the above FIELD OF USE does not include the use
of the technology for identifying, imaging, locating, and/or diagnosing skin lesions or
skin malignancies in human patients. The above FIELD OF USE does not include veterinary
applications; however, it is agreed that LICENSEE may use laboratory, in vitro, and
in vivo animal model methods to research, develop and validate LICENSED PRODUCTS
and LICENSED PROCESSES. For avoidance of doubt, human skin is defined as the continuous
external membrane (integument) enveloping the body and consisting of the epidermis and
dermis, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and mammary glands; the skin does not
include mucosal tissue such as the lining of the mouth.
ARTICLE 2 GRANT
2.1
LICENSOR hereby grants to LICENSEE the right and license in the TERRITORY for the FIELD OF
USE to practice under the LICENSED TECHNOLOGY and, to the extent not prohibited by other
patents, to make, have made, use, lease, license, sell and export LICENSED PRODUCTS and to
practice the LICENSED PROCESSES, until the expiration of the last to expire of any of
LICENSORS rights in the LICENSED TECHNOLOGY, unless this Agreement shall be sooner
terminated according to the terms hereof.
LICENSEE
shall have the right to enter into sublicensing agreements for the rights, privileges and
licenses granted hereunder only during the EXCLUSIVE PERIOD (defined below) of this
Agreement. Upon any termination of this Agreement, SUBLICENSEES rights shall also
terminate, subject to Section 14.6 hereof.
2.2
In order to establish a period of exclusivity for LICENSEE, LICENSOR hereby agrees that it
shall not grant any other license to make, have made, use, lease, sell and import LICENSED
PRODUCTS or to utilize LICENSED PROCESSES, in the TERRITORY for the FIELD OF USE or the
promotion and sale of nutritional supplements during the period of time commencing with
the EFFECTIVE DATE and terminating upon the last to expire of the PATENT RIGHTS
(hereinafter the EXCLUSIVE PERIOD).
2.3
The University of Utah reserves the right to practice under the LICENSED TECHNOLOGY for
noncommercial internal research purposes.
2.4
LICENSEE agrees to incorporate terms and conditions substantively similar to Articles 2,
5, 8.1-6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 16 of this Agreement into its sublicense agreements, so
that these Articles shall be binding upon such SUBLICENSEES as if they were parties to
this Agreement.
2.5
LICENSEE agrees to forward to LICENSOR a copy of any and all sublicense
agreements promptly upon execution by the parties.
2.6
LICENSEE shall not receive from SUBLICENSEES anything of value in lieu of cash payments or
publicly traded securities in consideration for any sublicense under this Agreement,
without the express prior written permission of LICENSOR, which prior written permission
shall not be unreasonably withheld.
2.7
Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to confer any rights upon LICENSEE by
implication, estoppel or otherwise as to any technology or patent rights of LICENSOR or
any other entity other than the LICENSED TECHNOLOGY, regardless of whether such rights
shall be dominant or subordinate to any LICENSED TECHNOLOGY.
ARTICLE 3
DILIGENCE
3.1
LICENSEE shall use its commercially reasonable best efforts to bring one or more LICENSED
PRODUCTS or LICENSED PROCESSES to market and to continue active, diligent marketing
efforts for one or more LICENSED PRODUCTS or LICENSED PROCESSES throughout the life of
this Agreement.
3.2
LICENSEE shall spend at least Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000 USD) by December 31,
2009 toward the research and development of LICENSED PRODUCTS and LICENSED PROCESSES in
the FIELD OF USE.
3.2
LICENSEES failure to perform in accordance with either Paragraph 3.1 above shall be
grounds for LICENSOR to terminate this Agreement pursuant to Paragraph 14.3 hereof.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if there is a major unanticipated research, development,
marketing or regulatory problem, the parties will meet to renegotiate revised due
diligence deadlines.
ARTICLE 4
ROYALTIES
4.1
For the rights, privileges and license granted hereunder, LICENSEE shall pay royalties to
LICENSOR in the manner hereinafter provided to the end of the term of the PATENT RIGHTS or
until this Agreement shall be otherwise terminated, which ever first occurs:
a. |
|
License Issue Fee of Fifty Thousand Dollars ($50,000 USD) due and payable upon
execution of this Agreement. |
c. |
|
License Maintenance Fees of Fifty Thousand Dollars ($50,000 USD) per year;
provided, however, License Maintenance Fees may be credited to Running Royalties
subsequently due on NET SALES or OTHER REVENUE for each said year, if any.
License Maintenance Fees paid in excess of Running Royalties shall not be
creditable to Running Royalties for future years. |
d. |
|
Running Royalties in an amount equal to Three and One Half Percent (3.5%) of NET
SALES of the LICENSED PRODUCTS and LICENSED PROCESSES used, leased or sold by
and/or for LICENSEE and/or its SUBLICENSEES. Should LICENSEE assign its right
and obligations under this License Agreement to a party other than an AFFILIATE,
the Running Royalty shall be Four and One Half Percent (4.5%) for NET SALES made
by the Assignee and its SUBLICENSEES. |
e. |
|
LICENSOR hereby grants to LICENSEE the right to enter into sublicensing
agreements with third parties (hereinafter referred to as
SUBLICENSEES) to the extent of LICENSEES rights under the
grant provided in Section 2.1 and provided that LICENSEE has current exclusive
rights thereto in the TERRITORY being sublicensed pursuant to Section 3.3.
LICENSEE may only enter into sublicensing agreements during the EXCLUSIVE PERIOD
of this AGREEMENT. Upon any termination of this AGREEMENT, SUBLICENSEES
rights shall also terminate. |
f. |
|
Any sublicense granted by LICENSEE to a SUBLICENSEE shall incorporate all of the
terms and conditions of this AGREEMENT, which shall be binding upon each
SUBLICENSEE as if such SUBLICENSEE were a party to this AGREEMENT. |
g. |
|
LICENSEE shall pay to LICENSOR Thirty-five Percent (35%) of any lump-sum fee or
advance payment received by LICENSEE from any SUBLICENSEE. However, that amount
may be reduced by an amount equal to the portion of the lump-sum fee or advance
payment re-invested by LICENSEE in further research and development of the
LICENSED TECHNOLOGY, but in no event shall LICENSEE pay LICENSOR less than
Fifteen Percent (15%) of any lump-sum fee or advance payment. LICENSEE shall not
receive from SUBLICENSEES anything of value in lieu of cash payments in
consideration for any sublicense under this AGREEMENT, without the express prior
written permission of LICENSOR. In addition, LICENSEE shall pay to LICENSOR a
royalty on NET SALES under any sublicense which royalty rate shall be the
greater of: (a) Fifty Percent (50.0%) of the royalty rate charged by LICENSEE on
NET SALES by such SUBLICENSEE, or; (b) the same rate that would be due to
LICENSOR from NET SALES by LICENSEE. |
h. |
|
LICENSEE shall promptly (a) provide LICENSOR with a copy of each sublicense
granted by LICENSEE hereunder and any amendments thereto or terminations
thereof; (b) collect and guarantee payment of all royalties due LICENSOR from
SUBLICENSEES; and (c) summarize and deliver copies of all reports due to
LICENSEE from SUBLICENSEES. |
4.2
All payments due hereunder shall be paid in full, without deduction of taxes or other fees
which may be imposed by any government, except as otherwise provided in Paragraph 1.6(b).
4.3
No multiple royalties shall be payable because any LICENSED PRODUCT, its manufacture, use,
lease or sale are or shall be covered by more than one LICENSED TECHNOLOGY, PATENT RIGHTS
patent application or PATENT RIGHTS patent licensed under this Agreement.
4.4
Royalty payments shall be paid in United States dollars in Salt Lake City, Utah, or at
such other place as LICENSOR may reasonably designate consistent with the laws and
regulations controlling in any foreign country. For converting any Net Sales made in a
currency other than United States Dollars, the parties will use the conversion rate
published in the Wall Street Journal/Telegraphic Transfer Selling conversion rate
reported by the Sumitomo Bank, Tokyo, or other industry standard conversion rate approved
in writing by Licensor for the last day of the Calendar Quarter for which such royalty
payment is due or, if the last day is not a business day, the closest preceding business
day.
ARTICLE 5
REPORTS AND RECORDS
5.1
LICENSEE shall keep full, true and accurate books of account containing all particulars
that may be necessary for the purpose of showing the amounts payable to LICENSOR
hereunder. Said books of account shall be kept at LICENSEES principal place of
business or the principal place of business of the appropriate division of LICENSEE to
which this Agreement relates. Said books and the supporting data shall be open at all
reasonable times for five (5) years following the end of the calendar year to which they
pertain, to the inspection of LICENSOR or its agents for the purpose of verifying
LICENSEES royalty statement or compliance in other respects with this Agreement.
Should such inspection lead to the discovery of a greater than Five Percent (5%)
discrepancy in reporting to LICENSORS detriment, LICENSEE agrees to pay the full
cost of such inspection.
5.2
LICENSEE shall deliver to LICENSOR true and accurate reports, giving such particulars of
the business conducted by LICENSEE and its SUBLICENSEES under this Agreement as shall be
pertinent to diligence under Article 3 and royalty accounting hereunder:
a. |
|
before the first commercial sale of a LICENSED PRODUCT or LICENSED PROCESS,
annually, on January 31 of each year; and |
b. |
|
after the first commercial sale of a LICENSED PRODUCT or LICENSED PROCESS,
quarterly, within sixty (60) days after March 31, June 30, September 30 and
December 31, of each year. |
5.3
These reports shall include at least the following: a.
number of LICENSED PRODUCTS manufactured, leased and sold by and/or for
LICENSEE and all SUBLICENSEES; b. accounting for all LICENSED PROCESSES used or
sold by and/or for LICENSEE and all SUBLICENSEES; c. accounting for NET SALES,
noting the deductions applicable as provided in Paragraph 1.6; d. Royalties due
under Paragraph 4.1(c); e. Running Royalties due under Paragraph 4.1(d); f.
royalties due on other payments from SUBLICENSEES and assignees under paragraph
4.1(e), and (f); g. total royalties due; h. names and addresses of all
SUBLICENSEES of LICENSEE; i. Copies of all sublicenses executed; j. the amount
spent on product development; and k.. the number of full time equivalent
employees working on the LICENSED TECHNOLOGY.
5.4
Each report shall specify the University File number and/or the patent(s) or patent
application(s) that apply to the LICENSED PRODUCTS and LICENSED PROCESSES being reported.
Reports shall be signed by an officer of LICENSEE (or the officers designee). With
each such report submitted, LICENSEE shall pay to LICENSOR the royalties and fees due and
payable under this Agreement. If no royalties shall be due, LICENSEE shall so report.
5.5
On or before the ninetieth (90th) day following the close of LICENSEES fiscal year,
LICENSEE shall provide LICENSOR with LICENSEES consolidated financial statements for
the preceding fiscal year including, at a minimum, a balance sheet and an income
statement. Certified financial statements shall be provided after the company goes public.
5.6
The amounts due under Articles 4 and 6 shall, if overdue, bear interest until payment at a
per annum rate Two Percent (2%) above the Federal Reserve Board prime rate in effect. The
payment of such interest shall not foreclose LICENSOR from exercising any other rights it
may have as a consequence of the lateness of any payment.
ARTICLE 6
PATENT PROSECUTION
6.1
LICENSOR shall diligently prosecute and maintain PATENT RIGHTS with legal counsel of its
choice, after consultation with LICENSEE. LICENSOR shall provide LICENSEE with copies of
all relevant documentation and keep LICENSEE informed and apprized of the continuing
prosecution. LICENSEE shall keep any such documentation and information confidential.
6.2
LICENSEE shall reimburse LICENSOR for all costs and legal fees incurred by LICENSOR in the
preparation, prosecution and maintenance of PATENT RIGHTS, including without limitation,
any taxes on such patent rights, however, LICENSEE shall have the right to:
a. |
|
to receive copies of all patent correspondence; |
b. |
|
to solicit, review and approve estimates and final billings from said patent
attorneys for the above listed services; |
c. |
|
to review and provide comment on all correspondence from and all applications
and draft responses to the patent office; |
d. |
|
to select the foreign countries in which patent applications shall be filed,
prosecuted, and maintained, provided, however, that LICENSOR, at its own cost
and expense, shall have the right to file, prosecute, maintain, and license
patent applications/patents in a foreign country or countries in which LICENSEE
does not elect to file; |
e. |
|
to elect whether and when to file divisionals, continuations, and
continuations-in-part provided, however, that LICENSOR, at its own cost and
expense, shall have the right to file, prosecute, maintain, and license said
divisionals, continuations, and continuations-in-part if LICENSEE does not elect
to file said divisionals, continuations, and/or continuations-in-part, in which
case LICENSEE shall have no license rights or otherwise to those patents. |
6.3
Except at otherwise provided herein, payment of all fees and costs relating to the filing,
prosecution and maintenance of the PATENT RIGHTS shall be the responsibility of LICENSEE,
whether such fees and costs were incurred before or after the EFFECTIVE DATE. LICENSEE
shall pay such fees and costs to LICENSOR within thirty (30) days of invoicing; late
payments shall accrue interest and shall be subject to Paragraph 5.6.
6.4
In the event the PATENT RIGHTS are licensed to an independent third party for a different
field of use, LICENSEES will subsequently be responsible only for its pro-rata share
of patent prosecution expenses as described in this Section 6. For example, if the total
number of Licensees for PATENT RIGHTS is two, LICENSEE shall be obligated to pay 1/2 of
all patent expenses.
ARTICLE 7
CONFIDENTIALITY
7.1
LICENSEE and LICENSOR acknowledge that either party may provide certain information to the
other about the LICENSED TECHNOLOGY that is considered to be confidential. LICENSEE and
LICENSOR shall take reasonable precautions to protect such confidential information. Such
precautions shall involve at least the same degree of care and precaution that LICENSEE
customarily uses to protect its own confidential information.
7.2
LICENSEE acknowledges that LICENSOR is subject to the Utah Governmental Records Access and
Management Act (GRAMA), Section 63-2-101 et seq., Utah Code Ann.
(1953), as amended. Licensor shall keep confidential any information provided to Licensor
by Licensee that Licensee considers confidential, to the extent allowable under GRAMA and
as provided in Section 53B-16-301 et seq., Utah Code Ann. In order to be
eligible for such protection under GRAMA, confidential information of Licensee disclosed
to Licensor must be in written or other tangible form, marked as proprietary, and
accompanied by a written claim by Licensee stating the reasons that such information must
be kept confidential.
ARTICLE 8
INFRINGEMENT
8.1
LICENSEE shall inform LICENSOR promptly in writing of any alleged infringement of the
LICENSED TECHNOLOGY by a third party and of any available evidence thereof.
8.2
LICENSOR shall have the right, but shall not be obligated, to prosecute at its own expense
all infringements of the LICENSED TECHNOLOGY and, in furtherance of such right, LICENSEE
hereby agrees that LICENSOR may include LICENSEE as a party plaintiff in any such suit,
without expense to LICENSEE. The total cost of any such infringement action commenced or
defended solely by LICENSOR shall be borne by LICENSOR. Any recovery of damages by
LICENSOR for such suit shall be applied first in satisfaction of any unreimbursed expenses
and legal fees of LICENSOR relating to such suit, and next toward reimbursement of
LICENSOR for any payments under Article 4 past due or withheld and applied pursuant to
this Article 8. The balance remaining from any such recovery shall be divided with
Seventy-Five Percent (75%) going to the LICENSOR and Twenty-Five Percent (25%) going to
LICENSEE.
8.3
If within six (6) months after having been notified of an alleged infringement, LICENSOR
shall have been unsuccessful in persuading the alleged infringer to desist and shall not
have brought and shall not be diligently prosecuting an infringement action, or if
LICENSOR shall notify LICENSEE at any time prior thereto of its intention not to bring
suit against any alleged infringer in the TERRITORY for the FIELD OF USE, then, and in
those events only, LICENSEE shall have the right, but shall not be obligated, to prosecute
at its own expense any infringement of the LICENSED TECHNOLOGY in the TERRITORY for the
FIELD OF USE, and LICENSEE may, for such purposes, use the name of LICENSOR as party
plaintiff; provided, however, that such right to bring such an infringement action shall
remain in effect only during the EXCLUSIVE PERIOD. No settlement, consent judgment or
other voluntary final disposition of the suit may be entered into without the consent of
LICENSOR, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld. LICENSEE shall indemnify
LICENSOR against any order for costs that may be made against LICENSOR in such
proceedings.
8.4
In the event that LICENSEE shall undertake litigation for the enforcement of the LICENSED
TECHNOLOGY, or the defense of the LICENSED TECHNOLOGY under Paragraph 8.5, LICENSEE may
withhold up to Fifty Percent (50%) of the Running Royalty payments otherwise thereafter
due LICENSOR under Article 4 hereunder and apply the same toward reimbursement of up to
half of LICENSEES expenses, including reasonable attorneys fees, in connection
therewith. Any recovery of damages by LICENSEE for each such suit shall be applied first
in satisfaction of any unreimbursed expenses and legal fees of LICENSEE relating to such
suit, and next toward reimbursement of LICENSOR for any payments under Article 4 past due
or withheld and applied pursuant to this Article 8. The balance remaining from any such
recovery shall be divided with Twenty-five percent (25%) going to LICENSOR and
Seventy-five percent (75%) going to LICENSEE.
8.5
In the event that a declaratory judgment action alleging invalidity or noninfringement of
any of the LICENSED TECHNOLOGY shall be brought against LICENSOR or LICENSEE, LICENSOR, at
its option, shall have the right, within thirty (30) days after commencement of such
action, to take over the sole defense of the action at its own expense. If LICENSOR shall
not exercise this right, LICENSEE may take over the sole defense at LICENSEES sole
expense, subject to Paragraph 8.4.
8.6
In any infringement suit as either party may institute to enforce the LICENSED TECHNOLOGY
pursuant to this Agreement, the other party hereto shall, at the request and expense of
the party initiating such suit, cooperate in all respects and, to the extent possible,
have its employees testify when requested and make available relevant records, papers,
information, samples, specimens, and the like.
8.7
LICENSEE, during the EXCLUSIVE PERIOD, shall have the sole right in accordance with the
terms and conditions herein to sublicense any alleged infringer in the TERRITORY for the
FIELD OF USE for future use of the LICENSED TECHNOLOGY. Any upfront fees as part of such a
sublicense shall be shared equally between LICENSEE and LICENSOR; other revenues shall be
treated per Article 4.
ARTICLE 9
PRODUCT LIABILITY
9.1
LICENSEE shall at all times during the term of this Agreement and thereafter, indemnify,
defend and hold LICENSOR, its trustees, directors, officers, employees and affiliates,
harmless against all claims, proceedings, demands and liabilities of any kind whatsoever,
including legal expenses and reasonable attorneys fees, arising out of the death of
or injury to any person or persons or out of any damage to property, resulting from the
production, manufacture, sale, use, lease, consumption or advertisement of the LICENSED
PRODUCT(s) and/or LICENSED PROCESS(es) or arising from any obligation of LICENSEE
hereunder.
9.2
LICENSEE shall obtain and carry in full force and effect commercial, general liability
insurance which shall protect LICENSEE and LICENSOR with respect to events covered by
Paragraph 9.1 above. Such insurance shall be written by a reputable insurance company
authorized to do business in the State of Utah, shall list LICENSOR as an additional named
insured thereunder, shall be endorsed to include product liability coverage and shall
require thirty (30) days written notice to be given to LICENSOR prior to any cancellation
or material change thereof. The limits of such insurance shall not be less than Five
Hundred Thousand ($500,000) per occurrence with an aggregate of One Million Dollars
($1,000,000) for personal injury including death; Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000)
per occurrence with an aggregate of One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) for property damage;
and Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000) per occurrence with an aggregate of One
Million Dollars ($1,000,000) for errors and omissions. LICENSEE shall provide LICENSOR
with Certificates of Insurance evidencing the same.
9.3
EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN THIS AGREEMENT, THE PARTIES ACKNOWLEDGE AND AGREE THAT
LICENSOR HAS MADE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT
SHALL LICENSOR BE HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF PATENT RIGHTS, EVEN IF LICENSOR IS ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
ARTICLE 10
EXPORT CONTROLS
10.1
When required by local/national law, Licensee shall register this Agreement, pay all costs
and legal fees connected therewith, and otherwise insure that the local/national laws
affecting this Agreement are fully satisfied.
10.2
Licensee shall comply with all applicable U.S. laws dealing with the export and/or
management of technology or information. Licensee understands that the Arms Export Control
Act (AECA), including its implementing International Traffic In Arms Regulations (ITAR,)
and the Export Administration Act (EAA), including its Export Administration Regulations
(EAR), are some (but not all) of the laws and regulations that comprise the U.S. export
laws and regulations. Licensee further understands that the U.S. export laws and
regulations include (but are not limited to): (1) ITAR and EAR
product/service/data-specific requirements; (2) ITAR and EAR ultimate destination-specific
requirements; (3) ITAR and EAR end user-specific requirements; (4) ITAR and EAR end
use-specific requirements; (5) Foreign Corrupt Practices Act; and (6) anti-boycott laws
and regulations. Licensee will comply with all then-current applicable export laws and
regulations of the U.S. Government (and other applicable U.S. laws and regulations)
pertaining to the Licensed Product(s) and/or Licensed Method(s) (including any associated
products, items, articles, computer software, media, services, technical data, and other
information). Licensee certifies that it will not, directly or indirectly, export
(including any deemed export), nor re-export (including any deemed re-export) the Licensed
Product(s) and/or Licensed Method(s) (including any associated products, items,
articles, computer software, media, services, technical data, and other information) in
violation of U.S. export laws and regulations or other applicable U.S. laws and
regulations. Licensee will include an appropriate provision in its agreements with its
authorized Sublicensees to assure that these parties comply with all then-current
applicable U.S. export laws and regulations and other applicable U.S. laws and regulations
ARTICLE 11
NON-USE OF NAMES
LICENSEE
shall not use the names or trademarks of the University of Utah, LICENSOR, nor any
adaptation thereof, nor the names of any of their employees, in any advertising,
promotional or sales literature without prior written consent obtained from LICENSOR, or
said employee, in each case, except to the extent permitted by University Policy and
Procedures # 8-12.4(D)(3) or the University policy in effect at the time, and except that
LICENSEE may state that it is licensed by LICENSOR under one or more of the patents and/or
applications or rights comprising the LICENSED TECHNOLOGY.
ARTICLE 12
ASSIGNMENT
This
Agreement is not assignable or otherwise transferable (including by operation of law,
merger, or other business combination) by Licensee without the prior written consent of
LICENSOR, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, so long as the assignee shall
agree in writing to be bound by the terms and conditions hereof prior to such assignment.
The failure of LICENSEE to comply with the terms of this paragraph shall be grounds for
termination of the Agreement by LICENSOR under Paragraph 14.3. In the event that written
consent is provided by LICENSOR, LICENSEE will pay to LICENSOR a non-refundable fee of
Fifty Thousand Dollars ($50,000 USD) if the total transaction value is less than Fifteen
Million US Dollars ($15,000,000 USD), One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000) if the total
transaction value is between Fifteen Million Dollars ($15,000,000 USD) and Thirty Million
Dollars ($30,000,000), and One Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($150,000 USD) if the total
transaction value exceeds Thirty Million Dollars ($30,000,000 USD) upon the consummation
of the assignment or transfer.
ARTICLE 13
DISPUTE RESOLUTION
13.1
Except for the right of either party to apply to a court of competent jurisdiction for a
temporary restraining order, a preliminary injunction, or other equitable relief to
preserve the status quo or prevent irreparable harm, any and all claims, disputes or
controversies arising under, out of, or in connection with the Agreement, including any
dispute relating to patent validity or infringement, which the parties shall be unable to
resolve within sixty (60) days shall be mediated in good faith. The party raising such
dispute shall promptly advise the other party of such claim, dispute or controversy in a
writing which describes in reasonable detail the nature of such dispute. By not later than
five (5) business days after the recipient has received such notice of dispute, each party
shall have selected for itself a representative who shall have the authority to bind such
party, and shall additionally have advised the other party in writing of the name and
title of such representative. By not later than ten (10) business days after the date of
such notice of dispute, the party against whom the dispute shall be raised shall select a
mediator in the Salt Lake City area and such representatives shall schedule a date with
such mediator for a mediation hearing. The parties shall enter into good faith mediation
and shall share the costs equally. If the representatives of the parties have not been
able to resolve the dispute within fifteen (15) business days after such mediation
hearing, then any and all claims, disputes or controversies arising under, out of, or in
connection with this Agreement, including any dispute relating to patent validity or
infringement, shall be resolved by final and binding arbitration in Salt Lake City, Utah
under the rules of the American Arbitration Association, or the Patent Arbitration Rules
if applicable, then obtaining. The arbitrators shall have no power to add to, subtract
from or modify any of the terms or conditions of this Agreement, nor to award punitive
damages. Any award rendered in such arbitration may be enforced by either party in either
the courts of Utah or in the United States District Court for the District of Utah, to
whose jurisdiction for such purposes LICENSOR and LICENSEE each hereby irrevocably
consents and submits. All costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys fees,
of the prevailing party in connection with arbitration of such controversy or claim shall
be borne by the other party.
13.2
Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Article shall be construed to waive any
rights or timely performance of any obligations existing under this Agreement.
ARTICLE 14
TERMINATION
14.1 If LICENSEE shall cease to carry on its business, this Agreement shall terminate upon notice by LICENSOR.
14.2 Should LICENSEE fail to make any payment whatsoever due and payable to LICENSOR hereunder, LICENSOR shall have the right
to terminate this Agreement effective
on sixty (60) days notice, unless LICENSEE shall make all such payments to LICENSOR
within said sixty (60) day period. Upon the expiration of the sixty (60) day period, if
LICENSEE shall not have made all such payments to LICENSOR, the rights, privileges and
license granted hereunder shall automatically terminate.
14.3
Upon any breach or default of this Agreement by LICENSEE (including, but not limited to,
breach or default under Paragraph 3.3), other than those occurrences set out in Paragraphs
14.1 and 14.2 hereinabove, which shall always take precedence in that order over any
breach or default referred to in this Paragraph 14.3, LICENSOR shall have the right to
terminate this Agreement and the rights, privileges and license granted hereunder
effective on sixty (60) days notice to LICENSEE. Such termination shall become
automatically effective unless LICENSEE shall have cured any such material breach or
default prior to the expiration of the sixty (60) day period.
14.4
LICENSEE shall have the right to terminate this Agreement at any time on six (6)
months notice to LICENSOR, and upon payment of all amounts due LICENSOR through the
effective date of the termination.
14.5
Upon termination of this Agreement for any reason, nothing herein shall be construed to
release either party from any obligation that matured prior to the effective date of such
termination; and Articles 1, 2.1, 4.2, 4.4, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14.5, 14.6, 16 and 17 shall
survive any such termination. LICENSEE and any SUBLICENSEE thereof may, however, after the
effective date of such termination, sell all LICENSED PRODUCTS, and complete LICENSED
PRODUCTS in the process of manufacture at the time of such termination and sell the same,
provided that LICENSEE shall make the payments to LICENSOR as required by Article 4 of
this Agreement and shall submit the reports required by Article 5 hereof.
14.6
Upon termination of this Agreement for any reason, any SUBLICENSEE not then in default
shall have the right to seek a license from LICENSOR, LICENSOR agrees to negotiate such
licenses in good faith under reasonable terms and conditions.
ARTICLE 15.
INDEMNIFICATION BY LICENSEE
LICENSEE
shall indemnify, hold harmless and defend LICENSOR, the University of Utah, and their
respective officers, employees and agents, against any and all claims, suits, losses,
damages, costs, liabilities, fees and expenses (including reasonable fees of attorneys)
resulting from or arising out of exercise of: (a) any license granted under this
Agreement; or (b) any act, error, or omission of LICENSEE, its agents, employees,
Affiliates, or Sublicensees, except where such claims, suits, losses, damages, costs,
fees, or expenses result solely from the negligent acts or omissions, or willful
misconduct of the LICENSOR, Sublicensees, Affiliates, its officers, employees or agents.
LICENSEE shall give LICENSOR timely notice of any claim or suit instituted of which
LICENSEE has knowledge that in any way, directly or indirectly, affects or might affect
LICENSOR, and LICENSOR shall have the right at its own expense to participate in the
defense of the same.
ARTICLE 16
PAYMENTS, NOTICES AND OTHER COMMUNICATIONS
Any
payments, notice or other communication pursuant to this Agreement shall be sufficiently
made or given on the date of mailing if sent to such party by certified first class mail,
return receipt requested, postage prepaid, addressed to it at its address below or as it
shall designate by written notice given to the other party: In the case of LICENSOR:
Director
Technology
Commercialization OfficeUniversity
of Utah615
Arapeen Dr., Suite 310Salt
Lake
City, UT 84108
With a copy to:
OFFICE
OF GENERAL COUNSEL
University
of Utah309
Park Building
Salt
Lake City, Utah 84112
In the case of LICENSEE:
Nu
Skin International, Inc.Attention:
General Counsel75
West Center StreetProvo,
Utah
84601
ARTICLE 17
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
17.1
All disputes arising out of or related to this Agreement, or the performance, enforcement,
breach or termination hereof, and any remedies relating thereto, shall be construed,
governed, interpreted and applied in accordance with the laws of the State of Utah,
U.S.A., except that questions affecting the construction and effect of any patent shall be
determined by the law of the country in which the patent shall have been granted.
17.2
The parties hereto acknowledge that this Agreement sets forth the entire Agreement and
understanding of the parties hereto as to the subject matter hereof, and shall not be
subject to any change or modification except by the execution of a written instrument
signed by the parties.
17.3
The provisions of this Agreement are severable, and in the event that any provisions of
this Agreement shall be determined to be invalid or unenforceable under any controlling
body of the law, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not in any way affect the
validity or enforceability of the remaining provisions hereof.
17.4
LICENSEE agrees to mark the LICENSED PRODUCTS sold in the United States with all
applicable United States patent numbers. All LICENSED PRODUCTS shipped to or sold in other
countries shall be marked in such a manner as to conform with the patent laws and practice
of the country of manufacture or sale.
17.5
The failure of either party to assert a right hereunder or to insist upon compliance with
any term or condition of this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of that right or
excuse a similar subsequent failure to perform any such term or condition by the other
party. Any waiver must be in writing acknowledged by both parties.
IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have duly executed this Agreement the day and year set forth
below.
"LICENSOR" "LICENSEE"
UNIVERSITY OF UTAH NU
SKIN INTERNATIONAL, INC.RESEARCH
FOUNDATION
Signature: Signature:
Raymond Gesteland, PhD M. Truman Hunt
Name: Name:
Title: President Title: CEO and President
Date: Date:
APPENDIX A
PATENT RIGHTS on the EFFECTIVE DATE
UNITED STATES PATENT RIGHTS
University of Utah Case No. U-2612: NONINVASIVE DETECTION AND MAPPING OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES IN THE SKIN AND SKIN-RELATED MALIGNANCIES
[Inventors: Nikita B. Katz, Paul S. Bernstein, Robert W. McClane and Werner
Gellermann]
Country Appl. No. File Date Patent No. Issue Date Status
US 09/335,932 06/18/99 6,205,354 3/20/2001 Issued
PCT PCT/US00/07745 03/22/00 Pending
JP 504,288/2001 Pending
JP 306,408/2005 (Divisional) Pending
EP 1196088 Pending
CA 2,371,886 12/7/2001 Pending
KR 10-2001-7016066 12/14/2001 Pending
University of Utah Case No. U-2970: METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR RAMAN CHEMICAL IMAGING OF CAROTENOIDS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS IN
LIVING HUMAN TISSUE
Country Appl. No. File Date Patent No. Issue Date Status
US 10/040,883 1/7/2002 7,039,452 5/2/2006 Issued
PCT PCT/US02/41753 12/30/2002 Pending
JP 558,460/2003 7/6/2004 Pending
EP 2797534.1 12/30/2003 Pending
Annual Director Option
NU SKIN
ENTERPRISES, INC.
SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED
1996 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN
NONQUALIFIED STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT
(Director Option Agreement)
This
Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement (the Agreement) is made
effective as of May 4, 1999 (the Effective Date), to _____________
(the Optionee) under the Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. Second Amended
and Restated 1996 Stock Incentive Plan (the Plan) by Nu Skin
Enterprises, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the Company). Capitalized
terms used herein without definition and defined in the Plan have the same
meanings as provided in the Plan.
1.
GRANT. Pursuant to Section 7 of the Plan, the Company has granted to
Optionee ___________ (_________) options (the
Options) as of the Effective Date as an incentive to remain as a
director of the Company and to work to increase the value of the Company for its
stockholders. Each Option shall entitle the Optionee to purchase, on the terms
and conditions of this Agreement and the Plan, one fully paid and non-assessable
share of Class A Common Stock (the Class A Common Stock) of the
Company at the option price of $_____ per share. The Options are subject
to all of the terms and conditions of the Plan and this Agreement.
2.
NATURE OF OPTION. The Options are intended to
constitute Non-qualified Stock Options and the provisions of the Options shall
be interpreted consistent therewith.
3.
TERMS AND EXERCISE PERIOD.
(a)
Options awarded under
this Agreement may not be exercised at any time until such Options are vested as
provided in Section 4 of this Agreement.
(b)
Except as otherwise
provided in Section 5 of this Agreement the Options granted hereunder shall
terminate on the earlier of (i) the tenth anniversary of the date of this
Agreement, or (ii) the date such Options are fully exercised.
4.
VESTING. All of the Options granted hereunder shall vest on May 4, 2000.
5.
TERMINATION OF SERVICE.
(a) |
In the event the Optionees service as a director is terminated for any
reason, all Options that are not vested at the time of termination of service as
a Director shall terminate and be forfeited immediately upon termination of
service as a director. |
(b) |
In the event the Optionees service as a director is terminated for any
reason, all Options granted hereunder that are vested but unexercised at the
time of termination of service as director shall terminate upon the earliest to
occur of the following: (i) the full exercise of the Options, (ii) the
expiration of the Options by their terms, or (iii) one year following the date
of termination of the Optionees service as a director. Until such Options
have been terminated pursuant to the preceding sentence, the vested Options at
the time of termination of service shall be exercisable by the Optionee, the
estate of the Optionee, or the person or persons to whom the Options may have
been transferred by will or by the laws of descent and distribution for the
period set forth in this Section 5(b), as the case may be. |
1
(c) |
In the event that the Optionee (a) commits an act of fraud or intentional
misrepresentation related to his or her services as a director, (b) discloses or
uses confidential information in a manner detrimental to the Company, (c)
competes with the Company, or (d) takes any other actions that are harmful to
the interests of the Company, then the Committee shall have the right to
terminate this Agreement at their discretion, in which case all Options granted
hereunder shall terminate and be forfeited. |
6.
STOCK CERTIFICATES. Within a reasonable time after the exercise of an Option,
and the satisfaction of the Optionee's obligations hereunder, the Company shall
cause to be delivered to the person entitled thereto a certificate for the
shares purchased pursuant to the exercise of such Option.
7.
TRANSFERABILITY OF OPTIONS. This Agreement and the Options
granted hereunder shall not be transferable otherwise than by will or by the
laws of descent and distribution, and shall be exercised, during the lifetime of
the Optionee, only by the Optionee.
8.
EXERCISE OF OPTIONS. Options shall become exercisable at such time,
as may be provided herein and shall be exercisable by written notice of such
exercise, in the form prescribed by the Committee, to the Secretary or President
of the Company, at its principal office, or such other person as may be
designated by the Committee. The notice shall specify the number of Options that
are being exercised. The Option Price shall be payable on the exercise of the
Options and shall be paid in cash, in shares of Class A Common Stock, including
shares of Class A Common Stock acquired pursuant to the Plan, part in cash and
part in shares, or such other manner as may be approved by the Committee
consistent with the terms of the Plan as it may be amended from time to time.
Shares of Class A Common Stock transferred in payment of the Option Price shall
be valued as of the date of transfer based on the Fair Market Value of the
Companys Class A Common Stock which for purposes hereof, shall be
considered to be the average closing price of the Companys Class A Common
Stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange for the ten (10) trading days
just prior to the date of exercise. Only shares of the Companys Class A
Common Stock which have been held for at least six (6) months may be used to
exercise the Option.
9.
NO RIGHTS AS STOCKHOLDER. This Agreement shall not entitle the
Optionee to any rights as a stockholder of the Company until the date of the
issuance of a stock certificate to the Optionee for shares pursuant to the
exercise of Options covered hereby.
10.
GOVERNING PLAN DOCUMENT. This Agreement incorporates by reference
all of the terms and conditions of the Plan as presently existing and as
hereafter amended. The Optionee expressly acknowledges and agrees that the terms
and provisions of this Agreement are subject in all respects to the provisions
of the Plan. The Optionee also hereby expressly acknowledges, agrees and
represents as follows:
(a)
Acknowledges receipt of
a copy of the Plan and represents that the Optionee is familiar with the
provisions of the Plan, and that the Optionee enters into this Agreement subject
to all of the provisions of the Plan.
(b)
Recognizes that the Committee has been granted complete authority to administer the Plan in its sole
discretion, and agrees to accept all decisions related to the Plan and all
interpretations of the Plan made by the Committee as final and conclusive upon
the Optionee and upon all persons at any time claiming any interest through the
Optionee in any Option granted hereunder.
(c)
Acknowledges and understands that the establishment of the Plan and the
existence of this Agreement are not sufficient, in and of themselves, to exempt
the Optionee from the
2
requirements of Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act and any
rules or regulations promulgated thereunder, and that the Optionee shall not be
exempt from such requirements pursuant to Rule 16b-3 unless and until the
Optionee shall comply with all applicable requirements of Rule 16b-3, including
without limitation, the possible requirement that the Optionee must not sell or
otherwise dispose of any share of Class A Common Stock acquired upon exercise of
an Option unless and until a period of at least six months shall have elapsed
between the date upon which such Option was granted to the Optionee and the date
upon which the Optionee desires to sell or otherwise dispose of any share of
Class A Common Stock acquired upon exercise of such Option.
(d)
Acknowledges and
understands that the Optionees use of Class A Common Stock owned by the
Optionee to pay the Option Price of an Option could have substantial adverse tax
consequences to the Optionee, and that the Company recommends that the Optionee
consult with a knowledgeable tax advisor before paying the Option Price of any
Option with Class A Common Stock.
11.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. As a condition to the exercise of any
Option granted pursuant to the Plan, the Company may require the person
exercising such Option to make any representations and warranties to the Company
that legal counsel to the Company may determine to be required or advisable
under any applicable law or regulation, including without limitation,
representations and warranties that the shares of Class A Common Stock being
acquired through the exercise of such Option are being acquired only for
investment and without any present intention or view to sell or distribute any
such shares.
12.
OPTIONEE RIGHTS. No provision of this Agreement or the Plan shall be
deemed to give to Optionee any right to be retained in the service of the
Company, or to interfere in any way with the right of the Company at any time to
discontinue using the services of Optionee as an independent contractor or other
capacity or to remove Optionee as a director.
13.
WITHHOLDING OF TAXES. To the extent required by applicable law, the
Optionee authorizes the Company to withhold, in accordance with applicable laws
and regulations, from any compensation or other payment payable to the Optionee,
all federal, state and other taxes attributable to taxable income realized by
the Optionee as a result of the grant or exercise of any Options. As a condition
to the exercise of any Option, Optionee shall remit to the Company the amount of
cash necessary to pay any withholding taxes, if any, associated therewith or
make other arrangements acceptable to the Company, in the Companys sole
discretion, for the payment of any withholding taxes.
14.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF GRANT. Each Option granted pursuant to this
Agreement shall be effective as of the date first written above.
15.
COMPLIANCE WITH LAW AND REGULATIONS. The obligations of the Company
hereunder are subject to all applicable federal and state laws and to the rules,
regulations and other requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission,
any stock exchange upon which the Class A Common Stock is then listed and any
other government or regulatory agency.
16.
SECTION REFERENCES. The references to Plan sections shall be to the
sections as in existence on the date hereof unless an amendment to the Plan
specifically provides otherwise.
17.
QUESTIONS. All questions regarding this Agreement shall be addressed
to M. Truman Hunt.
3
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, these parties
hereby execute this Agreement to be effective as of the Effective Date.
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC., a Delaware corporation
By: ______________________________
Its: Steven J. Lund, President and CEO
______________________________
Optionee
______________________________
______________________________
Optionee's Address
3
Performance Targets Exhibit
The following summarizes the relevant incentive periods, performance
targets, and formulas established by the Compensation Committee under the 2006 Senior
Executive Plan.
(1) |
Semi-Annual Incentive Periods. There shall be two six-month incentive
periods (the Semi-Annual Incentive Periods) commencing on
January 1st and July 1st, respectively. The bonus for each semi-annual period is
based on 25% of the annual base salary as defined below. |
(2) |
Quarterly Incentive Periods. In addition, there shall be four quarterly
incentive periods (the Quarterly Incentive Periods)
commencing on the first day of each of the Companys fiscal quarters. The
bonus for each quarterly period is based on 12.5% of the annual base salary as
defined below. |
(3) |
The Semi Annual Incentive Periods and the Quarterly Incentive Periods are
collectively referred to as the Incentive Periods, and
individually as an Incentive Period. |
Incentive
Targets
(1) |
Critical Success Factors. Operating profit and revenue shall be the
performance targets used to determine whether an Incentive Award shall be paid
for an Incentive Period and the amount of any such Incentive Awards to be paid
to a Participant under the Plan. |
(2) |
Establishment of Incentive Targets. The Compensation Committee shall
approve minimum level, budget level and stretch level operating profit target
(the OP Targets) and a minimum level, budget level and
stretch level revenue target (the Rev Targets) for
each Incentive Period for each Executive. The targets are referred to as the
Targets. |
Incentive
Award Thresholds
(1) |
Operating Profit Threshold. In the event that the Companys actual
operating profit is less than the minimum OP Target for the applicable Incentive
Period, no Incentive Award shall be paid to any Executive for such Incentive
Period; provided, however, if an Executive has a country and/or a regional OP
Target, the portion of the Incentive Award based on such Targets may still be
paid to the Executive if actual operating profit for such country and/or region
is equal to or greater than the minimum OP Target for such country and /or
region. |
(2) |
Other Thresholds. If actual performance is less than the minimum Target
of another specified Target for an Executive in any given Incentive Period, the
portion of the Incentive Award tied to such Target shall not be paid for such
Incentive Period, but this shall not affect the payment of the portion of the
Incentive Award tied to other Targets in which performance is equal to or
greater than the minimum Target of the applicable Target except as provided in
Paragraph (1) above; provided, however, that Executives who have regional OP
Targets shall not be paid any portion of the Incentive Award based on regional
Targets if the operating profit for the region is less than the minimum OP
Target for the region. |
(3) |
Performance Rating Threshold. An executive must also be performing at a
bonus eligible performance level as determined in accordance with
the Companys most recent performance evaluations. |
Incentive
Awards
(1) |
|
Incentive Awards. In the event the relevant operating profit threshold
has been satisfied, the total Incentive Award for an Executive for any Incentive
Period shall be determined by multiplying the applicable portion of
Participants base salary (as defined below) by the sum of all of the
Adjusted Bonus Percentages applicable for such Incentive Period with respect to
the Targets where the required performance thresholds have been met. Base salary
shall be the base salary that is in effect on the date the final Incentive Award
is calculated and shall include foreign service premiums, but shall not include
cost of living allowances or any other premiums. |
(2) |
|
Bonus Percentages. The Committee has established a target bonus
percentage (the Bonus Percentage) for each Participant
representing a percentage of base salary. Seventy percent of such Bonus
Percentage will be allocated to Rev Targets and 30% shall be allocated to OP
Targets. For division heads and regional vice presidents, the revenue portion
may be divided between overall Company revenue performance and region or
division revenue performance as approved by the Compensation Committee. Assigned
Bonus Percentages shall be adjusted (the Adjusted Bonus
Percentages) as set forth in Paragraphs (3)(a) and (3)(b) below for
each Incentive Period based on actual performance in such Incentive Period. |
(3) |
|
Adjusted Bonus Percentages. The formulas described in parts (a) and (b)
below are used to adjust the Bonus Percentage for revenue and operating profit
(30% of total bonus). |
a. |
|
In the event that actual performance equals or exceeds the minimum level Target,
but is less than the budget level Target, the Bonus Percentage for such
Incentive Period and such Target shall be adjusted in accordance with the
following formula: |
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted Bonus
Percentage = Bonus Percentage * [.50+ (.50* ((Actual Performance - Minimum Level
Target)/(Budget Level Target - Minimum
Level Target))] |
|
|
|
The formula
results in a 50% negative adjustment to the applicable Bonus Percentage at the minimum
level Target, with the adjusted bonus percentage increasing linearly to equal the
applicable Bonus Percentage at the budget level Target. |
b. |
|
In the event that actual performance equals or is greater than the budget level
Target, the Bonus Percentage for such Incentive Period and such Target shall be
adjusted in accordance with the following formula: |
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted Bonus
Percentage = Bonus Percentage * [1+ ((Actual Performance - Budget Level
Target)/(Stretch Level Target - Budget
Level Target))] |
|
|
|
The formula
results in a linear adjustment to the applicable Bonus Percentage with the Adjusted Bonus
Percentage being equal to 200% of the applicable Bonus Percentage at the stretch level
Target. |
c. |
|
In the event that actual performance exceeds the stretch level Target, the Bonus
Percentage for such Incentive Period and such Target shall be adjusted in
accordance with the following formula: |
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted Bonus
Percentage = Bonus Percentage * [1+ ((Actual Performance)/(Stretch Level
Target))] |
|
(4) |
|
Incentive
Awards will be capped according to the following schedule: |
|
a. |
|
For
markets which budget a loss and achieve a loss 100% |
|
b. |
|
For
markets which budget a loss and achieve positive results 150% |
|
c. |
|
For
markets which budget operating income less than 5% of revenue 150% |
|
d. |
|
There
is no cap for markets which budget operating income exceeding 5% of total
revenue. |
NSJ Director Retirement Allowance Plan
Nu Skin Japan Director Retirement Allowance Plan
1.
Background. Based on
Japanese employment regulations and customary business practice, Nu Skin Japan
(NSJ) has implemented a retirement plan for NSJ employees. Employees who also
serve on the Board of Directors are not eligible for the general retirement plan
available to NSJ employees. In order to reward NSJs most senior managers
for their leadership, commitment and overall contribution to NSJ, and in order
to attract and retain the highest quality leaders available to NSJ, a Director
Retirement Allowance Plan was adopted that is available to senior managers in
Japan who are both officers of the Corporation as well as members of the Board.
2.
Details. The plan provides additional compensation above
regular salary and bonuses, at the date of retirement, to eligible members as
provided in the following formula:
Monthly Salary at Retirement *
Years of Service * Efficiency Rate
(The efficiency rate is an
arbitrary multiplier based on position)
|
|
Efficiency Rate |
|
|
President and Board Member |
2.0 |
|
|
Vice President and Board Member |
1.9 |
|
|
Executive Director and Board Member |
1.8 |
|
3.
Additional Allowance. Under the plan the Board of
Directors is authorized to approve at their sole discretion, an additional
allowance at the date of retirement in an amount determined by the Board of
Directors but not more than 25% of the amound determined in accordance with the
formula set forth in paragraph 2 above.
Dan Chard Employment Agreement
May 26, 2006
Mr. Dan Chard
Re: Terms of Employment
Dear Dan:
This
letter shall confirm our understanding with respect to your new position and terms of
engagement.
Your
base salary will be increased to $300,000. This increase will be made retroactive to
February 13, 2006, the date you agreed to accept this new position. The base salary will
be increased by $25,000 in February 2007 and by another $25,000 in February 2008.
You
will participate in the executive incentive bonus at the same level as other executive
vice president members of the executive committee. For 2006, your bonus will be equal to
the greater of (a) the amount you would have earned if you had remained President, Nu Skin
Europe under the terms of the bonus plan you were participating in at the time you
accepted this position, and (b) the amount of the corporate bonus you would be entitled to
under the executive bonus plan applicable to executive vice president members of the
executive committee as described above. Upon execution of this letter, you will be paid
the $60,000 European bonus payable to you per the foregoing terms of this letter.
Upon
your execution of this letter, you will be granted a stock option for 100,000 shares at an
exercise price equal to the closing price of our Class A Common Stock. The options shall
vest as follows:
|
|
12,500 |
|
February 13, 2007 |
|
12,500 |
|
February 13, 2008 | |
12,500 |
|
February 13, 2009 | |
12,500 |
|
February 13, 2010 | |
50,000 |
|
February 13, 2011 | |
You
will also receive annual equity incentives on the same terms as other executive vice
president members of the executive committee (currently 35,000 options). The terms of the
options will contain a change in control provision that would provide for acceleration of
vesting in the event you are terminated following a change in control on the terms
generally provided to other executive vice president members of the executive committee,
or in the event the options are not assumed, or equivalent replacement options issued, by
the successor corporation.
In
the event your employment is terminated by the company other than for cause, the Company
will make a severance payment to you in an amount equal to 1.5 times your then current
base salary.
In
addition, the Company will reimburse you for any taxes associate with moving your grand
piano from Germany to Utah.
Notwithstanding
anything herein to the contrary, (i) if at the time of your termination of employment with
the Company your are a specified employee as defined in Section 409A of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code) and the deferral of the
commencement of any payments or benefits otherwise payable hereunder as a result of such
termination of employment is necessary in order to prevent any accelerated or additional
tax under Section 409A of the Code, then the Company will defer the commencement of the
payment of any such payments or benefits hereunder (without any reduction in such payments
or benefits ultimately paid or provided to you) until the date that is six months
following your termination of employment with the Company (or the earliest date as is
permitted under Section 409A of the Code) and (ii) if any other payments of money or other
benefits due to you hereunder could cause the application of an accelerated or additional
tax under Section 409A of the Code, such payments or other benefits shall be deferred if
deferral will make such payment or other benefits compliant under Section 409A of the
Code, or otherwise such payment or other benefits shall be restructured, to the extent
possible, in a manner, determined by the Board, that does not cause such an accelerated or
additional tax.
Your
employment shall be on an at-will basis and nothing in this shall letter confer any right
to continue in the employment or service of the Company for any period of specific
duration or interfere with or otherwise restrict in any way the rights of the Company,
which rights are hereby expressly reserved, to terminate your employment or service at any
time for any reason.
Sincerely
yours,
Truman Hunt
Chief Executive
Officer
Agreed to this 1st day of June 2006
/s/ Daniel Chard
Daniel Chard
Appearance Bonus Exhibit
Appearance Bonus Guidelines
In recognition of the great value
founding executives provide through speaking at important company events, the company
desires to provide a $10,000 bonus to certain founding executives for providing these
important services.
Participation and speaking at the
following events are included in the executives base salary and no bonus will be
paid with respect to these events:
|
|
|
All
corporate sponsored domestic events |
|
|
|
The
NSE Global Convention |
|
|
|
Independent
distributor events. |
A $10,000 bonus will be paid to the
extent the founding executive participates and speaks at the following events:
|
|
|
All
corporate sponsored conventions held outside of the United States (other than the NSE
Global Convention) to which the executive is invited to speak. |
|
|
|
All
corporate sponsored event held outside of the United States other than (other than those
events included as part of base salary as set forth above) |
One bonus fee will be paid per
international convention or event no matter how many different activities or functions
are held at such location or how many different days the executive speaks or
participates. For example, if an executive is asked to speak at multiple events at the
same convention or at distributor events that are related or connected to the corporate
sponsored international convention or event, these shall all be considered to be part of
the same international event rather than separate events.
Standard fees for non-management directors
STANDARD
FEES FOR NON-MANAGEMENT DIRECTORS
(Effective Year 2007)
Annual Retainer: |
|
35,000 |
| |
Additional Committee Chairperson Retainers | |
| |
|
Audit Committee: |
$15,000 |
| |
|
Compensation Committee: |
$10,000 |
| |
|
Nominating/Corporate Governance: |
$10,000 |
| |
|
Lead Independent Director: |
$10,000 |
| |
Meeting Fee**: |
|
$1,500 ($2,500 for the Chairperson) |
| |
Restricted Stock Unit Award: |
|
1,400 shares vesting on the date preceeding the next annual meeting of shareholders |
| |
Annual Stock Option Grant: |
|
|
| |
|
|
Number of Underlying Shares: |
5,000 share |
| |
|
|
Exercise Price: |
FMV on Annual Meeting Date |
| |
|
|
Term: |
10 years |
| |
|
|
Vesting: |
Date preceding the next annual meeting of shareholders |
| |
|
|
Termination: |
Three years from termination of service as a director |
** |
|
Applies
to all Board meetings and all meetings of any committee established by the Board unless
the Board authorizes a different fee structure for such committee. |
Exhibit 21.1 to NSE 2006 Form 10-K
EXHIBIT 21.1
SUBSIDIARIES OF
REGISTRANT
Big Planet, Inc., a
Delaware corporation
First Harvest International, LLC, a
Utah limited liability company
Jixi Nu Skin Vitameal
Co., Ltd., a Chinese corporation
Niksun Acquisition
Corporation, a Delaware corporation
NSE Korea Ltd., a
Delaware corporation
NSE Korea, Ltd., a Korean
corporation
NSE Products, Inc., a
Delaware corporation
Nu Family Benefits
Insurance Brokerage, Inc., a Utah corporation
Nu Skin Argentina, Inc., a Utah
corporation with an Argentine branch
Nu Skin Asia Investment,
Inc., a Delaware corporation
Nu Skin Belgium, NV, a
Belgium corporation
Nu Skin Brazil, Ltda., a
Brazilian corporation
Nu Skin Canada, Inc., a
Utah corporation
Nu Skin Chile, S.A., a
Chilean corporation
Nu Skin (China) Daily-Use and Health
Products Co., Ltd., Chinese company
Nu Skin Enterprises
Australia, Inc., a Utah corporation
Nu Skin Enterprises Hong
Kong, Inc., a Delaware corporation
Nu Skin Enterprises
Hungary Trading, KFT, a Hungarian corporation
Nu Skin Enterprises New
Zealand, Inc., a Utah corporation
Nu Skin Enterprises
Poland Sp. z.o.o., a Polish corporation
Nu Skin Enterprises RS, Ltd., a
Russian limited liability company
Nu Skin Enterprises
Singapore Pte. Ltd., a Singapore corporation
Nu Skin France, SARL, a
French corporation
Nu Skin Germany, GmbH, a
German corporation
Nu Skin Guatemala, S.A., a
Guatemalan corporation
Nu Skin International
Management Group, Inc., a Utah corporation
Nu Skin International,
Inc., a Utah Corporation
Nu Skin Israel, Inc, a Delaware
corporation
Nu Skin Italy, Srl, an
Italian corporation
Nu Skin Japan Company
Limited, a Japanese corporation
Nu Skin Japan, Ltd., a
Japanese corporation
Nu Skin Malaysia Holdings
Sdn. Bhd., a Malaysian corporation
Nu Skin (Malaysia) Sdn.
Bhd., a Malaysian corporation
Nu Skin Mexico, S.A. de C.V., a
Mexican corporation
Nu Skin Netherlands,
B.V., a Netherlands corporation
Nu Skin New Caledonia
EURL, a New Caledonian corporation
Nu Skin Norway AS, a
Norwegian corporation
Nu Skin Enterprises
(Thailand), Ltd., a Delaware corporation
Nu Skin Enterprises (Thailand),
Ltd., a Thailand corporation
Nu Skin Enterprises Philippines,
Inc., a Delaware corporation with a Philippines branch
Nu Skin Poland Sp.
z.o.o., a Polish corporation
Nu Skin Scandinavia A.S.,
a Denmark corporation
Nu Skin (Shanghai)
Management Co., Ltd., a Chinese corporation
Nu Skin Spain, S.L., a
Spain corporation
Nu Skin Taiwan, Inc., a
Utah corporation
Nu Skin U.K., Ltd., a
United Kingdom corporation
Nu Skin Enterprises
United States, Inc., a Delaware corporation
NuSkin Pharmanex (B) Sdn
Bhd, a Brunei corporation
Nutriscan, Inc., a Utah
corporation
Pharmanex
Electronic-Optical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., a Chinese corporation
Pharmanex (Huzhou) Health
Products Co., Ltd., a Chinese corporation
Pharmanex License
Acquisition Corporation, a Utah Corporation
Pharmanex, LLC, a Delaware limited
liability company
PT.
Nu Skin Distribution Indonesia, an Indonesian corporation
PT.
Nusa Selaras Indonesia, an Indonesian corporation
Exhibit 23.1 to 2006 NSE Form 10-K Consent of Accounting Firm
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the
incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (Nos. 333-118495,
and 333-123469) and in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-48611, 333-68407,
333-95033, 333-102327, 333-124764, 333-130304, and 333-136464) of Nu Skin Enterprises,
Inc. of our report dated March 1, 2007 relating to the financial statements,
managements assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial
reporting and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which
appears in this Form 10-K.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Salt Lake City, UT
March 1, 2007
Exhibit 31.1 10-K 2006 NSE
EXHIBIT 31.1
SECTION
302 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
I,
M. Truman Hunt, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information
included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and
for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrants other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for
establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial
reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the
registrant and have:
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure
controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that
material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated
subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly
during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal
control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants disclosure controls and
procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness
of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered
by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrants internal control
over financial reporting that occurred during the registrants most recent
fiscal quarter (the registrants fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an
annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to
materially affect, the registrants internal control over financial
reporting; and
5.
The registrants other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on
our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrants auditors and the audit committee of the registrants
board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation
of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to
adversely affect the registrants ability to record, process, summarize and
report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees
who have a significant role in the registrants internal control over
financial reporting.
Date: March 1, 2007 |
|
/s/ M. Truman Hunt
M. Truman Hunt
Chief Executive Officer |
Exhibit 31-2 10-K 2006 NSE
EXHIBIT 31.2
SECTION
302 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
I,
Ritch N. Wood, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information
included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and
for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrants other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for
establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial
reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the
registrant and have:
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure
controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that
material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated
subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly
during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal
control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants disclosure controls and
procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness
of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered
by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrants internal control
over financial reporting that occurred during the registrants most recent
fiscal quarter (the registrants fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an
annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to
materially affect, the registrants internal control over financial
reporting; and
5.
The registrants other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on
our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrants auditors and the audit committee of the registrants
board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation
of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to
adversely affect the registrants ability to record, process, summarize and
report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees
who have a significant role in the registrants internal control over
financial reporting.
Date: March 1, 2007 |
|
/s/ Ritch N. Wood
Ritch N. Wood
Chief Financial Officer |
Exhibit 32.1 10-K 2006 NSE
EXHIBIT 32.1
SECTION 1350
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT
TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION
906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY
ACT OF 2002
In
connection with the annual report of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. (the
Company) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2005, as filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report),
I, M. Truman Hunt, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C.
§ 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to
the best of my knowledge:
1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material
respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: March 1, 2007
/s/ M. Truman Hunt
M. Truman
Hunt
Chief Executive Officer
Exhibit 32.2 10-K 2006 NSE
EXHIBIT 32.2
SECTION 1350
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT
TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TOSECTION
906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY
ACT OF 2002
In
connection with the annual report of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. (the
Company) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2005, as filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report),
I, Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C.
§ 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to
the best of my knowledge:
1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material
respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: March 1, 2007
/s/ Ritch N. Wood
Ritch N. Wood
Chief Financial Officer