k10-2009nse.htm
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
FORM
10-K
(Mark
One)
þ
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ANNUAL
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
2009
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¨
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TRANSITION
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934.
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Commission
file number: 001-12421
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NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
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(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware
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87-0565309
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(State
or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
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75
WEST CENTER STREET
PROVO
UT 84601
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(IRS
Employer Identification No.)
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(Address
of principal executive offices, including zip code)
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Registrant’s telephone number,
including area code: (801) 345-1000
Securities registered pursuant to
Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
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Name of exchange on which
registered
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Class
A common stock, $.001 par value
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New
York Stock Exchange
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Securities registered pursuant to
Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the
registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the
Securities Act. Yes þ
No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the
registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section
15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the
Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or
for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports),
and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90
days. Yes þ No
¨
Indicate by check mark whether the
Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if
any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to
Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12
months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit
and post such files). Yes ¨ No
¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of
delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K(§229.405 of this
chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the
Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the
Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated
filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large
accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule
12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large
accelerated filer þ
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Accelerated filer
¨
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Non-accelerated
filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller
reporting company)
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Smaller Reporting
Company ¨
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Indicate by check mark whether the
Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the
Act). Yes ¨ No þ
Based on the closing sales price of the
Class A common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2009, the
aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
Registrant was approximately $753.0 million. All executive officers
and directors of the Registrant, and all stockholders holding more than 10% of
the Registrant’s outstanding voting stock, other than institutional investors,
such as registered investment companies, eligible to file beneficial ownership
reports on Schedule 13G, have been deemed, solely for the purpose of the
foregoing calculation, to be “affiliates” of the Registrant.
As of February 12, 2010, 62,396,343
shares of the Registrant’s Class A common stock, $.001 par value per share, and
no shares of the Registrant’s Class B common stock, $.001 par value per share,
were outstanding.
Documents incorporated by
reference. Portions of the Registrant’s definitive Proxy
Statement for the Registrant’s 2010 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the
Registrant’s fiscal year end are incorporated by reference in Part III of this
report.
PART
I
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ITEM
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ITEM
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ITEM
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PART
II
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ITEM
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ITEM
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ITEM
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ITEM
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ITEM
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ITEM
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PART
III
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ITEM
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ITEM
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ITEM
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ITEM
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ITEM
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PART
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ITEM
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FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS
THIS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K, IN
PARTICULAR “ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION,” AND “ITEM 1. BUSINESS,” INCLUDE
“FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS” WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 21E OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED. THESE STATEMENTS REPRESENT OUR
EXPECTATIONS OR BELIEFS CONCERNING, AMONG OTHER THINGS, FUTURE REVENUE,
EARNINGS, GROWTH STRATEGIES, NEW PRODUCTS AND INITIATIVES, FUTURE OPERATIONS AND
OPERATING RESULTS, AND FUTURE BUSINESS AND MARKET OPPORTUNITIES. WE
UNDERTAKE NO OBLIGATION TO PUBLICLY UPDATE OR REVISE ANY FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENT, WHETHER AS A RESULT OF NEW INFORMATION, FUTURE EVENTS OR OTHERWISE,
EXCEPT AS REQUIRED BY LAW. WE WISH TO CAUTION AND ADVISE READERS THAT
THESE STATEMENTS INVOLVE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES THAT COULD CAUSE ACTUAL RESULTS
TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THE EXPECTATIONS AND BELIEFS CONTAINED
HEREIN. FOR A SUMMARY OF CERTAIN RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS, SEE
“ITEM 1A – RISK FACTORS” BEGINNING ON PAGE 22.
In
this Annual Report on Form 10-K, references to “dollars” and “$” are to United
States dollars.
Nu
Skin, Pharmanex and AgeLOC are our trademarks. The italicized product
names used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are product names and also, in
certain cases, our trademarks.
All
references to our “distributors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include our
independent distributors and preferred customers, and our sales employees and
contractual sales promoters in China. All references to “executive distributors”
include our independent distributors and China sales employees who have
completed certain qualification requirements.
PART
I
We are a
leading, global direct selling company with operations in 50 markets
worldwide. We develop and distribute innovative, premium-quality
anti-aging personal care products and nutritional supplements under our Nu Skin
and Pharmanex brands, respectively. We strive to secure competitive
advantage in four key areas: our people, our products, the culture we promote,
and the business opportunities we offer. In 2009, our 25th year
of operations, we posted record revenue of $1.33 billion. Revenue in
2009 grew 7% based on the success of strong product innovation and distributor
initiatives.
As of
December 31, 2009, we had a global network of over
761,000 active distributors. Approximately 33,000 of our distributors
were qualified sales leaders we refer to as “executive
distributors.” Our executive distributors play a critical leadership
role in the growth and development of our business.
Approximately
84% of our 2009 revenue came from our markets outside of the United
States. While we have become more geographically diverse over the
past decade, Japan, our largest revenue market, accounted for approximately 35%
of our 2009 total revenue. Due to the size of our foreign operations,
our results are often impacted positively or negatively by foreign currency
fluctuations, particularly fluctuations in the Japanese yen. In
addition, our results are impacted by global economic, political, demographic
and business trends and conditions.
Our
business is subject to various laws and regulations globally, particularly with
respect to our product categories as well as our direct selling distribution
channel, sometimes referred to as “network marketing” or “multi-level
marketing”. Accordingly, we face certain risks, including risks
associated with potential improper activities of our distributors or any
inability to obtain necessary product registrations.
Operating
in the highly competitive direct selling, personal care and nutritional
supplement industries, our success depends on our ability to attract and retain
both distributors and consumers with our innovative products. Our
greatest competitive strengths continue to be found in our people, our products,
our culture and our opportunity.
Our
People. We distribute all of our products exclusively through
our distributors as opposed to retail stores or mail order
catalogs. Consequently, our most significant asset is our extensive
global network of distributors who enable us to rapidly introduce products and
penetrate our markets with little upfront promotional cost. Our
revenue is highly dependent upon the number and productivity of our
distributors. As of December 31, 2009, we had a global network of over
761,000 active distributors. Approximately 33,000 of our
distributors were executive distributors, who are most seriously pursuing the
direct selling opportunity and play a critical leadership role for our network
of distributors.
Our
Products. Compelling and innovative products are vital to our
success as they help attract distributors and customers. Our research
and development team, including more than 75 in-house scientists, collaborate to
create products with innovative features that deliver real results and benefits
and improve people’s lives. Our distributors use the innovative
features of our products to build successful sales organizations and attract new
customers. Our product strategy is focused on
anti-aging. As aging is best addressed both externally and
internally, we believe we are well positioned as one of the few companies that
has successfully built brand equity and balanced revenue in both skin care and
nutrition. We currently offer a wide range of anti-aging
products. Our new ageLOC based products are formulated to target both
the signs and the ultimate sources of aging. We believe our ageLOC
anti-aging platform will continue to bridge the categories of skin care and
nutrition to deliver a unique, more comprehensive approach to
anti-aging.
Our
Culture. From our inception over 25 years ago, Nu Skin
Enterprises' mission has been to improve people's lives—through our quality
products, our rewarding business opportunities and by promoting an uplifting and
enriching culture. Our mission statement encourages people to be a
“force for good” in the world around them. Our culture unites our
distributors, customers and employees in innovative humanitarian efforts, the
most significant of which are our Nourish the Children initiative that provides
our distributors the ability to donate meals to starving children, and our Force
for Good Foundation that supports many charitable causes that benefit
children. In short, we believe that people are attracted to
organizations that focus on more than just financial incentives. We
encourage our distributors and our employees to live each day with an
understanding that together we have the opportunity to make the world a better
place.
Our
Opportunity. We provide
individuals with the opportunity to essentially operate their own business, with
very little start-up cost. A distributor may build a sales organization and
customer base in any country where we conduct business. To attract
and retain the most capable sales leaders, we are committed to providing a
generous and compelling distributor compensation plan. Historically, our
distributor compensation plan has paid out to distributors approximately 42% of
commissionable sales. We believe this level
of payout is among the most generous compensation plans in direct
selling. Periodically, we refine our plan and add enhancements to
help our distributors grow their businesses. We also offer incentive
trips and recognition events for distributors that reach key levels in our
compensation plan. In addition, we have continued to expand and
promote product subscription and loyalty programs that provide incentives for
customers who commit to purchase a set amount of products on a recurring
basis.
We have
two primary product categories, each operating under its own
brand. We market our premium-quality personal care products under the
Nu Skin brand and our science-based nutritional supplements under the Pharmanex
brand.
Presented
below are the U.S. dollar amounts and associated revenue percentages from the
sale of Nu Skin, Pharmanex, and other products and services for the years ended
December 31, 2007, 2008, and 2009. This table should be read in
conjunction with the information presented in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation,” which
discusses the factors impacting revenue trends and the costs associated with
generating the aggregate revenue presented.
Revenue
by Product Category
(U.S.
dollars in millions)(1)
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Year
Ended December 31,
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Product
Category
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2007
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2008
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2009
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Nu
Skin
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$ |
498.5 |
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43.0 |
% |
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$ |
633.4 |
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50.8 |
% |
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$ |
752.7 |
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56.5 |
% |
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Pharmanex
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634.2 |
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54.8 |
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597.7 |
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47.9 |
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565.6 |
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42.5 |
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Other
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25.0 |
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2.2 |
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16.5 |
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1.3 |
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12.8 |
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1.0 |
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$ |
1,157.7 |
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100.0 |
% |
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$ |
1,247.6 |
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100.0 |
% |
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$ |
1,331.1 |
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100.0 |
% |
(1)
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In
2009, 84% of our sales were transacted in foreign currencies that were
then converted to U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes at
weighted-average exchange rates. Foreign currency fluctuations
had no material impact on reported revenue in 2009 compared to
2008. Foreign currency fluctuations negatively impacted
reported revenue by approximately 3% in 2008 compared to
2007.
|
Nu
Skin. Nu Skin is the brand of our original product line and
offers premium-quality anti-aging personal care products. Our
strategy is to leverage our network marketing distribution model to establish Nu
Skin as an innovative leader in the anti-aging personal care
market. We are committed to continuously improving and evolving our
product formulations to develop and incorporate innovative and proven
ingredients.
Our new
ageLOC anti-aging skin care products are designed to target both the signs and
the ultimate sources of aging. Research for our ageLOC platform has
identified and targeted what we call Youth Gene Clusters, functional groups of
genes that regulate how we appear to age. We incorporate this
research into ageLOC products that have been demonstrated to support and reset
Youth Gene Clusters to function in more youthful patterns of
activity. Our ageLOC products provide both corrective and
preventative benefits in preserving youth and in reducing the signs of
aging.
Another
innovative product that positively impacted our revenue growth over the past
four years is the Galvanic Spa
System. The Galvanic
Spa instrument emits a very mild electrical current. When the Galvanic Spa System is used
to apply products that carry either positively or negatively charged active
ingredients, product efficacy improves dramatically. The Galvanic Spa System is an
ideal direct selling product because our distributors can easily demonstrate its
benefits. This helps them to recruit new customers and
distributors. Our Galvanic Spa System, Galvanic Spa Gels, and
associated products accounted for approximately 19% of our total revenue and 33%
of Nu Skin revenue in 2009. In early 2010, we introduced an ageLOC Edition Galvanic Spa System II to
capitalize on enthusiasm for ageLOC generally. This newest spa is
more user-friendly and improves the amount of ingredients delivered to the
skin. We plan to launch this improved ageLOC Edition Galvanic Spa System II to our
distributor force globally in 2010.
The
following table summarizes our Nu Skin product line by category:
Category
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Description
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Selected
Products
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Core
Systems
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Regardless
of skin type, our core systems provide a solid foundation for our
customers’ individual skin care needs. Our systems are
developed to target specific skin concerns and are made from ingredients
scientifically proven to provide visible results for concerns ranging from
aging to acne.
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ageLOC
Transformation
ageLOC
Future Serum
ageLOC
Elements
Nu
Skin 180º Anti-Aging Skin Therapy System
Nu
Skin Tri-Phasic White
Nutricentials
Nu
Skin Clear Action Acne Medication System
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Targeted
Treatments
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Our customized
skin care line allows a customer to tailor product regimens that help
deliver younger looking skin at any age. The products are
developed using cutting-edge ingredient technologies that target specific
skin care needs.
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ageLOC
Edition Galvanic Spa System II
Galvanic
Spa Gels with ageLOC
Tru
Face Essence Ultra
Tru
Face Line Corrector
Enhancer
Skin Conditioning Gel
Celltrex
Ultra Recovery Fluid
Celltrex
CoQ10 Complete
NAPCA
Moisturizer
Polishing
Peel Skin Refinisher
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Total
Care
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Our
total care line addresses body, hair and oral care. The total
care line can be used by families and the products are designed to deliver
superior benefits from head to toe for the ultimate sense of total body
wellness.
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Body
Bar
Liquid
Body Lufra
Perennial
Intense Body Moisturizer
Dividends
Men’s Care
AP-24
Dental Care
Nu
Skin Renu Hair Mask
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Cosmetic
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The Nu
Colour cosmetic line
products are targeted to define and highlight your natural
beauty.
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Tinted
Moisturizer SPF 15
Finishing
Powder
Contouring
Lip Gloss
Defining
Effects Mascara
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Epoch
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Our Epoch line is distinguished by
utilizing traditional knowledge of indigenous cultures for skin
care. Each Epoch product is formulated with
botanical ingredients derived from renewable resources found in
nature. In addition, we contribute a percentage of our proceeds
from Epoch sales to charitable
causes.
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Baobab
Body Butter
Sole
Solution Foot Treatment
Calming
Touch Soothing Skin Cream
Glacial
Marine Mud
IceDancer
Invigorating Leg Gel
Everglide
Foaming Shave Gel
Ava
puhi moni Shampoo
Epoch
Baby Hibiscus Hair & Body Wash
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Pharmanex. We
market a variety of anti-aging nutritional products under our Pharmanex
brand. Direct selling has proven to be an extremely effective method
of marketing our high-quality nutritional supplements because our distributors
can personally educate consumers on the quality and benefits of our products,
differentiating them from our competitors’ offerings. LifePak, our flagship line of
micronutrient supplements, accounted for 18% of our total revenue and 43% of
Pharmanex revenue in 2009.
Our
strategy for our nutritional supplement business is to continue to introduce
innovative, substantiated anti-aging products based on extensive research and
development and quality manufacturing. In addition, we provide tools
such as our technologically advanced Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner
to measure and demonstrate the positive impact of our key nutritional
products. In 2010, we plan to introduce our first ageLOC nutritional
products designed to address the internal sources of aging. We
believe the addition of ageLOC nutritional products will continue to bridge the
two key anti-aging categories of skin care and nutrition to deliver a unique,
more comprehensive approach to anti-aging.
The
following table summarizes our Pharmanex product line by category:
Category
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Description
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Selected
Products
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Nutritionals
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Pharmanex
nutritional products supply a broad spectrum of micronutrients that our
bodies need as a foundation for a lifetime of optimal
health. Our LifePak family of
products along with our g3 superfruit juice are
the top-selling products in our nutritionals line.
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LifePak family of
products
g3
juice
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Solutions
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Our
targeted solutions supplements contain standardized levels of botanical
and other active ingredients that are formulated for consumers to meet the
demands of everyday life.
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Tegreen
97
ReishiMax
GLp
MarineOmega
Cholestin
CordyMax
Cs-4
Cortitrol
Detox
Formula
Eye
Formula
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Weight
Management
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Our
weight management products include supplements as well as meal replacement
shakes.
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The Right Approach (TRA)
weight management system
MyVictory! weight
management program
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Vitameal
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A
highly nutritious meal that can be purchased and donated through our
Nourish the Children initiative to feed starving children or purchased for
personal food storage.
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Vitameal
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Other. We
also offer a limited number of other products and services, including digital
content storage, water purifiers and other household products. We
also have integrated technology into other areas of our business and offer
advanced tools and services that help distributors establish an online presence
and manage their business. These “other” categories of products
represented only a small percentage of our revenue in 2009 and will not likely
be an area of focus in the next few years.
Nu
Skin. In order to maintain high product quality, we acquire
our ingredients and contract production of our proprietary products from
suppliers and manufacturers that we believe are reliable, reputable and deliver
high quality materials and service. Our ageLOC Edition Galvanic Spa System
II is procured from a single vendor who owns certain patent rights
associated with such product. We believe our agreements with this
vendor are sufficiently long-term and exclusive. However, to continue
offering this product category following any termination of our relationship
with this vendor, we would need to develop a new galvanic unit and source it
from another supplier. We also acquire ingredients and products from
one other supplier that currently manufactures products representing
approximately 30% of our Nu Skin personal care revenue in 2009. We
maintain a good relationship with our suppliers and do not anticipate that
either party will terminate the relationship in the near term. We
also have ongoing relationships with secondary and tertiary
suppliers. Please refer to “Item 1A - Risk Factors” for
a discussion of risks and uncertainties associated with our supplier
relationships and with the sourcing of raw materials and
ingredients.
We also
established a production facility in Shanghai, where we currently manufacture
our personal care products sold in China, as well as a small portion of product
exported to select other markets. We believe that if the need arose, this plant
could be expanded or other facilities could be built in China to produce larger
amounts of inventory for export or as a back up to our existing supply
chain.
Pharmanex. Substantially
all of our Pharmanex nutritional supplements and ingredients, including LifePak,
are produced or provided by third-party suppliers and
manufacturers. We rely on two partners for the majority of our
Pharmanex products, one of which supplies products that represent approximately
35% of our nutritional supplement revenue while the other supplier manufactures
products that represent approximately 20% of our nutritional supplement revenue
in 2009. In the event we become unable to source any products or
ingredients from these suppliers or from other current vendors, we believe that
we would be able to produce or replace those products or substitute ingredients
without great difficulty or significant increases to our cost of goods
sold. Please refer to “Item 1A. – Risk Factors”
for a discussion of certain risks and uncertainties associated with our
supplier relationships, as well as with the sourcing of raw materials and
ingredients.
We also
maintain a facility in Zhejiang Province, China, where we produce some of our
Pharmanex nutritional supplements for sale in China and herbal extracts used to
produce Tegreen 97,
ReishiMax GLp and other
products sold globally.
We
continually invest in our research and development capabilities. Our
research and development expenditures were $10.0 million, $9.6 million
and $10.4 million in 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. These amounts
do not include salary and overhead expenses for our internal research and
development activities. Because of our commitment to product
innovation, we plan to continue to commit resources to research and development
in the future. As we invest in our ageLOC platform of products, we
expect an increase in our research and development expenditures over the next
couple of years.
The Nu
Skin Center for Anti-Aging Research, our primary research and testing laboratory
located adjacent to our office complex in Provo, Utah, houses both Pharmanex and
Nu Skin research facilities and professional and technical
personnel. We are currently in the preliminary planning phase of
building a state-of-the-art innovation center adjacent to our corporate
headquarters, a portion of which will be dedicated to research and
development. We believe this facility will cost approximately $40 million
and will take roughly two years to complete. We also maintain
research facilities in China. Much of our Pharmanex research is
conducted in China, where we benefit from a well-educated, low-cost, scientific
labor pool that enables us to conduct research at a much lower cost than would
be possible in the United States.
We have
joint research projects with numerous independent scientists, including
scientific advisory boards comprised of recognized authorities in related
disciplines for each of our nutritional and personal care product categories. We
also fund and collaborate on basic research projects with researchers from
prominent universities and research institutions in the United States, Europe
and Asia, whose staffs include scientists with basic research expertise in
natural product chemistry, biochemistry, dermatology, pharmacology and clinical
studies.
In
addition, we evaluate a significant number of product ideas for our Nu Skin and
Pharmanex categories presented by outside sources. We utilize
strategic licensing and other relationships with vendors for access to directed
research and development work for innovative and proprietary
offerings.
Our major
trademarks are registered in the United States and in each country where we
operate or have plans to operate, and we consider trademark protection to be
very important to our business. Our major trademarks include Nu
Skin®, our fountain logos, Pharmanex®, ageLOC™, LifePak® and Galvanic
Spa®. In addition, a number of our products, including the ageLOC Edition Galvanic Spa System
II and Pharmanex
BioPhotonic Scanner, are based on proprietary technologies and
formulations, some of which are patented or licensed from third
parties. We also rely on trade secret protection to protect our
proprietary formulas and other proprietary information.
We
currently sell and distribute our products in 50 markets. We have
segregated our markets into five geographic regions: North Asia,
Americas, Greater China, Europe, and South Asia/Pacific. The
following table sets forth the revenue for each of the geographic regions for
the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009:
|
|
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|
(U.S.
dollars in millions)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
North
Asia
|
|
$ |
585.8 |
|
|
|
50 |
% |
|
$ |
594.5 |
|
|
|
48 |
% |
|
$ |
606.1 |
|
|
|
45 |
% |
Americas
|
|
|
188.3 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
223.9 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
260.9 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
Greater
China
|
|
|
205.0 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
210.0 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
210.4 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
Europe
|
|
|
77.2 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
111.6 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
133.6 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
South
Asia/Pacific
|
|
|
101.4 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
107.6 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
120.1 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
$ |
1,157.7 |
|
|
|
100 |
% |
|
$ |
1,247.6 |
|
|
|
100 |
% |
|
$ |
1,331.1 |
|
|
|
100 |
% |
Additional
comparative revenue and related financial information is presented in the tables
captioned “Segment
Information” in Note 17 to our Consolidated Financial
Statements. The information from these tables is incorporated by
reference in this Report.
North
Asia. The following
table provides information on each of the markets in the North Asia region,
including the year it opened, 2009 revenue, and the percentage of our total 2009
revenue for each market:
(U.S.
dollars in millions)
|
Year
Opened
|
2009
Revenue
|
Percentage
of
2009
Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japan
|
1993
|
$ |
461.9 |
|
35% |
|
South
Korea
|
1996
|
$ |
144.2 |
|
11% |
|
Japan is
our largest market and accounted for approximately 35% of total revenue in 2009.
We market most of our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products in Japan, along with a
limited number of other offerings. In addition, all product
categories offer a limited number of locally developed products sold exclusively
in our Japanese market. In December 2009, we introduced our ageLOC Future
Serum. In 2010, we plan to introduce the ageLOC Transformation skin
care system and ageLOC products designed to address the internal sources of
aging.
The
direct selling environment in Japan continues to be difficult as the industry
has been on the decline for several years and regulatory and media scrutiny have
increased. Please refer to “Government Regulation”
and “Item 1A. – Risk
Factors” for a discussion of risks and uncertainties associated with
challenges in the Japan market.
In South
Korea, we offer most of our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products, along with a limited
number of other offerings. In 2010, we plan to introduce the ageLOC Transformation skin
care system.
Americas. The following
table provides information on each of the markets in the Americas region,
including the year opened, 2009 revenue, and the percentage of our total 2009
revenue for each market:
(U.S.
dollars in millions)
|
Year
Opened
|
2009
Revenue
|
Percentage
of
2009
Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United
States
|
1984
|
$ |
218.6 |
|
16% |
|
Canada
|
1990
|
$ |
23.5 |
|
2% |
|
Latin
America(1)
|
1994
|
$ |
18.8 |
|
1% |
|
(1)
|
Latin
America includes Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Mexico and Venezuela.
|
Substantially
all of our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products, as well as limited other products and
services, are available for sale in the United States. In 2009, we
introduced the ageLOC
Transformation skin care system. In 2010, we plan to begin
introducing ageLOC products designed to address the internal sources of
aging. In 2009, we opened operations in Colombia.
Greater
China. The following table provides information on each of the
markets in the Greater China region, including the year opened, 2009 revenue,
and the percentage of our total 2009 revenue for each market:
(U.S.
dollars in millions)
|
Year
Opened
|
2009
Revenue
|
Percentage
of
2009
Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taiwan
|
1992
|
$ |
91.7 |
|
7% |
|
China
|
2003
|
$ |
71.1 |
|
5% |
|
Hong
Kong
|
1991
|
$ |
47.6 |
|
4% |
|
Our Hong
Kong and Taiwan markets operate using our global direct selling business model
and global compensation plan. We offer a robust product offering of
the majority of our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products and limited other products
and services in Hong Kong and Taiwan, although one of our flagship Nu Skin
products, the Galvanic Spa
System II is not approved for sale in Taiwan. Approximately half of our
revenue in these markets comes from orders through our monthly product
subscription program, which has led to improved retention of customers and
distributors and has helped streamline the ordering process.
In China,
we sell many of our Nu Skin products and a locally produced value line of
personal care products under the Scion brand
name. We also sell a select number of Pharmanex products, including
our number one nutritional product, LifePak.
We
currently are unable to fully operate under our global direct selling business
model in China as a result of regulatory restrictions on direct selling
activities in this market. Consequently, we have developed a retail
sales model that utilizes an employed sales force and contractual sales
promoters to sell products through fixed locations that we are supplementing
with a single level direct sales opportunity in those locations where we have
obtained a direct sales license. We rely on our sales force to market
and sell products at the various retail locations supported by only minimal
advertising and traditional promotional efforts. Our retail model in
China is largely based upon our ability to attract customers to our retail
stores through our sales force, to educate them about our products through
frequent training meetings, and to obtain repeat purchases.
We also continue to implement a direct
sales opportunity that allows us to engage independent direct sellers who can
sell products away from our retail stores. We have received licenses
and approvals to engage in direct selling activities in the municipalities of
Shanghai, Beijing and in five cities in the Guangdong province, and we continue
to work to obtain the necessary approvals in other locations in
China. The direct selling licenses allow us to engage an entry-level,
non-employee sales force that can sell products away from fixed retail
locations. Our current direct sales model is structured in a manner
that we believe is complementary to our existing retail sales
model.
Europe. The following
table provides information on our Europe region, including the year opened,
revenue for 2009, and the percentage of our total 2009 revenue for the
region.
(U.S.
dollars in millions)
|
Year
Opened
|
2009
Revenue
|
Percentage
of
2008
Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe
region(1)
|
1995
|
$ |
133.6 |
|
10% |
|
(1)
|
Europe
includes Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Iceland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South
Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
|
We
currently operate and offer a full range of Nu Skin and Pharmanex products in 26
countries throughout Northern, Eastern, and Central Europe as well as in Israel
and South Africa. In 2010, we plan to introduce the ageLOC Transformation skin
care system and ageLOC products designed to address the internal sources of
aging in this region. Various products
and distributor tools have contributed to Europe’s recent success, including the
Galvanic Spa System II,
the Pharmanex BioPhotonic
Scanner, and g3. We have been
experiencing strong growth in Central and Eastern European
markets. In 2009, we opened operations in Turkey.
South
Asia/Pacific. The following table provides information on each
of the markets in the South Asia/Pacific region, including the year opened, 2009
revenue, and the percentage of our total 2009 revenue for each
market:
(U.S.
dollars in millions)
|
Year
Opened
|
2009
Revenue
|
Percentage
of
2009
Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Singapore/Malaysia/Brunei
|
2000/2001/2004
|
$ |
49.2 |
|
4% |
|
Thailand
|
1997
|
$ |
38.8 |
|
3% |
|
Australia/New
Zealand
|
1993
|
$ |
14.2 |
|
1% |
|
Indonesia
|
2005
|
$ |
10.7 |
|
1% |
|
Philippines
|
1998
|
$ |
7.2 |
|
1% |
|
We offer a majority of our Pharmanex
and Nu Skin products in the South Asia/Pacific region. In 2010, we
plan to introduce the ageLOC
Transformation skin care system and ageLOC products designed to address
the internal sources of aging in this region. Marketing
initiatives in South Asia/Pacific have centered on monthly product subscription
orders and the Galvanic Spa
System II.
Overview. The foundation of
our sales philosophy and distribution system is network marketing. We
sell our products through distributors who are not employees, except in China
where we sell our products through employed retail sales representatives,
contractual sales promoters and independent direct sellers. Our
distributors generally purchase products from us for resale to consumers and for
personal consumption. We also sell products directly to preferred
customers at discounted monthly subscription prices.
Network
marketing is an effective vehicle to distribute our products
because:
|
•
|
distributors
can educate consumers about our products in person, which we believe is
more effective for premium-quality, differentiated products than using
traditional advertising;
|
|
•
|
direct
sales allow for actual product demonstrations and testing by potential
customers;
|
|
•
|
there
is greater opportunity for distributor and customer testimonials;
and
|
|
•
|
as
compared to other distribution methods, our distributors can provide
customers higher levels of service and encourage repeat
purchases.
|
“Active
distributors” under our global compensation plan are defined as those
distributors who have purchased products for resale or personal consumption
during the previous three months. In addition, we have implemented
“preferred customer” programs in many of our markets, which allow customers to
purchase products directly from us, generally on a recurring monthly product
subscription basis. We include preferred customers who have purchased
products during the previous three months in our “active distributor”
numbers. While preferred customers are legally very different from
distributors, both are considered customers of our products.
“Executive
distributors” under our global compensation plan must achieve and maintain
specified personal and group sales volumes each month. Once an
individual becomes an executive distributor, he or she can begin to take
advantage of the benefits of commission payments on personal and group sales
volume. As a result of direct selling restrictions in China, we have
implemented a modified business model utilizing sales employees and contractual
sales promoters in our retail stores in addition to independent direct
sellers. (See the discussion on China in “Geographic Sales
Regions.”)
Our
revenue is highly dependent upon the number and productivity of our
distributors. Growth in sales volume requires an increase in the
productivity and/or growth in the total number of distributors. As of
December 31, 2009, we had a global network of over
761,000 active distributors. Approximately 33,000 of our distributors
were executive distributors. As of each of the dates indicated below,
we had the following number of active and executive distributors in the
referenced regions: Our number of active distributors has
historically fluctuated from year to year based on various factors, including
our business model transition in China, efforts to train and discipline
distributors in Japan and changes in promotions.
Total
Number of Active and Executive Distributors by Region
|
As
of December 31, 2007
|
|
As
of December 31, 2008
|
|
As
of December 31, 2009
|
|
Active
|
|
Executive
|
|
Active
|
|
Executive
|
|
Active
|
|
Executive
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
North
Asia
|
335,000
|
|
14,845
|
|
326,000
|
|
13,937
|
|
319,000
|
|
14,144
|
Americas
|
158,000
|
|
4,588
|
|
171,000
|
|
4,876
|
|
171,000
|
|
5,522
|
Greater
China
|
138,000
|
|
6,389
|
|
115,000
|
|
6,323
|
|
106,000
|
|
6,938
|
Europe
|
59,000
|
|
1,957
|
|
83,000
|
|
2,911
|
|
94,000
|
|
3,385
|
South
Asia/Pacific
|
65,000
|
|
2,223
|
|
66,000
|
|
2,541
|
|
71,000
|
|
2,950
|
Total
|
755,000
|
|
30,002
|
|
761,000
|
|
30,588
|
|
761,000
|
|
32,939
|
Sponsoring. We rely on our
distributors to recruit and sponsor new distributors of our
products. While we provide internet support, product samples,
brochures, magazines, and other sales and marketing materials at cost,
distributors are primarily responsible for recruiting and educating new
distributors with respect to products, our global compensation plan, and how to
build a successful distributorship.
The
sponsoring of new distributors creates multiple levels in a network marketing
structure. Individuals that a distributor sponsors are referred to as
“downline” or “sponsored” distributors. If downline distributors also
sponsor new distributors, they create additional levels in the structure, but
their downline distributors remain in the same downline network as their
original sponsoring distributor.
Sponsoring
activities are not required of distributors and we do not pay any commissions
for sponsoring new distributors. However, because of the financial
incentives provided to those who succeed in building and mentoring a distributor
network that resells and consumes products, many of our distributors attempt,
with varying degrees of effort and success, to sponsor additional
distributors. People often become distributors after using our
products as regular customers. Once a person becomes a distributor,
he or she is able to purchase products directly from us at wholesale
prices. The distributor is also entitled to sponsor other
distributors in order to build a network of distributors and product
users. A potential distributor must enter into a standard distributor
agreement, which among other things, obligates the distributor to abide by our
policies and procedures.
Global
Compensation Plan. One of our
competitive advantages is our global sales compensation plan. Under
our global compensation plan, a distributor is paid consolidated monthly
commissions in the distributor’s home country, in local currency, for the
distributor’s own product sales and for product sales in that distributor’s
downline distributor network across all geographic markets. Because
of restrictions on direct selling in China, our sales employees and contractual
sales promoters there do not participate in the global compensation plan, but
are instead compensated according to a compensation model established for that
market.
Commissions
on the sale of an individual Nu Skin or Pharmanex product can exceed 50% of the
wholesale price, except in a limited number of markets where commissions are
limited by law. The
actual commission payout percentage, however, varies depending on the number of
distributors at each payout level within our global compensation
plan. Historically, our distributor compensation plan has paid out to
distributors approximately 42% of commissionable sales. We believe that our
commission payout as a percentage of total sales is among the most generous paid
by major direct selling companies.
From time
to time, we make modifications and enhancements to our global compensation plan
to help motivate distributors. In 2008 and 2009, we successfully
launched modifications to our compensation plan worldwide designed to improve
commission payments early in the distributor lifecycle. In addition,
we evaluate a limited number of distributor requests on a monthly basis for
exceptions to the terms and conditions of the global compensation plan,
including volume requirements. While our general policy is to
discourage exceptions, we believe that the flexibility to grant exceptions is
critical in retaining distributor loyalty and dedication and we make exceptions
in limited cases as necessary.
High Level of
Distributor Incentives. Based upon
management’s knowledge of our competitors’ distributor compensation plans, we
believe our global compensation plan is among the most financially rewarding
plans offered by leading direct selling companies. There are two fundamental
ways in which our distributors can earn money:
|
•
|
through
retail markups on sales of products purchased by distributors at
wholesale; and
|
|
•
|
through
a series of commissions on product
sales.
|
Each of
our products carries a specified number of sales volume
points. Commissions are based on total personal and group sales
volume points per month. Sales volume points are generally based upon
a product’s wholesale cost, net of any point-of-sale taxes. As a
distributor’s business expands to successfully sponsoring other distributors
into the business, who in turn expand their own businesses, a distributor
receives a higher percentage of commissions. An executive’s
commissions can increase substantially as multiple downline distributors achieve
executive status. In determining commissions, the number of levels of
downline distributors included in an executive’s commissionable group increases
as the number of executive distributorships directly below the executive
increases.
Distributor
Support. We are committed
to providing high-level support services tailored to the needs of our
distributors in each market. We attempt to meet the needs and build
the loyalty of distributors by providing personalized distributor services and
by maintaining a generous product return policy. Because the majority
of our distributors are part time and have only a limited number of hours each
week to concentrate on their business, we believe that maximizing a
distributor’s efforts by providing effective distributor support has been, and
will continue to be, important to our success.
Through
training meetings, distributor conventions, web-based messages, distributor
focus groups, regular telephone conference calls, and other personal contacts
with distributors, we seek to understand and satisfy the needs of our
distributors. We provide walk-in, telephonic, and Web-based product
fulfillment and tracking services that result in user-friendly, timely product
distribution. Several of our walk-in retail centers maintain meeting
rooms, which our distributors may utilize for training and sponsoring
activities. Because of our efficient distribution system, we believe
that most of our distributors do not maintain a significant inventory of our
products.
Payments. Distributors
generally pay for products prior to shipment. Accordingly, we carry
minimal accounts receivable. Distributors typically pay for products
in cash, by wire transfer or by credit card.
Product
Returns. We believe we are
among the most consumer-protective companies in the direct selling
industry. While the regulations and our operations vary somewhat from
country to country, we generally follow a similar procedure for product
returns. For 30 days from the date of purchase, our product return
policy generally allows a retail customer to return any Nu Skin or Pharmanex
product to us directly or to the distributor through whom the product was
purchased for a full refund. After 30 days from the date of purchase,
the end user’s return privilege is at the discretion of the
distributor. Our distributors can generally return unused products
directly to us for a 90% refund for one year. Through 2009, our
experience with actual product returns averaged less than 5% of annual
revenue.
Rules Affecting
Distributors. We monitor
regulations and distributor activity in each market to ensure our distributors
comply with local laws. Our published distributor policies and
procedures establish the rules that distributors must follow in each
market. We also monitor distributor activity to maintain a level
playing field for our distributors, ensuring that some are not disadvantaged by
the activities of others. We require our distributors to present
products and business opportunities ethically and
professionally. Distributors further agree that their presentations
to customers must be consistent with, and limited to, the product claims and
representations made in our literature.
Distributors
must represent to us that their receipt of commissions is based on retail sales
and substantial personal sales efforts. We must also monitor sales
aids used by distributors such as videotapes, audiotapes, brochures and
promotional clothing to help ensure they comply with applicable laws and
regulations. Distributors may not use any form of media advertising
to promote products. Products may be promoted only by personal
contact or by literature produced or approved by the
company. Distributors may not use our trademarks or other
intellectual property without our consent.
Our
products may not be sold, and our business opportunities may not be promoted, in
traditional, non-Company owned retail environments. We have made an
exception to this rule by allowing some of our Pharmanex products to be sold in
independently owned pharmacies and drug stores meeting specified
requirements. Distributors who own or are employed by a
service-related business, such as a doctor’s office, hair salon or health club,
may make products available to regular customers as long as products are not
displayed visibly to the general public in a manner to attract the general
public into the establishment to purchase products.
In order
to qualify for commission bonuses, our distributors generally must satisfy
specific requirements including achieving at least 100 points, which is
approximately $100 in personal sales volume per month. In addition,
individual markets may have requirements specific to that country based on
regulatory factors. For example, in the United States, distributors
must also:
|
•
|
document
retail sales or customer connections to established numbers of retail
customers; and
|
|
•
|
sell
and/or consume at least 80% of personal sales
volume.
|
We
systematically review reports of alleged distributor misbehavior. If
we determine one of our distributors has violated any of our policies or
procedures, we may terminate the distributor’s rights
completely. Alternatively, we may impose sanctions, such as warnings,
probation, withdrawal or denial of an award, suspension of privileges of a
distributorship, fines and/or withholding of commissions until specified
conditions are satisfied, or other appropriate injunctive relief.
From our
inception over 25 years ago, Nu Skin Enterprises' mission has been to improve
people's lives—through our quality products, our rewarding business
opportunities and by promoting an uplifting and enriching culture. Our
mission statement encourages people to be a “force for good” in the world around
them. Our culture unites our distributors, customers and employees in
innovative humanitarian efforts, the most significant of which are our Nourish
the Children initiative that provides our distributors the ability to donate
meals to starving children, and our Force for Good Foundation that supports many
charitable causes that benefit children. In short, we believe that people
are attracted to organizations that focus on more than just financial
incentives. We encourage our distributors and our employees to live each
day with an understanding that together we have the opportunity to make the
world a better place.
Nourish the
Children. In 2002, we introduced an innovative humanitarian
initiative, Nourish the Children, which applies the power of our distribution
network to help address the problem of hunger and malnutrition. We
sell a highly nutritious meal replacement product under the brand, “VitaMeal,”
and encourage our distributors, customers and employees to purchase VitaMeal and
donate their purchase to charitable organizations that specialize in
distributing food to alleviate famine and poverty. Distributors earn
commissions on sales of Vitameal to distributors in their downline and their
customers. For every eight packages of VitaMeal purchased and donated, we donate
an additional package. Since 2002, our distributors, customers and
employees have joined together to donate more than 150 million meals to
malnourished children in various locations throughout the world.
Force for Good
Foundation. The original Force for Good campaign was
introduced in conjunction with the Nu Skin Epoch product line in 1996.
This unique brand of skin and hair care products was developed in partnership
with the world's leading ethnobotanists. A donation of 25 cents from
the sale of each Epoch
product was directed to preserve the environments, languages, lifestyles, and
traditions of indigenous people around the world. Today, the Force
for Good Foundation provides support for charitable efforts throughout the
globe, with a special emphasis on addressing the humanitarian needs of
children. Charitable projects supported by the Force for Good
Foundation, our Company, our employees, and our distributors include helping to
provide crucial heart surgeries for children in Southeast Asia and China,
supporting schools for children in need, helping farmers in Malawi be trained to
grow more crops to better support the needs of their families, and other
projects.
Direct Selling
Companies. We compete with
other direct selling organizations, some of which have a longer operating
history and higher visibility, name recognition and financial resources than we
do. The leading direct selling companies in our existing markets are
Avon and Alticor (Amway). We compete for new distributors on the
strength of our multiple business opportunities, product offerings, global
compensation plan, management, and our international operations. In
order to successfully compete in this market and attract and retain
distributors, we must maintain the attractiveness of our business opportunities
to our distributors.
Nu Skin and
Pharmanex Products. The markets for
our Nu Skin and Pharmanex products are highly competitive. Our
competitors include manufacturers and marketers of personal care and nutritional
products, pharmaceutical companies and other direct selling organizations, many
of which have longer operating histories and greater name recognition and
financial resources than we do. We compete in these markets by
emphasizing the innovation, value and premium quality of our products and the
convenience of our distribution system. We focus on delivering a
product whose value can be measured and provide our distributors with powerful
tools that allow them to demonstrate this effectiveness.
Direct Selling
Activities. Direct selling
activities are regulated by various federal, state and local governmental
agencies in the United States and foreign countries. Laws and
regulations in Japan, Korea and China are particularly restrictive and
difficult. These laws and regulations are generally intended to
prevent fraudulent or deceptive schemes, often referred to as “pyramid” schemes,
that compensate participants for recruiting additional participants irrespective
of product sales, use high-pressure recruiting methods and/or do not involve
legitimate products. The laws and regulations in our current markets
often:
|
•
|
impose
cancellation/product return, inventory buy-backs and cooling-off rights
for consumers and distributors;
|
|
•
|
require
us or our distributors to register with governmental
agencies;
|
|
•
|
impose
caps on the amount of commission we can
pay;
|
|
•
|
impose
reporting requirements; and
|
|
•
|
impose
upon us requirements, such as requiring distributors to maintain levels of
retail sales to qualify to receive commissions, to ensure that
distributors are being compensated for sales of products and not for
recruiting new distributors.
|
The laws
and regulations governing direct selling are modified from time to time, and,
like other direct selling companies, we are subject from time to time to
government investigations in our various markets related to our direct selling
activities. This can require us to make changes to our business model
and aspects of our global compensation plan in the markets impacted by such
changes and investigations.
Regulators in Japan have increased
their scrutiny of our industry. Several direct sellers in Japan have
been penalized for actions of their distributors that violated applicable
regulations, including one prominent international direct selling company that
was suspended from sponsoring activities for three months in 2008, and another
large Japanese direct selling company that was suspended from sponsoring
activities for six months in 2009. In addition, Japanese media has
reported on increased political pressure on lawmakers supporting our
industry.
We
continue to experience a high level of general inquiries regarding our company
and complaints to consumer protection centers in Japan and have taken steps to
try to resolve these issues including providing additional training to our
distributors and
restructuring our compliance group in Japan. We have seen
improvements in some prefectures, but not in others. In 2009, we
received one written and one oral warning from Consumer Centers in two
prefectures raising concerns about our distributor training and number of
general inquiries and complaints. We are implementing additional
steps to reinforce our distributor education and training in Japan to help
address these concerns. If consumer complaints escalate to a
government review or if the current level of complaints does not improve, there
is an increased likelihood that regulators could take action against us or we
could receive negative media attention, either of which could harm our
business.
As a
result of restrictions in China on direct selling activities, we have
implemented a retail store model utilizing an employed sales force and
contractual sales promoters, and we are currently integrating direct selling in
our business model in this market pursuant to applicable direct selling
regulations. The regulatory environment in China remains
complex. China’s direct selling and anti-pyramiding regulations are
restrictive and contain various limitations, including a restriction on the
ability to pay multi-level compensation to independent distributors. Our
operations in China have attracted significant regulatory and media scrutiny
since we expanded our operations there in January 2003. Regulations are subject
to discretionary interpretation by municipal and provincial level regulators as
well as local customs and practices. Interpretations of what constitutes
permissible activities by regulators can vary from province to province and can
change from time to time because of the lack of clarity in the rules regarding
direct selling activities and differences in customs and practices in each
location.
Because
of the Chinese government’s significant concerns about direct selling
activities, it scrutinizes very closely activities of direct selling companies.
At times, investigations and related actions by government regulators have
impeded our ability to conduct business in certain locations, and have resulted
in a few cases where we have paid fines. In each of these cases, we
have been allowed to recommence operations after the government’s investigation,
and no material changes to our business model were required in connection with
these fines and impediments. Please refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors” for
more information on the regulatory risks associated with our business in
China.
The regulatory environment with respect
to direct selling in China remains fluid and the process for obtaining the
necessary governmental approvals to conduct direct selling continues to
evolve. The regulations and processes in some circumstances have been
interpreted differently by different governmental
authorities. In order to expand our direct selling model into
additional provinces we currently must obtain a series of approvals from the
Departments of Commerce in such provinces, the Shanghai Department of Commerce
(our supervisory authority), as well as the Departments of Commerce in each city
and district in which we plan to operate. We also are required to
obtain the approval of the State Ministry of Commerce, which is the national
governmental authority overseeing direct selling. In addition,
regulators are acting cautiously as they monitor the roll-out of direct selling,
which has made the approval process take longer than we anticipated. Please refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors” for
more information on the risks associated with our planned expansion of direct
selling in China.
Regulation of Our
Products. Our Nu Skin and
Pharmanex products and related promotional and marketing activities are subject
to extensive governmental regulation by numerous domestic and foreign
governmental agencies and authorities, including the FDA, the FTC, the Consumer
Product Safety Commission, the Department of Agriculture, State Attorneys
General and other state regulatory agencies in the United States, and the
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan and similar government agencies
in each market in which we operate.
Our
personal care products are subject to various laws and regulations that regulate
cosmetic products and set forth regulations for determining whether a product
can be marketed as a “cosmetic” or requires further approval as an
over-the-counter (OTC) drug. In the United States, regulation of cosmetics are
under the jurisdiction of the FDA. The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
defines cosmetics by their intended use, as “articles intended to be rubbed,
poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the
human body . . . for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or
altering the appearance.” Among the products included in this
definition are skin moisturizers, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail polishes, eye
and facial makeup preparations, shampoos, permanent waves, hair colors,
toothpastes and deodorants, as well as any material intended for use as a
component of a cosmetic product. Conversely, a product will not be
considered a cosmetic, but may be considered an (OTC) drug if it is intended for
use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or
is intended to affect the structure or any function of the body. A product’s
intended use can be inferred from marketing or product claims. The
other markets in which we operate have similar regulations. In Japan,
the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare regulates the sale and distribution of
cosmetics and requires us to have an import business license and to register
each personal care product imported into Japan. In Taiwan, all
“medicated” cosmetic products require registration. In China,
personal care products are placed into one of two categories, “general” and
“drug.” Products in both categories require submission of formulas
and other information with the health authorities, and drug products require
human clinical studies. The product registration process in China for
these products can take from nine to more than 18 months. Such
regulations in any given market can limit our ability to import products and can
delay product launches as we go through the registration and approval process
for those products. The sale of cosmetic products is regulated in the
European Union under the European Union Cosmetics Directive, which requires a
uniform application for foreign companies making personal care product
sales.
Our
Pharmanex products are subject to various regulations promulgated by government
agencies in the markets in which we operate. In the United States, we
generally market our nutritional products as conventional foods or dietary
supplements. The FDA has jurisdiction over this regulatory
area. Because these products are regulated under the Dietary
Supplement and Health Education Act, we are generally not required to obtain
regulatory approval prior to introducing a product into the United States
market. None of this infringes, however, upon the FDA’s power to
remove from the market any product it determines to be unsafe or an unapproved
drug. In our foreign markets, the products are generally regulated by
similar government agencies, such as the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
in Japan, the KFDA in South Korea, and the Department of Health in
Taiwan. We typically market our Pharmanex products in international
markets as foods or health foods under applicable regulatory
regimes. In the event a product, or an ingredient in a product, is
classified as a drug or pharmaceutical product in any market, we will generally
not be able to distribute that product in that market through our distribution
channel because of strict restrictions applicable to drug and pharmaceutical
products. China has some of the most restrictive nutritional
supplement product regulations. Products marketed as “health foods” are subject
to extensive laboratory and clinical analysis by governmental authorities, and
the product registration process for these products may take two years or
more. We market both “health foods” and “general foods” in
China. Our flagship product, LifePak, is currently
marketed as a general food, as only two of the three main capsules having
received “health food” classification. Currently, “general foods” is
not an approved category for direct selling; therefore, we will only market
LifePak through our
retail stores until final “health food” classification for LifePak is obtained for the
other capsule. Additionally, there is some risk associated with the
common practice in China of marketing a product as a “general food” while
seeking “health food” classification. If government officials feel
our categorization of our products is inconsistent with product claims,
ingredients or function, this could end or limit our ability to market such
products in China in their current form.
The
markets in which we operate all have varied regulations that distinguish foods
and nutritional health supplements from “drugs” or “pharmaceutical
products.” Because of the varied regulations, some products or
ingredients that are recognized as a “food” in certain markets may be treated as
a “pharmaceutical” in other markets. In Japan, for example, if a
specified ingredient is not listed as a “food” by the Ministry of Health and
Welfare, we must either modify the product to eliminate or substitute that
ingredient, or petition the government to treat such ingredient as a
food. We experience similar issues in our other
markets. This is particularly a problem in Europe where the
regulations differ from country to country. As a result, we must
often modify the ingredients and/or the levels of ingredients in our products
for certain markets. In some circumstances, the regulations in
foreign markets may require us to obtain regulatory approval prior to
introduction of a new product or limit our uses of certain ingredients
altogether. Because of negative publicity associated with some
supplements, there has been an increased movement in the United States and other
markets to expand the regulation of dietary supplements, which could impose
additional restrictions or requirements in the future. In general,
the regulatory environment is becoming more complex with increasingly strict
regulations each year.
Effective
June 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration established regulations to
require current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) for dietary
supplements. The regulations ensure that dietary supplements are
produced in a quality manner, do not contain contaminants or impurities, and are
accurately labeled. The regulations include requirements for establishing
quality control procedures for us and our vendors and supliers, designing and
constructing manufacturing plants, and testing ingredients and finished
products. The regulations also include requirements for record
keeping and handling consumer product complaints. If dietary
supplements contain contaminants or do not contain the dietary ingredient they
are represented to contain, the FDA would consider those products to be
adulterated or misbranded. Our business is subject to additional FDA
regulations, such as those implementing an adverse event reporting system
(“AER’s”) effective December 2007, which requires us to document and track
adverse events and report serious adverse events associated with consumers’ use
of our products. Compliance with these regulations has increased and
may further increase the cost of manufacturing certain of our products as we
work with our vendors to assure they are in compliance.
Most of
our major markets also regulate advertising and product claims regarding the
efficacy of products. Accordingly, these regulations can limit our
ability to inform consumers of the full benefits of our products. For
example, in the United States, we are unable to claim that any of our
nutritional supplements will diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat or prevent
disease. In most of our foreign markets, we are not able to make any
“medicinal” claims with respect to our Pharmanex products. In the
United States, the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, however, permits
substantiated, truthful and non-misleading statements of nutritional support to
be made in labeling, such as statements describing general well-being resulting
from consumption of a dietary ingredient or the role of a nutrient or dietary
ingredient in affecting or maintaining a structure or a function of the
body. Most of the other markets in which we operate have not adopted
similar legislation and we may be subject to more restrictive limitations on the
claims we can make about our products in these markets. For example,
in Japan, our nutritional supplements are marketed as food products, which
significantly limits our ability to make any claims regarding these
products.
To date,
we have not experienced any difficulty maintaining our import
licenses. However, due to the varied regulations governing the
manufacture and sale of nutritional products in the various markets, we have
found it necessary to reformulate many of our products or develop new products
in order to comply with such local requirements. In the United
States, we are also subject to a consent decree with the FTC and various state
regulatory agencies arising out of investigations that occurred in the early
1990s of certain alleged unsubstantiated product and earnings claims made by our
distributors. The consent decree requires us to, among other things,
supplement our procedures to enforce our policies, not allow our distributors to
make earnings representations without making certain average earnings
disclosures, and not allow our distributors to make unsubstantiated product
claims. Compliance with the anti terrorism regulations of the US has
caused some delays in customs but these situations have been resolved by working
with the US customs officials and training our vendors and market staff in the
guidelines. The FTC recently approved, effective December 1, 2009,
revisions to its Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in
Advertising, or Guides, that impose disclosure of typical results and any
material connections between an endorser and the company they are endorsing.
We also
develop technologically-advanced business tools designed to help our
distributors effectively market our Nu Skin and Pharmanex
products. For example, during the last several years we have
introduced our Pharmanex
BioPhotonic Scanner in many of our markets around the world as well as
our Galvanic Spa
System. These tools are subject to the regulations of various health,
consumer protection and other governmental authorities around the
world. These regulations vary from market to market and affect
whether our business tools are required to be registered as medical devices, the
claims that can be made with respect to these tools, who can use them, and where
they can be used. We have been subject to regulatory inquiries in the
United States, Japan, and other countries with respect to the status of the
Pharmanex BioPhotonic
Scanner as a non-medical device. Any determination that
medical device clearance is required for one of our tools could require us to
expend significant time and resources in order to meet the stringent standards
imposed on medical device companies or prevent us from marketing the
product. For example, we are not able to market the Galavanic Spa System in
Taiwan or Colombia as a result of the regulatory restrictions in these
markets. We are also subject to regulatory constraints on the claims
that can be made with respect to the use of our business tools.
Other Regulatory
Issues. As a United
States entity operating through subsidiaries in foreign jurisdictions, we are
subject to foreign exchange control, transfer pricing and customs laws that
regulate the flow of funds between us and our subsidiaries and for product
purchases, management services and contractual obligations, such as the payment
of distributor commissions.
As is the
case with most companies that operate in our product categories, we receive from
time to time inquiries from government regulatory authorities regarding the
nature of our business and other issues, such as compliance with local direct
selling, transfer pricing, customs, taxation, foreign exchange control,
securities and other laws. Negative publicity resulting from
inquiries into our operations by the United States and state government agencies
in the early 1990s, stemming in part from alleged inappropriate product and
earnings claims by distributors, and in the late 1990s resulting from adverse
media attention in South Korea, harmed our business.
As of
December 31, 2009, we had approximately 3,400 full- and part-time employees
worldwide. This does not include approximately 2,600 individuals who were
employed as sales representatives in our China operations. We also
had labor contracts with approximately 2,900 potential new sales representatives
in China. None of our employees are represented by a union or other
collective bargaining group, except in China and a small number of employees in
Japan. We believe that our relationship with our employees is good,
and we do not foresee a shortage in qualified personnel necessary to operate our
business.
Our
Internet address is www.nuskinenterprises.com. We
make available free of charge on or through our Internet Website our annual
reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form
8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section
13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as reasonably
practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to,
the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The public may
read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference
Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain
information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at
1–800–SEC–0330. The SEC maintains an internet site at
http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and
other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the
SEC.
Our executive officers as of February
26, 2010, are as follows:
Name
|
|
Age
|
|
Position
|
Blake
Roney
|
|
51
|
|
Chairman
of the Board
|
Truman
Hunt
|
|
50
|
|
President
and Chief Executive Officer
|
Ritch
Wood
|
|
44
|
|
Chief
Financial Officer
|
Joe
Chang
|
|
57
|
|
Chief
Scientific Officer and Executive Vice President, Product
Development
|
Dan
Chard
|
|
45
|
|
President,
Global Sales and Operations
|
Scott
Schwerdt
|
|
52
|
|
President,
Americas, Europe and South Pacific
|
Matthew
Dorny
|
|
46
|
|
General
Counsel and Secretary
|
Ashok
Pahwa
|
|
54
|
|
Chief
Marketing Officer
|
Set forth below is the business
background of each of our executive officers.
Blake Roney founded our
company in 1984 and served as its president through 1996. Mr. Roney
currently serves as the Chairman of the Board, a position he has held since our
company became public in 1996. Mr. Roney is also a trustee of the Force for
Good Foundation, a charitable organization that was established in 1996 by Mr.
Roney and the other founders of our company to help encourage and drive the
philanthropic efforts of our company, its employees, its distributors and its
customers to enrich the lives of others. He received a B.S. degree from Brigham
Young University.
Truman Hunt has served as our
President since January 2003 and our Chief Executive Officer since May
2003. He has also served as a director of our company since May
2003. Mr. Hunt joined our company in 1994 and has served in
various positions, including Vice President and General Counsel from 1996 to
January 2003 and Executive Vice President from January 2001 until January
2003. He received a B.S. degree from Brigham Young University and a
J.D. degree from the University of Utah.
Ritch Wood has served as
our Chief Financial Officer since November 2002. Prior to this
appointment, Mr. Wood served as Vice President, Finance from July 2002 to
November 2002 and Vice President, New Market Development from June 2001 to July
2002. Mr. Wood joined our company in 1993 and has served in
various capacities. Prior to joining us, he worked for the accounting
firm of Grant Thornton LLP. Mr. Wood earned a B.S. and a Master
of Accountancy degree from Brigham Young University.
Joe Chang has served as Chief
Scientific Officer and Executive Vice President of Product Development since
February 2006. Dr. Chang served as President of our Pharmanex
division from April 2000 to February 2006. Dr. Chang served as Vice
President of Clinical Studies and Pharmacology of Pharmanex from 1997 until
April 2000. Dr. Chang has nearly 20 years of pharmaceutical
experience. He received a B.S. degree from Portsmouth University and
a Ph.D. degree from the University of London.
Daniel Chard has served as
President of Global Sales and Operations since May 2009. Prior to
serving in this position, Mr. Chard served as Executive Vice President of
Distributor Success from February 2006 to May 2009 and President of Nu Skin
Europe from April 2004 to February 2006. Mr. Chard also served
as Vice President of Marketing and Product Management of Big Planet, our
technology products and services division, from May 2003 to April 2004 and as
Senior Director of Marketing and Product Development at
Pharmanex. Prior to joining us in 1998, Mr. Chard worked in a
variety of strategic marketing positions in the consumer products
industry. Mr. Chard holds a B.A. degree in Economics from
Brigham Young University and an M.B.A. from the University of
Minnesota.
Scott Schwerdt has
served as President, Americas, Europe and South Pacific since February
2006. Mr. Schwerdt served as Regional Vice President of North
America and President of Nu Skin Enterprises United States, Inc. from May 2004
to February 2006. Mr. Schwerdt previously served as the General
Manager of our U.S. operations from May 2001 to May
2004. Mr. Schwerdt joined our company in 1988 and has held
various positions, including Vice President of North America/South Pacific
Operations and Vice President of Europe. Mr. Schwerdt received a
B.A. degree in International Relations from Brigham Young
University.
Matthew Dorny has served as
our General Counsel and Secretary since January 2003. Mr. Dorny
previously served as Assistant General Counsel from May 1998 to January
2003. Prior to joining us, Mr. Dorny was a securities and
business attorney in private practice in Salt Lake City,
Utah. Mr. Dorny received B.A., M.B.A. and J.D. degrees from the
University of Utah.
Ashok Pahwa has served as
Chief Marketing Officer since June 2008. Mr. Pahwa has over 25 years of
marketing experience in the direct selling and consumer products
industries. Prior to joining us, Mr. Pahwa was Vice President of Global
Marketing and Sales at Wall Street Institute, a global English language training
company, from February 2006 to January 2008. Mr. Pahwa served as Vice
President of New Businesses at Avon Products, Inc., a global direct seller of
personal care products, from 2003 to 2006. He also served in various
positions at Mary Kay Cosmetics, a global direct seller of personal care
products, from 1993 until 2003. He spent more than ten years with
Publicis/Bloom and Ogilvy & Mather, global advertising agencies. Mr.
Pahwa holds a bachelor’s degree in economics from the University of Delhi, a
master’s degree in management studies from the University of Bombay and a
master’s degree in business administration from Texas Tech
University.
Note Regarding
Forward-Looking Statements. Certain statements made in this
filing under the caption “Item 1- Business” are “forward-looking statements”
within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the “Exchange Act”). In addition, when used in this Report
the words or phrases “will likely result,” “expect,” “intend,” “will continue,”
“anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “believe” and similar expressions are
intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the
Exchange Act.
Forward-looking
statements include plans and objectives of management for future operations,
including plans and objectives relating to our products and future economic
performance in countries where we operate. These forward-looking
statements involve risks and uncertainties and are based on certain assumptions
that may not be realized. Actual results and outcomes may differ
materially from those discussed or anticipated. We assume no
responsibility or obligation to update these statements to reflect any
changes. The forward-looking statements and associated risks set
forth herein relate to, among other things:
|
•
|
our
plans and expectations regarding our initiatives, strategies, development
and launch of new products, and other innovation efforts;
|
|
•
|
our
expectations regarding our suppliers and our ability to replace them if
needed;
|
|
•
|
our
expectations and beliefs regarding government regulations of our
industry and our ability to comply with such
regulations;
|
|
•
|
our
expectations and beliefs regarding our distributors and our compensation
plan; and
|
|
•
|
our
beliefs regarding the availability of qualified
personnel.
|
These and other forward-looking
statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties including those
described below under “Risk Factors” and in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.”
We
face a number of substantial risks. Our business, financial condition or results
of operations could be harmed by any of these risks. The trading price of our
common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and they should be
considered in connection with the other information contained in this Annual
Report on Form 10-K. These risk factors should be read together with the other
items in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including “Item 1. Business” and “Item
7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operation.”
Difficult
economic conditions could harm our business.
Global
economic conditions continue to be challenging. Although there are
signs of economic recovery, it is not possible for us to predict the extent and
timing of any improvement in global economic conditions. Even with
continued growth in many of our markets during this period, the economic
downturn could adversely impact our business in the future by causing a decline
in demand for our products, particularly if the economic conditions are
prolonged or worsen. In addition, such economic conditions may adversely impact
access to capital for us and our suppliers, may decrease our distributors'
ability to obtain or maintain credit cards, and may otherwise adversely impact
our operations and overall financial condition.
Currency
exchange rate fluctuations could impact our financial results.
In 2009,
approximately 84% of our sales occurred in markets outside of the United States
in each market’s respective local currency. We purchase inventory primarily in
the United States in U.S. dollars. In preparing our financial statements, we
translate revenue and expenses in our markets outside the United States from
their local currencies into U.S. dollars using weighted average exchange rates.
If the U.S. dollar strengthens relative to local currencies, particularly the
Japanese yen which accounted for approximately 35% of our 2009 revenue, our
reported revenue, gross profit and net income will likely be reduced. Foreign
currency fluctuations, particularly with respect to the Japanese yen given the
amount of yen denominated debt on our balance sheet, can also result in losses
and gains resulting from translation of foreign currency denominated balances on
our balance sheet. Given the complex global political and economic dynamics that
affect exchange rate fluctuations, it is difficult to predict future
fluctuations and the effect these fluctuations may have upon future reported
results or our overall financial condition.
Because our Japanese operations
account for a significant part of our business, continued weakness in our
business operations in Japan could harm our business.
Approximately
35% of our 2009 revenue was generated in Japan. We have experienced local
currency revenue declines in Japan over the last several years and continue to
face challenges in this market. Although we have seen improving trends in Japan
over the last several quarters, these trends may not continue or may reverse.
Factors that
could impact our results in the market include:
•
|
continued
or increased levels of regulatory and media scrutiny and any regulatory
actions taken by regulators, or any adoption of more restrictive
regulations, in response to such
scrutiny;
|
•
|
significant
weakening of the Japanese yen;
|
•
|
increased
regulatory constraints with respect
to the claims we can make regarding the efficacy of products and tools,
which could limit our ability to effectively market
them;
|
•
|
risks
that the new initiatives we are implementing in Japan, which are patterned
after successful initiatives implemented in other markets, will not have
the same level of success in Japan, may not generate renewed growth or
increased productivity among our distributors, and may cost more or
require more time to implement than we have
anticipated;
|
•
|
inappropriate
activities by our distributors and any resulting regulatory actions
against us or our distributors;
|
•
|
any
weakness in the economy or consumer confidence;
and
|
•
|
increased
competitive pressures from other direct selling companies and their
distributors who actively seek to solicit our distributors to join their
businesses.
|
Regulators
in Japan have increased their scrutiny of the direct selling industry and our
business in Japan could be harmed if we are not able to successfully limit the
number of general inquires regarding our company and complaints received by
consumer protection centers.
Regulators
in Japan have increased their scrutiny of our industry. Several direct sellers
in Japan have been penalized for actions of distributors that violated
applicable regulations, including one prominent international direct selling
company that was suspended from sponsoring activities for three months in 2008,
and another large Japanese direct selling company that was suspended from
sponsoring activities for six months in 2009. In addition, Japanese media has
reported on increased political pressure on lawmakers supporting our
industry.
We
continue to experience a high level of general inquiries regarding our company
and
complaints to consumer protection centers in Japan and have taken steps to try
to resolve these issues including providing additional training to distributors
and restructuring our compliance group in Japan. We have seen
improvements in some prefectures, but not in others. In 2009, we
received one written and one oral warning from Consumer Centers in two
prefectures raising concerns about our distributor training and number of
general inquiries and complaints. We are implementing additional
steps to reinforce our distributor education and training in Japan to help
address these concerns. If consumer complaints escalate to a
government review or if the current level of complaints does not improve, there
is an increased likelihood that regulators could take action against us or we
could receive negative media attention, either of which could harm our
business. Japan is currently implementing a national organization of
consumer centers, which may increase scrutiny of our business and
industry.
If we are unable to retain our
existing distributors and recruit additional distributors, our revenue will not
increase and may even decline.
We
distribute almost all of our products through our distributors and we depend on
them to generate virtually all of our revenue. Our distributors may terminate
their services at any time, and, like most direct selling companies, we
experience high turnover among distributors from year to year. Distributors who
join to purchase our products for personal consumption or for
short-term income goals frequently only stay with us for a short time. Executive
distributors who have committed time and effort to build a sales organization
will generally stay for longer periods. Distributors have highly variable levels
of training, skills and capabilities. As a result, in order to maintain sales
and increase sales in the future, we need to continue to retain existing
distributors and recruit additional distributors. To increase our revenue, we
must increase the number of and/or the productivity of our
distributors.
We have
experienced periodic declines in both active distributors and executive
distributors in the past. The number of our active and executive distributors
may not increase and could decline again in the future. While we take many steps
to help train, motivate, and retain distributors, we cannot accurately predict
how the number and productivity of distributors may fluctuate because we rely
primarily upon our distributor leaders to recruit, train, and motivate new
distributors. Our operating results could be harmed if we and our distributor
leaders do not generate sufficient interest in our business to retain existing
distributors and attract new distributors.
The number and productivity of our
distributors could be harmed by several additional factors,
including:
▪ any adverse publicity
regarding us, our products, our distribution channel, or our
competitors;
▪ lack of interest in, or the
technical failure of, existing or new products;
|
▪
|
lack
of a sponsoring story that generates interest for potential new
distributors and effectively draws them into the
business;
|
▪ any negative public
perception of our products and their ingredients;
▪ any negative public
perception of our distributors and direct selling businesses in
general;
▪ our actions to enforce our
policies and procedures;
▪ any regulatory actions or
charges against us or others in our industry;
▪ general economic and
business conditions; and
|
▪
|
potential
saturation or maturity levels in a given country or market which could
negatively impact our ability to attract and retain distributors in such
market.
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Although
our distributors are independent contractors, improper distributor actions that
violate laws or regulations could harm our business.
Distributor
activities that violate applicable laws or regulations could result in
government or third party actions against us, which could harm our business.
Except in China, our distributors are not employees and act independently of us.
We implement strict policies and procedures to ensure our distributors will
comply with legal requirements. However, given the size of our distributor
force, we experience problems with distributors from time to time. For example,
product claims made by some of our distributors in 1990 and 1991 led to an
investigation by the FTC in the United States, which resulted in our entering
into a consent decree with the FTC. In addition, rulings by the South Korean FTC
and by judicial authorities against us and other companies in South Korea
indicate that vicarious liability may be imposed on us for the criminal activity
of our distributors. In addition, we have seen some increase in sales aids and
promotional material being produced by distributors and distributor groups in
some markets which places an increased burden on us to monitor compliance of
such materials and increases the risk of materials that violate our policies and
applicable regulations. As we expand internationally, our distributors may
attempt to anticipate which markets we will open in the future and may begin
marketing and sponsoring activities in markets where we are not qualified to
conduct business. If we are unable to address this issue, we could face fines or
other legal action.
Laws
and regulations may prohibit or severely restrict our direct sales efforts and
cause our revenue and profitability to decline, and regulators could adopt new
regulations that harm our business.
Various
government agencies throughout the world regulate direct sales practices. Laws
and regulations in Japan, Korea and China are particularly restrictive and
difficult. These laws and regulations are generally intended to prevent
fraudulent or deceptive schemes, often referred to as “pyramid” schemes, that
compensate participants for recruiting additional participants irrespective of
product sales, use high pressure recruiting methods and/or do not involve
legitimate products. The laws and regulations in our current markets
often:
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impose
order cancellations, product returns, inventory buy-backs and cooling-off
rights for consumers and
distributors;
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require
us or our distributors to register with government
agencies;
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impose
caps on the amount of commissions we can pay;
and/or
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require
us to ensure that distributors are not being compensated based upon the
recruitment of new distributors.
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Complying
with these widely varying and sometimes inconsistent rules and regulations can
be difficult and may require the devotion of significant resources on our part.
If we are unable to continue business in existing markets or commence operations
in new markets because of these laws, our revenue and profitability may decline.
In addition, countries where we currently do business could change their laws or
regulations to negatively affect or completely prohibit direct sales
efforts.
Challenges
to the form of our network marketing system or other regulatory compliance
issues could harm our business.
We may be
subject to challenges by government entities or private parties, including our
distributors, to the form of our network marketing system or elements of our
business. There has been an increase in government scrutiny of our industry in
various markets, including Japan, China, Europe, and the United Kingdom. From
time to time, we receive formal and informal inquiries from various government
regulatory authorities about our business and our compliance with local laws and
regulations. For example, we have received notice from Belgium authorities
alleging that we have violated the anti-pyramid regulations in that market. Any
regulatory or other challenges regarding us or others in our industry could harm
our business if they create adverse publicity, increase scrutiny of our
industry, detrimentally affect our efforts to recruit or motivate distributors
and attract customers, or interpret laws in a manner inconsistent with our
current business practices.
In the
early 1990s, we entered into voluntary consent agreements with the FTC and a few
state regulatory agencies relating to investigations of our distributors’
product claims and practices. These investigations centered on alleged
unsubstantiated product and earnings claims made by some of our distributors. We
believe that the negative publicity generated by this FTC action, as well as a
subsequent action in the mid-1990s related to unsubstantiated product claims,
harmed our business and results of operation in the United States. Pursuant to
the consent decrees, we agreed, among other things, to supplement our procedures
to enforce our policies, to not allow distributors to make earnings
representations without making additional disclosures relating to average
earnings and to not make, or allow our distributors to make, product claims that
were not substantiated. We have taken various actions, including implementing a
more generous inventory buy-back policy, publishing average distributor earnings
information, supplementing our procedures for enforcing our policies, and
reviewing distributor product sales aids, to address the issues raised by the
FTC and state agencies in these investigations. As a result of the previous
investigations, the FTC makes inquiries from time to time regarding our
compliance with applicable laws and regulations and our consent decree. Any
further actions by the FTC or other comparable state or federal regulatory
agencies, in the United States or abroad, could have a further negative impact
on us in the future. Because legal and regulatory requirements concerning our
industry involve a high level of subjectivity and are inherently fact-based and
subject to judicial interpretation, we can provide no assurance that we would
not be harmed by the application or interpretation of statutes or regulations
governing network marketing, particularly in any civil challenge by a current or
former distributor.
Government regulations relating to
the marketing and advertising of our products and services may restrict, inhibit
or delay our ability to sell these products and harm our
business.
Our
products and our related marketing and advertising efforts are subject to
numerous domestic and foreign government agencies’ and authorities’ laws and
extensive regulations, which govern the ingredients and products that may be
marketed without registration as a drug and the claims, that may be made
regarding such products. Many of these laws and regulations involve a high level
of subjectivity and are inherently fact-based and subject to interpretation. If
these laws and regulations restrict, inhibit or delay our ability to introduce
or market our products or limit the claims we are able to make regarding our
products, our business may be harmed. During recent years authorities’
enforcement activity and interpretation of these regulations suggest a greater
allowance for scientific-based and substantiated claims when not involving
specific drug or disease claims. As a result, as companies have
developed new and innovative products, there has been a trend towards more
aggressive claims and the inclusion of greater science regarding the marketing
of cosmetic and nutritional products. We believe in order to remain competitive
we need to have similarly compelling claims. Because there is a
degree of subjectivity in determing whether materials or statements constitute
product claims and whether they involve improper drug claims, our claims and our
interpretation of applicable regulations may be challenged, which could harm our
business. This is a particular risk with respect to our ageLOC line
of products based on our novel approach to these products and our focus on genes
and sources of aging in both our scientific explanation for support of our
products as well as our marketing claims. If regulators take a more
restrictive stance regarding such claims, alter their enforcement priorities, or
determine that any of our claims violate applicable regulations, we could be
fined or forced to modify our claims or stop selling a
product.
New
regulations governing the marketing and sale of nutritional supplements could
harm our business.
There has
been an increasing movement in the United States and other markets to increase
the regulation of dietary supplements, which could impose additional
restrictions or requirements in the future. In several of our markets, including
Europe, South Korea and Hong Kong, new regulations have been adopted or are
likely to be adopted in the near-term that could impose new requirements, make
changes in some classifications of supplements under the regulations, or limit
the levels of ingredients we can include and claims we can make. In addition,
there has been increased regulatory scrutiny of nutritional supplements and
marketing claims under existing and new regulations. In Europe for example, we
are unable to market supplements that contain ingredients that were not marketed
prior to May 1997 in Europe (“novel foods”) without going through an extensive
registration and pre-market approval process. Europe is also expected to adopt
additional regulations setting new limits on acceptable maximum levels of
vitamins and minerals. In the United States, the FTC has recently approved,
effective December 1, 2009, revisions to its Guides Concerning the Use of
Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising, or Guides, that impose disclosure
of typical results and any material connections between an endorser and the
company they are endorsing. If we or our distributors fail to comply with these
Guides the FTC could bring an enforcement action against us and we could be
fined and/or forced to alter alter our operations. Our operations also could be
harmed if new laws or regulations are enacted that restrict our ability of
companies to market or distribute nutritional supplements or impose additional
burdens or requirements on nutritional supplement companies or requires us to
reformulate our products.
If
we are found not to be in compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices our
operations could be harmed.
FDA
regulations on Good Manufacturing Practices and Adverse Event Reporting
requirements for the nutritional supplement industry have recently gone into
effect and require good manufacturing processes for us and our vendors and
reporting of serious adverse events associated with consumer use of our
products. Our operations could be harmed if regulatory authorities make
determinations that we or our vendors are not in compliance with the new
regulations. In addition, compliance with these regulations has increased and
may further increase the cost of manufacturing certain of our products as we
work with our vendors to assure they are in compliance.
Our operations in China are subject
to significant government scrutiny and may be harmed by the results of such
scrutiny.
Because
of the government’s significant concerns about direct selling activities,
government regulators in China closely scrutinize activities of direct selling
companies or activities that resemble direct selling. The regulatory environment
in China with regards to direct selling is evolving, and officials in multiple
national and local levels in the Chinese government often exercise broad
discretion in deciding how to interpret and apply applicable regulations. In the
past, the government has taken significant actions against companies that the
government found were engaging in direct selling activities in violation of
applicable law, including shutting down their businesses and imposing
substantial fines.
Our
operations in China are subject to significant regulatory scrutiny, and we have
experienced challenges in the past, including interruption of sales activities
at certain stores and fines being paid in some cases. Although we have now
obtained direct selling licenses in a limited number of provinces, government
regulators continue to scrutinize our activities and the activities of our sales
employees, contractual sales promoters and direct sellers to monitor our
compliance with applicable regulations as we integrate direct selling into our
business model. We continue to be subject to government reviews and
investigations. At times, complaints made by our sales representatives to the
government have resulted in increased scrutiny by the government. Any
determination that our operations or activities, or the activities of our sales
employees, contractual sales promoters or direct sellers, are not in compliance
with applicable regulations could result in substantial fines, extended
interruptions of business, termination of necessary licenses and permits,
including our direct selling licenses, or restrictions on our ability to open
new stores, obtain approvals for service centers or expand into new locations,
all of which could harm our business.
If direct selling regulations in
China are interpreted or enforced by government authorities in a manner that
negatively impacts our retail business model or our dual business model there,
our business in China could be harmed.
Chinese
regulators have adopted anti-pyramiding and direct selling regulations that
contain significant restrictions and limitations, including a restriction on
multi-level compensation for independent distributors selling away from a fixed
location. The regulations also impose various requirements on individuals before
they can become direct sellers, including the passage of an examination, which
are more burdensome than in our other markets and which could negatively impact
the willingness of some people to sign up to become direct sellers. There
continues to be some confusion and uncertainty as to the interpretation and
enforcement of the regulations and their scope, and the specific types of
restrictions and requirements imposed under them. Our business and our growth
prospects would be harmed if Chinese regulators interpret the anti-pyramiding
regulations or direct selling regulations in such a manner that our current
method of conducting business through the use of sales employees, contractual
sales promoters and direct sellers violates these regulations. In particular,
our business would be harmed by any determination that our current method of
compensating our sales employees and contractual sales promoters, including our
use of the sales productivity of an individual and the group of individuals whom
he or she trains and supervises in establishing salary and compensation,
violates the restriction on multi-level compensation under the rules. Our
business could also be harmed if regulators inhibit our ability to concurrently
operate our business model, which includes retail stores, sales employees,
contractual sales promoters and direct sellers.
If we are unable to obtain additional
necessary national and local government approvals in China as quickly as we
would like, our ability to expand our direct selling business and grow our
business there could be negatively impacted.
We have
completed the required national and local licensing process and commenced direct
selling activities in Beijing and Shanghai, Shenzhen City and four cities in the
Guangdong province. In order to expand our direct selling model into additional
provinces, we currently must obtain a series of approvals from district, city,
provincial and national government agencies with respect to each province in
which we wish to expand. The process for obtaining the necessary government
approvals to conduct direct selling continues to evolve. As we are being
required to work with such a large number of provincial, city, district and
national government authorities, we have found that it is taking more time than
anticipated to work through the approval process with these authorities. The
complexity of the approval process as well as the government’s continued
cautious approach as direct selling develops in China makes it difficult to
predict the timeline for obtaining these approvals. If the results of the
government’s evaluation of our direct selling activities result in further
delays in obtaining licenses elsewhere, or if the current processes for
obtaining approvals are delayed further for any reason or are changed or are
interpreted differently than currently understood, our ability to expand direct
selling in China and our growth prospects in this market, could be negatively
impacted.
Our compensation plan and business
model for our distributors in China differs from other markets could harm our
ability to grow our business in China.
The
direct selling regulations in China impose various limitations and requirements,
including a prohibition on multi-level compensation and a requirement that all
distributors pass a required examination before becoming a distributor. The
regulations also impose other restrictions on direct selling activities that
differ from the regulations in our other markets. As a result, our direct
selling compensation plan and business model for the direct sales component of
our business differs from the model we use in other markets. There can be no
assurance that these restrictions will not negatively impact our ability to
provide an attractive business opportunity to distributors in this market and
limit our ability to grow our business in this market. In addition, the
regulations do not allow the sale of general foods through a direct selling
business model. Because some of our supplements, including LifePak, are currently
marketed as general foods pending approval as health foods these products cannot
currently be approved for sale through our direct selling
channel. Failure of these products to receive health food status or
direct selling product approval in a timely manner could have a negative impact
on our direct selling business.
The
loss of suppliers or shortages in ingredients could harm our
business.
We
acquire ingredients and products from two suppliers that each currently
manufactures a significant portion of our Nu Skin personal care products. In
addition, we currently rely on two suppliers for a majority of Pharmanex
nutritional supplement products. In the event we were to lose any of these
suppliers and experience any difficulties in finding or transitioning to
alternative suppliers, this could harm our business. In addition, we obtain some
of our products from sole suppliers that own or control the product
formulations, ingredients, or other intellectual property rights associated with
such products. These products include our Galvanic Spa System II and
True Face Essence
products, two of our better selling products. We also license the right to
distribute some of our products from third parties. In the event we are unable
to renew these contracts, we may need to discontinue some products or develop
substitute products, which could harm our revenue. In addition, if we experience
supply shortages or regulatory impediments with respect to the raw materials and
ingredients we use in our products, we may need to seek alternative supplies or
suppliers. Some of our nutritional products, including g3 juice, incorporate natural
products that are only harvested once a year and may have limited supplies. If
demand exceeds forecasts, we may have difficulties in obtaining additional
supplies to meet the excess demand until the next growing season. If we are
unable to successfully respond to such issues, our business could be
harmed.
Product
diversion to certain markets, including China, may have a negative impact on our
business.
From time
to time, we see our product being sold through online or other distribution
channels in certain markets. Although the Company has taken steps to
control this activity for products sold in China, this issue continues to be a
significant challenge. Product diversion causes confusion regarding
our distribution channels and negatively impacts our distributors’ ability to
retail our products. It also creates a negative impression regarding the
viability of the business opportunity for our distributors and sales
representatives, which can harm our ability to recruit new distributors and
sales representatives. In addition, in some cases, product diversion schemes may
also involve illegal importation, investment or other activities. If we are
unable to effectively address this issue or if diversion increases, our business
could be harmed.
Intellectual
property rights are difficult to enforce in China.
Chinese
commercial law is relatively undeveloped compared to most of our other major
markets, and, as a result, we may have limited legal recourse in the event we
encounter significant difficulties with patent or trademark infringers. Limited
protection of intellectual property is available under Chinese law, and the
local manufacturing of our products may subject us to an increased risk that
unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain or use our product
formulations. As a result, we cannot assure that we will be able to adequately
protect our product formulations.
If our Galvanic Spa
System or Pharmanex
BioPhotonic Scanner are
determined to be a medical device in a particular geographic market or if our
distributors use it for medical purposes, our ability to continue to market and
distribute such tools could be harmed.
One of
our strategies is to market unique and innovative products and tools that allow
our distributors to distinguish our products, including the Galvanic Spa System and the
Pharmanex BioPhotonic
Scanner. We do not
believe these products are medical devices and do not market them to our
distributors as medical devices. In March 2003, the FDA questioned whether the
Pharmanex BioPhotonic
Scanner was a non-medical device. We subsequently filed an application
with the FDA to have it affirmatively classified as a non-medical device. The
FDA has not yet acted on our application. There are various factors that could
determine whether a product is a medical device including the claims that we or
our distributors make about it. We have faced similar uncertainties and
regulatory issues in other markets with respect to the status of the Galvanic Spa System and the
Pharmanex BioPhotonic
Scanner as non-medical
devices and the claims that can be made in using them. For example, we have
faced regulatory inquiries in Japan, Korea, Singapore and Thailand regarding
distributor claims with respect to the Pharmanex BioPhotonic
Scanner. We have received similar inquiries regarding our Galvanic Spa System in Korea,
Thailand and the United States. While we have successfully worked with
regulators to resolve these matters in the past, we may not be able to do so in
the future and our business could be negatively impacted. We are not able to
market the Galvanic Spa System
in Taiwan due to similar regulatory restrictions. There have also been
legislative proposals in Singapore and Malaysia relating to the regulation of
medical devices which could have an impact on these two products. In
an effort to allow registration of the Galvanic Spa System in
Indonesia, we are working with our vendor to obtain certification of its
facilities for medical device manufacturing. A determination in any of these
markets that the Galvanic Spa
System or the Pharmanex
BioPhotonic Scanner are medical devices
or that distributors are using them to make medical claims or perform medical
diagnoses or other activities limited to licensed professionals or approved
medical devices could negatively impact our ability to use these products in a
market. Regulatory scrutiny of a product could also dampen distributor
enthusiasm and hinder the ability of distributors to effectively utilize such
product. In the event medical device clearance is required in any market,
obtaining clearance could require us to provide documentation concerning its
manufacturing, clinical utility and to make some modifications to its design,
specifications and manufacturing process in order to meet stringent standards
imposed on medical device companies. There can be no assurance we would be able
to provide the required medical device documentation, prove clinical utility in
a manner sufficient to obtain medical device approval or make such changes
promptly or in a manner that is satisfactory to regulatory authorities. If we
obtained such medical device approval in order to sell a product in one market,
such approval may be used as precedent to a claim in another market that such
approval should likewise be required in such market.
Changes to our distributor
compensation arrangements could be viewed negatively by some distributors, could
fail to achieve desired long-term results and have a negative impact on
revenue.
Our
distributor compensation plan includes some components that differ from market
to market. We modify components of our compensation plan from time to time in an
attempt to keep our compensation plan competitive and attractive to existing and
potential distributors, to address changing market dynamics, to provide
incentives to distributors that we believe will help grow our business, to
conform to local regulations and to address other business needs. Because of the
size of our distributor force and the complexity of our compensation plans, it
is difficult to predict how such changes will be viewed by distributors and
whether such changes will achieve their desired results. For example, certain
changes we made to our compensation plan in 2005, which had been successful in
several markets, did not achieve anticipated results in Japan, China and certain
markets in Southeast Asia and negatively impacted our business. We recently
implemented compensation plan modifications in most of our markets. Although
initial results of these modifications have been generally positive, there are
risks that the compensation plan modifications will not be well received or
achieve desired long-term results and that the transition could have a negative
impact on revenue.
If we are unable to successfully
expand and grow operations within our recently opened and developing markets, we
may have difficulty achieving our long-term objectives.
A
significant percentage of our revenue growth over the past decade has been
attributable to our expansion into new markets. Our growth over the next several
years depends in part on our ability to successfully introduce products and
tools, and to successfully implement initiatives in our new and developing
markets, including China, Russia, Latin America and Eastern Europe that will
help generate growth. In addition to the regulatory difficulties we may face in
introducing our products and initiatives in these markets, we could face
difficulties in achieving acceptance of our premium-priced products in
developing markets. In the past, we have struggled to operate profitably in
developing markets, such as Latin America. This may also be the case in Eastern
Europe and the other new markets into which we have recently expanded. If we are
unable to successfully expand our operations within these new markets, our
opportunities to grow our business may be limited, and, as a result, we may not
be able to achieve our long-term objectives.
Adverse
publicity concerning our business, marketing plan or products could harm our
business and reputation.
The size
of our distribution force and the results of our operations can be particularly
impacted by adverse publicity regarding us, the nature of our distributor
network, our products or the actions of our distributors. Specifically, we are
susceptible to adverse publicity concerning:
▪ suspicions about the
legality and ethics of network marketing;
▪ the ingredients or safety of
our or our competitors' products;
▪ regulatory investigations of
us, our competitors and our respective products;
▪ the actions of our current
or former distributors; and
▪ public perceptions of direct
selling generally.
In the
past, we have experienced negative publicity that has harmed our business in
connection with regulatory investigations and inquiries. In addition, critics of
our industry and other individuals who want to pursue an agenda, have in the
past and may in the future utilize the internet, the press and other means to
publish criticisms of the industry, our company and our competitors, or make
allegations regarding our business and operations, or the business and
operations of our competitors. We or others in our industry may receive similar
negative publicity or allegations in the future, and it may harm our business
and reputation.
Any
failure of our internal controls over financial reporting or our compliance
efforts could harm our financial and operating results or result in fines or
penalties if our employees or distributors violate any material laws or
regulations.
We have
implemented internal controls to help ensure the accuracy of our financial
reporting and have implemented compliance policies and programs to help ensure
that our employees and distributors comply with applicable laws and
regulations. Our internal audit team regularly audits our internal
controls and various aspects of our business and we regularly assess the
effectiveness of our internal controls. In addition, our independent
external auditor audits our controls and provides its opinion regarding the
effectiveness of our controls. There can be no assurance, however, that
these internal or external assessments and audits will identify all significant
or material weaknesses in our internal controls. If we fail to
identify a material weakness or if we fail to correct any noted weakness, there
would be a risk that we may have to restate financial statements if the material
weakness resulted in a material misstatement in our financial
results.
From time
to time, we may initiate further investigations into our business
operations based on the results of these audits or complaints, questions, or
allegations made by employees or other parties regarding our business practices
and operations. In addition, our business and operations may be
investigated by applicable government authorities. In the event any
of these investigations identify material violations of applicable laws by our
employees or distributors, we could be subject to adverse publicity, fines,
penalties or loss of licenses or permits.
Inability
of new products and other initiatives to gain distributor and market acceptance
could harm our business.
Our
ability to retain key and executive level distributors or to sponsor new
executive distributors is critical to our success. Because our products are
distributed exclusively through our distributors and we compete with other
direct selling companies in attracting distributors, our operating results could
be adversely affected if our existing and new business opportunities and
incentives, products, business tools and other initiatives do not generate
sufficient enthusiasm and economic incentive to retain our existing distributors
or to sponsor new distributors on a sustained basis. Factors that could affect
our ability to continue to introduce new products include, among others,
government regulations, the inability to attract and retain qualified research
and development staff, the termination of third-party research and collaborative
arrangements, proprietary protections of competitors that may limit our ability
to offer comparable products and the difficulties in anticipating changes in
consumer tastes and buying preferences. In addition, in our more mature markets,
one of the challenges we face is keeping distributor leaders with established
businesses and high income levels motivated and actively engaged in business
building activities and in developing new distributor leaders. There can be no
assurance that our initiatives will continue to generate excitement among our
distributors in the long-term or that planned initiatives will be successful in
maintaining distributor activity and productivity or in motivating distributor
leaders to remain engaged in business building and developing new distributor
leaders. Some initiatives may have unanticipated negative impacts on our
distributors, particularly changes to our compensation plan. The introduction of
a new product or key initiative can also negatively impact other product lines
to the extent our distributor leaders focus their efforts on the new product or
initiative. In addition, if any of our products, such as our ageLOC products,
fail to gain distributor acceptance, we could see an increase in returns because
of our generous return policy.
The
loss of key high-level distributors could negatively impact our distributor
growth and our revenue.
As of
December 31, 2009, we had over 761,000 active
distributors. Approximately 33,000 of our distributors were executive
distributors. Approximately 455 distributors occupied the highest
distributor level under our global compensation plan as of that date. These
distributors, together with their extensive networks of downline distributors,
account for substantially all of our revenue. As a result, the loss of a
high-level distributor or a group of leading distributors in the distributor’s
network of downline distributors, whether by their own choice or through
disciplinary actions by us for violations of our policies and procedures, could
negatively impact our distributor growth and our revenue.
We
are currently involved in disputes regarding customs assessments in Japan and
any adverse rulings in these matters could require us to take charges to our
earnings.
As
previously reported, we are currently involved in litigation in Japan with the
Ministry of Finance with respect to additional customs assessments made by
Yokohama Customs for the period of October 2002 through July 2005. The aggregate
amount of those assessments is yen 2.7 billion Japanese (approximately $29.0
million as of December 31, 2009), net of any recovery of consumption taxes. We
believe that the documentation and legal analysis support our position and have
taken action in the court system in Japan to overturn these assessments. The
litigation on this matter is ongoing and we believe the court will likely decide
this matter in the next year. If we receive a decision that is unfavorable, we
may appeal the decision, however we would likely be required to take a charge to
our earnings for the amount assessed.
In July
2005, we changed our operating structure in Japan and believed that these
changes would eliminate further valuation disputes with Yokohama Customs as the
new structure eliminated the issues that were the basis of the litigation and
valuation disputes. However, in October 2009 we received notice from Yokohama
Customs that they were assessing additional duties, penalties and interest for
the period of October 2006 through November 2008 following an audit. The total
amount of such assessments is yen 1.5 billion Japanese (approximately $17.5
million as of December 31, 2009), net of any recovery of consumption taxes. The
basis for such additional assessment is different from, and unrelated to, the
issues that are being litigated in the current litigation with the Ministry of
Finance. Following our review of the assessments and after consulting with our
legal and customs advisors, we strongly believe that the additional assessments
are improper and are not supported by any legal or factual basis. We filed
letters of protest with Yokohama Customs, which were rejected. We plan to
appeal the matter to the Ministry of Finance in Japan. To the extent
that we are unsuccessful in recovering the amounts assessed and paid, we will be
required to take a corresponding charge to our earnings.
In
addition, we are currently being required to pay a higher rate of duties on all
current imports, which we are similarly disputing. Because we believe that the
higher rate being assessed is improper, we are currently planning on only
expensing the portion of the duties we believe is supported under applicable
customs law, and recording the additional payment as a receivable on our
books.
Government
authorities may question our tax positions or transfer pricing policies or
change their laws in a manner that could increase our effective tax rate or
otherwise harm our business.
As a U.S.
company doing business in international markets through subsidiaries, we are
subject to various tax and intercompany pricing laws, including those relating
to the flow of funds between our company and our subsidiaries. From time to
time, we are audited by tax regulators in the United States and in our foreign
markets. If regulators challenge our tax positions, corporate structure,
transfer pricing mechanisms or intercompany transfers, we may be subject to
fines and payment of back taxes, our effective tax rate may increase and our
operations may be harmed. Tax rates vary from country to country, and, if
regulators determine that our profits in one jurisdiction may need to be
increased, we may not be able to fully utilize all foreign tax credits that are
generated, which will increase our effective tax rate. For example, our
corporate income tax rate in the United States is 35%. If our profitability in a
higher tax jurisdiction, such as Japan where the corporate tax rate is currently
set at 45%, increases disproportionately to the rest of our business, our
effective tax rate may increase. The various customs, exchange control and
transfer pricing laws are continually changing and are subject to the
interpretation of government agencies. Despite our efforts to be aware of and
comply with such laws and changes to and interpretations thereof, there is a
risk that we may not continue to operate in compliance with such laws. We may
need to adjust our operating procedures in response to such changes, and as a
result, our business may suffer.
In
addition, due to the international nature of our business, we are subject from
time to time to reviews and audits by the foreign taxing authorities of other
jurisdictions in which we conduct business throughout the world.
We
may be held responsible for certain taxes or assessments relating to the
activities of our distributors, which could harm our financial condition and
operating results.
Our
distributors are subject to taxation, and in some instances, legislation or
governmental agencies impose an obligation on us to collect taxes, such as value
added taxes, and to maintain appropriate records. In addition, we are subject to
the risk in some jurisdictions of being responsible for social security and
similar taxes with respect to our distributors. In the event that local laws and
regulations or the interpretation of local laws and regulations change to
require us to treat our independent distributors as employees, or that our
distributors are deemed by local regulatory authorities in one or more of the
jurisdictions in which we operate to be our employees rather than independent
contractors under existing laws and interpretations, we may be held responsible
for social security and related taxes in those jurisdictions, plus any related
assessments and penalties, which could harm our financial condition and
operating results.
Production
difficulties and quality control problems could harm our business.
Production
difficulties and quality control problems and our reliance on third party
suppliers to deliver quality products in a timely manner could harm our
business. Occasionally, we have experienced production difficulties with respect
to our products, including the delivery of products that do not meet our quality
control standards. These quality problems have resulted in the past, and could
result in the future, in stock outages or shortages in our markets with respect
to such products, harming our sales and creating inventory write-offs for
unusable products. We recently experienced unprecedented demand for our limited
offering of our new ageLOC
Transformation skin care system. In addition this is the first time that
we are launching a product globally on such a condensed launch schedule, which
has added increased pressure on our supply chain. If we are not able to
accurately forecast sales levels on a market by market basis, or are unable to
produce a sufficient supply to meet such demand globally, we could have
stockouts which could negatively impact enthusiasm of our
distributors.
We
recently experienced unprecedented demand for our limited offering of our new
ageLOC Transformation
skin care system. In addition this is the first time that we are launching a
product globally on such a condensed launch schedule, which has added increased
pressure on our supply chain. If we are not able to accurately forecast sales
levels on a market by market basis, or are unable to produce a sufficient supply
to meet such demand globally, we could have stockouts which could negatively
impact enthusiasm of our distributors.
We depend on our key personnel, and
the loss of the services provided by any of our executive officers or other key
employees could harm our business and results of operations.
Our
success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our
senior management, many of whom would be difficult to replace. In addition,
expatriates serve in key management positions in several of our foreign markets,
including Japan and China. These employees may voluntarily terminate their
employment with us at any time. We may not be able to successfully retain
existing personnel or identify, hire and integrate new personnel. We do not
carry key person insurance for any of our personnel. Although we have signed
offer letters or written agreements summarizing the compensation terms for some
of our senior executives, we have generally not entered into formal employment
agreements with our executive officers. If we lose the services of our executive
officers or key employees for any reason, our business, financial condition and
results of operations could be harmed.
Our
markets are intensely competitive, and market conditions and the strengths of
competitors may harm our business.
The
markets for our products are intensely competitive. Our results of operations
may be harmed by market conditions and competition in the future. Many
competitors have much greater name recognition and financial resources than we
have, which may give them a competitive advantage. For example, our Nu Skin
products compete directly with branded, premium retail products. We also compete
with other direct selling organizations. Some of the leading direct
selling companies in our existing markets are Herbalife, Mary Kay, Oriflame,
Melaleuca, Avon and Amway. We currently do not have significant patent or other
proprietary protection, and our competitors may introduce products with the same
ingredients that we use in our products. Because of regulatory restrictions
concerning claims about the efficacy of personal care products and dietary
supplements, we may have difficulty differentiating our products from our
competitors’ products, and competing products entering the personal care and
nutritional market could harm our revenue.
We also
compete with other network marketing companies for distributors. Some of these
competitors have a longer operating history and greater visibility, name
recognition and financial resources than we do. Some of our competitors have
also adopted and could continue to adopt some of our successful business
strategies, including our global compensation plan for distributors.
Consequently, to successfully compete in this market and attract and retain
distributors, we must ensure that our business opportunities and compensation
plans are financially rewarding. We are beginning our 26th year
in this industry and believe we have significant competitive advantages, but we
cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully compete in every endeavor
in this market.
Product
liability claims could harm our business.
We may be
required to pay for losses or injuries purportedly or actually caused by our
products. Although historically we have had a very limited number and relatively
low financial exposure from product claims, we have experienced difficulty in
finding insurers that are willing to provide product liability coverage at
reasonable rates due to insurance industry trends and the rising cost of
insurance generally. As a result, we have elected to self-insure our product
liability risks for our product lines. Until we elect and are able at reasonable
rates to obtain product liability insurance, if any of our products are found to
cause any injury or damage, we will be subject to the full amount of liability
associated with any injuries or damages. This liability could be substantial and
may exceed our reserves. We cannot predict if and when product liability
insurance will be available to us on reasonable terms.
System
failures could harm our business.
Because
of our diverse geographic operations and our complex distributor compensation
plan, our business is highly dependent on efficiently functioning information
technology systems. These systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or
interruption from fires, earthquakes, telecommunications failures and other
events. They are also subject to break-ins, sabotage, intentional acts of
vandalism and similar misconduct. We have adopted and implemented a Business
Continuity/Disaster Recovery Plan. Our primary data sets are archived and stored
at third-party secure sites, and we are currently setting up a recovery site for
certain critical data and operations. Despite any precautions, the occurrence of
a natural disaster or other unanticipated problems could result in interruptions
in services and reduce our revenue and profits.
Epidemics and other global health
risks could negatively impact our business.
Our
revenue was negatively impacted in 2003 by the SARS epidemic that hit Asia
during that year. More recently, the H1N1 flu has been identified as a potential
global health risk. It is difficult to predict the impact on our business, if
any, of a recurrence of SARS, or the emergence of new epidemics, such as avian
flu or H1N1 flu. Although such events could generate increased sales of health
and immune supplements and certain personal care products, our direct selling
and retail activities and results of operations could be harmed if the fear of
any communicable and rapidly spreading disease results in travel restrictions or
causes people to avoid group meetings or gatherings or interaction with other
people. In addition, most of our Pharmanex nutritional supplement revenue is
generated from products that are encapsulated in bovine- and/or porcine-sourced
gel capsules. If we experience production difficulties, quality control
problems, or shortages in supply in connection with bovine or porcine related
health concerns, this could result in additional risk of product shortages or
write-offs of inventory that no longer can be used. We may be unable to
introduce our products in some markets if we are unable to obtain the necessary
regulatory approvals or if any product ingredients are prohibited, which could
harm our business.
The
market price of our common stock is subject to significant fluctuations due to a
number of factors that are beyond our control.
Our
common stock closed at $16.59 per share on February 1, 2008 and closed at $23.39
per share on February 1, 2010. During this two-year period, our common stock
traded as low as $7.90 per share and as high as $28.78 per share. Many factors
could cause the market price of our common stock to fall. Some of these factors
include:
▪ fluctuations in our
quarterly operating results;
▪ the sale of shares of Class
A common stock by our original or significant stockholders;
▪ general trends in the market
for our products;
▪ acquisitions by us or our
competitors;
|
▪
|
economic
and/or currency exchange issues in markets in which we
operate;
|
|
▪
|
changes
in estimates of our operating performance or changes in recommendations by
securities analysts; and
|
▪ general business and
political conditions.
Broad
market fluctuations could also lower the market price of our common stock
regardless of our actual operating performance.
As of December 31, 2009, our original
stockholders, together with their family members, estate planning entities and
affiliates, controlled approximately 30% of the combined stockholder voting
power, and their interests may be different from yours.
The
original stockholders of our company, together with their family members and
affiliates, have the ability to influence the election and removal of the board
of directors and, as a result, our future direction and operations. As of
December 31, 2009, these stockholders owned approximately 28% of the voting
power of the outstanding shares of common stock. Accordingly, they may influence
decisions concerning business opportunities, declaring dividends, issuing
additional shares of common stock or other securities and the approval of any
merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. They
may make decisions that are adverse to your interests.
If
our stockholders sell a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the
public market, the market price of our common stock could fall.
Several
of our principal stockholders hold a large number of shares of the outstanding
common stock. A decision by any of our principal stockholders to aggressively
sell their shares could depress the market price of our common stock. As of
December 31, 2009, we had approximately 62,761,485 million shares of common
stock outstanding. All of these shares are freely tradable, except for
approximately 16.5 million shares held by certain founding stockholders who
entered into lock-up agreements with us in connection with the repurchase of
shares in 2003. Under the terms of these lock-up agreements, they are subject to
certain volume limitations with respect to open market transactions. We have the
discretion to waive or terminate these restrictions. In the event these lock-up
restrictions were terminated, our stock price could be harmed if these
stockholders sold large amounts of stock over a short period of
time.
None.
Our principal properties consist of the
following:
Operational
Facilities. These facilities include administrative offices,
walk-in centers, and warehouse/distribution centers. Our operational
facilities measuring 30,000 square feet or more include the
following:
|
•
|
our
worldwide headquarters in Provo,
Utah;
|
|
•
|
our
worldwide distribution center/warehouse in Provo, Utah;
and
|
|
•
|
our
distribution center in Tokyo,
Japan.
|
Manufacturing
Facilities. Each of our manufacturing facilities measure
30,000 square feet or more, and include the following:
|
•
|
our
nutritional supplement manufacturing facility in Zhejiang Province,
China;
|
|
•
|
our
personal care manufacturing facility in Shanghai,
China;
|
|
•
|
our
Vitameal manufacturing facility in Jixi, Heilongjiang
Province;
|
|
•
|
our
herbal extraction facility in Zhejiang
Province.
|
Retail
Stores. As of December 31, 2009, we operated 41 stores
throughout China.
Research and Development
Centers. We operate three research and development centers,
one in Provo, Utah, one in Shanghai, China, and one in Beijing,
China. We are currently in the preliminary planning phase of building
a state-of-the-art innovation center adjacent to our corporate
headquarters. We believe this facility will cost approximately $40
million and will take roughly two years to complete.
With the exception of our research and
development center in Utah, our nutritional supplement plant in China, and a few
other minor facilities, which we own, we lease the properties described
above. Our headquarters and distribution center in Utah are leased
from related parties. We believe that our existing and planned
facilities are adequate for our current operations in each of our existing
markets.
Due to
the international nature of our business, we are subject from time to time to
reviews and audits by the foreign taxing authorities of the various
jurisdictions in which we conduct business throughout the world. As
previously reported, we are currently involved in litigation in Japan with the
Ministry of Finance with respect to additional customs assessments made by
Yokohama Customs for the period of October 2002 through July 2005. The aggregate
amount of those assessments is yen 2.7 billion Japanese (approximately $29.0
million as of December 31, 2009), net of any recovery of consumption taxes. We
believe that the documentation and legal analysis support our position and have
taken action in the court system in Japan to overturn these assessments. The
litigation on this matter is ongoing and we believe the court will likely decide
this matter in the next year. If we receive a decision that is unfavorable, we
may appeal the decision, however, we would likely be required to take a charge
to our earnings for the amount assessed.
In July
2005, we changed our operating structure in Japan and believed that these
changes would eliminate further valuation disputes with Yokohama Customs as the
new structure eliminated the issues that were the basis of the litigation and
valuation disputes. However, in October 2009 we received notice from Yokohama
Customs that they were assessing additional duties, penalties and interest for
the period of October 2006 through November 2008 following an audit. The total
amount of such assessments is yen 1.5 billion Japanese (approximately $17.5
million as of December 31, 2009), net of any recovery of consumption taxes. The
basis for such additional assessment is different from, and unrelated to, the
issues that are being litigated in the current litigation with the Ministry of
Finance. Following our review of the assessments and after consulting with our
legal and customs advisors, we strongly believe that the additional assessments
are improper and are not supported by any legal or factual basis. We filed
letters of protest with Yokohama Customs, which were rejected. We plan to
appeal the matter to the Ministry of Finance in Japan. To the extent
that we are unsuccessful in recovering the amounts assessed and paid, we will be
required to take a corresponding charge to our earnings.
In
addition, we are currently being required to pay a higher rate of duties on all
current imports, which we are similarly disputing. Because we believe that the
higher rate being assessed is improper, we are currently planning on only
expensing the portion of the duties we believe is supported under applicable
customs law, and recording the additional payment as a receivable on our
books.
ITEM
4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A
VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
There
were no matters submitted to a vote of the security holders during the fourth
quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009.
PART
II
|
MARKET FOR
REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER
PURCHASES OF EQUITY
SECURITIES
|
Our Class A common stock is listed on
the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and trades under the symbol
“NUS.” The following table is based upon the information available to
us and sets forth the range of the high and low sales prices for our Class A
common stock for the quarterly periods during 2008 and 2009 based upon
quotations on the NYSE.
Quarter
Ended
|
|
High
|
|
|
Low
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March
31,
2008
|
|
$ |
19.99 |
|
|
$ |
14.51 |
|
June
30,
2008
|
|
|
19.12 |
|
|
|
14.91 |
|
September
30,
2008
|
|
|
17.83 |
|
|
|
14.51 |
|
December
31,
2008
|
|
|
16.34 |
|
|
|
8.42 |
|
Quarter
Ended
|
|
High
|
|
|
Low
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March
31,
2009
|
|
$ |
11.56 |
|
|
$ |
7.90 |
|
June
30,
2009
|
|
|
15.70 |
|
|
|
10.05 |
|
September
30,
2009
|
|
|
18.80 |
|
|
|
14.69 |
|
December
31,
2009
|
|
|
28.78 |
|
|
|
18.23 |
|
The market price of our Class A common
stock is subject to significant fluctuations in response to variations in our
quarterly operating results, general trends in the market for our products and
product candidates, economic and currency exchange issues in the foreign markets
in which we operate and other factors, many of which are not within our
control. In addition, broad market fluctuations, as well as general
economic, business, regulatory and political conditions may adversely affect the
market for our Class A common stock, regardless of our actual or projected
performance.
The closing price of our Class A common
stock on February 1, 2010, was $23.39. The approximate number of
holders of record of our Class A common stock as of February 1, 2010 was
686. This number of holders of record does not represent the actual
number of beneficial owners of shares of our Class A common stock because shares
are frequently held in “street name” by securities dealers and others for the
benefit of individual owners who have the right to vote their
shares.
Dividends
We declared and paid a $0.11 per share
dividend for Class A common stock in March, June, September and December of
2008, and a $0.115 per share quarterly dividend for Class A common stock in
March, June, September and December of 2009. The board of directors
has approved an increased quarterly cash dividend of $0.125 per share of Class A
common stock to be paid on March 17, 2010, to stockholders of record on February
26, 2010. Management believes that cash flows from operations will be
sufficient to fund this and future dividend payments, if any.
We expect to continue to pay dividends
on our common stock. However, the declaration of dividends is subject
to the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon various
factors, including our net earnings, financial condition, cash requirements,
future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by our board of
directors.
|
Purchases
of Equity Securities by the Issuer
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
|
(b)
|
|
|
(c)
|
|
|
(d)
|
|
Period
|
|
Total
Number
of
Shares Purchased
|
|
|
Average
Price Paid per Share
|
|
|
Total
Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or
Programs
|
|
|
Approximate
Dollar Value of Shares that may yet be Purchased Under the Plans or
Programs
(in
millions)(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
October
1 – 31,
2009
|
|
|
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
$ |
69.9 |
|
November
1 – 30, 2009
|
|
|
38,514 |
|
|
|
26.39 |
|
|
|
38,300 |
|
|
|
68.8 |
|
December
1 – 31,
2009
|
|
|
235,726 |
|
|
|
27.24 |
|
|
|
230,000 |
|
|
|
62.5 |
|
Total
|
|
|
274,240 |
(2) |
|
|
27.12 |
|
|
|
268,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
In
August 1998, our board of directors approved a plan to repurchase $10.0
million of our Class A common stock on the open market or in private
transactions. Our board has from time to time increased the
amount authorized under the plan and a total amount of approximately
$335.0 million is currently authorized. As of December 31,
2009, we had repurchased approximately $272.5 million of shares under the
plan. There has been no termination or expiration of the plan
since the initial date of approval.
|
(2)
|
We
have authorized the repurchase of shares acquired by our employees and
distributors in certain foreign markets because of regulatory and other
issues that make it difficult or costly for these persons to sell such
shares in the open market. These shares were awarded or
acquired in connection with our initial public offering in
1996. Of the shares listed in this column, 214 shares in
November at an average price per share of $21.45 and 5,726 shares in
December at an average price per share of $23.47, relate to repurchases
from such employees and
distributors.
|
Stock
Performance Graph
Set forth
below is a line graph comparing the cumulative total stockholder return (stock
price appreciation plus dividends) on the Class A Common Stock with the
cumulative total return of the S&P 500 Index, a market-weighted index of
publicly traded peers used in last year’s report (the “Old Peer
Group”), and a market-weighted index of a new peer group of publicly
traded peers (the “New Peer Group”) for the period from December 31, 2004
through December 31, 2009. The graph assumes that $100 is invested in
each of the Class A Common Stock, the S&P 500 Index, and each of the indexes
of publicly traded peers on December 31, 2004 and that all dividends were
reinvested. We have omitted Nature’s Sunshine Products, Inc. from our
New Peer Group. We believe Nature’s Sunshine Products, Inc. no longer
provides a meaningful comparison of stock price performance due to the delisting
of its stock from Nasdaq, and subsequent revocation of its stock registration by
the Securities and Exchange Commission. The New Peer Group consists
of all of the following companies, which compete in our industry and product
categories and were included in our Old Peer Group: Avon Products, Inc., Estee
Lauder, Tupperware Corporation, Herbalife LTD., USANA Health Sciences, Inc. and
Alberto Culver Co. The Old Peer Group consists of all of the
companies included in the New Peer Group as well as Nature’s Sunshine Products,
Inc.
Measured
Period
|
|
Company
|
|
|
S&P
500 Index
|
|
|
Old
Peer Group Index
|
|
|
New
Peer Group Index
|
|
December
31, 2004
|
|
$ |
100.00 |
|
|
$ |
100.00 |
|
|
$ |
100.00 |
|
|
$ |
100.00 |
|
December
31, 2005
|
|
|
70.48 |
|
|
|
104.91 |
|
|
|
84.20 |
|
|
|
84.15 |
|
December
31, 2006
|
|
|
74.74 |
|
|
|
121.48 |
|
|
|
100.75 |
|
|
|
101.17 |
|
December
31, 2007
|
|
|
69.09 |
|
|
|
128.16 |
|
|
|
117.16 |
|
|
|
117.87 |
|
December
31, 2008
|
|
|
45.22 |
|
|
|
80.74 |
|
|
|
79.28 |
|
|
|
79.77 |
|
December
31, 2009
|
|
|
120.10 |
|
|
|
102.10 |
|
|
|
115.90 |
|
|
|
116.64 |
|
The following selected consolidated
financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
and 2009 have been derived from the audited consolidated financial
statements.
|
|
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
(U.S.
dollars in thousands, except per share data and cash
dividends)
|
|
Income Statement
Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
$ |
1,180,930 |
|
|
$ |
1,115,409 |
|
|
$ |
1,157,667 |
|
|
$ |
1,247,646 |
|
|
$ |
1,331,058 |
|
Cost
of
sales
|
|
|
206,163 |
|
|
|
195,203 |
|
|
|
209,283 |
|
|
|
228,597 |
|
|
|
243,648 |
|
Gross
profit
|
|
|
974,767 |
|
|
|
920,206 |
|
|
|
948,384 |
|
|
|
1,019,049 |
|
|
|
1,087,410 |
|
Operating
expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling
expenses
|
|
|
497,421 |
|
|
|
480,136 |
|
|
|
496,454 |
|
|
|
529,368 |
|
|
|
550,637 |
|
General
and administrative expenses(1)
|
|
|
354,223 |
|
|
|
353,412 |
|
|
|
361,242 |
|
|
|
364,253 |
|
|
|
378,336 |
|
Restructuring
charges
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
11,115 |
|
|
|
19,775 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
10,724 |
|
Impairment
of assets and
other
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
20,840 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Total
operating
expenses
|
|
|
851,644 |
|
|
|
865,503 |
|
|
|
877,471 |
|
|
|
893,621 |
|
|
|
939,697 |
|
Operating
income
|
|
|
123,123 |
|
|
|
54,703 |
|
|
|
70,913 |
|
|
|
125,428 |
|
|
|
147,713 |
|
Other
income (expense),
net
|
|
|
(4,172 |
) |
|
|
(2,027 |
) |
|
|
(2,435 |
) |
|
|
(24,775 |
) |
|
|
(6,589 |
) |
Income
before provision for income taxes
|
|
|
118,951 |
|
|
|
52,676 |
|
|
|
68,478 |
|
|
|
100,653 |
|
|
|
141,124 |
|
Provision
for income
taxes
|
|
|
44,918 |
|
|
|
19,859 |
|
|
|
24,606 |
|
|
|
35,306 |
|
|
|
51,279 |
|
Net
income
|
|
$ |
74,033 |
|
|
$ |
32,817 |
|
|
$ |
43,872 |
|
|
$ |
65,347 |
|
|
$ |
89,845 |
|
Net
income per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$ |
1.06 |
|
|
$ |
0.47 |
|
|
$ |
0.68 |
|
|
$ |
1.03 |
|
|
$ |
1.42 |
|
Diluted
|
|
$ |
1.04 |
|
|
$ |
0.47 |
|
|
$ |
0.67 |
|
|
$ |
1.02 |
|
|
$ |
1.40 |
|
Weighted-average
common shares outstanding (000s):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
70,047 |
|
|
|
69,418 |
|
|
|
64,783 |
|
|
|
63,510 |
|
|
|
63,333 |
|
Diluted
|
|
|
71,356 |
|
|
|
70,506 |
|
|
|
65,584 |
|
|
|
64,132 |
|
|
|
64,296 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance Sheet Data (at
end of period):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents and current investments
|
|
$ |
155,409 |
|
|
$ |
121,353 |
|
|
$ |
92,552 |
|
|
$ |
114,586 |
|
|
$ |
158,045 |
|
Working
capital
|
|
|
149,098 |
|
|
|
109,418 |
|
|
|
95,175 |
|
|
|
124,036 |
|
|
|
152,731 |
|
Total
assets
|
|
|
678,866 |
|
|
|
664,849 |
|
|
|
683,243 |
|
|
|
709,772 |
|
|
|
748,449 |
|
Current
portion of long-term debt
|
|
|
26,757 |
|
|
|
26,652 |
|
|
|
31,441 |
|
|
|
30,196 |
|
|
|
35,400 |
|
Long-term
debt
|
|
|
123,483 |
|
|
|
136,173 |
|
|
|
169,229 |
|
|
|
158,760 |
|
|
|
121,119 |
|
Stockholders’
equity
|
|
|
354,628 |
|
|
|
318,980 |
|
|
|
275,009 |
|
|
|
316,180 |
|
|
|
375,687 |
|
Cash
dividends
declared
|
|
|
0.36 |
|
|
|
0.40 |
|
|
|
0.42 |
|
|
|
0.44 |
|
|
|
0.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental Operating
Data (at end of period):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Approximate
number of active distributors(2)
|
|
|
803,000 |
|
|
|
761,000 |
|
|
|
755,000 |
|
|
|
761,000 |
|
|
|
761,000 |
|
Number
of executive distributors(2)
|
|
|
30,471 |
|
|
|
29,756 |
|
|
|
30,002 |
|
|
|
30,588 |
|
|
|
32,939 |
|
(1)
|
In
2006, the Company began recording stock-based compensation as an expense
as required by accounting standards. Total equity compensation
expense was $9.3 million, $8.1 million, $7.3 million and $10.0 million in
2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009,
respectively.
|
(2)
|
Active
distributors include preferred customers and distributors purchasing
products directly from us during the three months ended as of the date
indicated. An executive distributor is an active distributor
who has achieved required personal and group sales
volumes.
|
|
MANAGEMENT’S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
|
The following discussion of our
financial condition and results of operation should be read in conjunction with
the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto, which are
included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
We are a
leading, global direct selling company with operations in 50 markets
worldwide. We develop and distribute innovative, premium-quality
anti-aging personal care products and nutritional supplements under our Nu Skin
and Pharmanex brands, respectively. We strive to secure competitive
advantage in four key areas: our people, our products, the culture we promote,
and the business opportunities we offer. In 2009, our 25th year
of operations, we posted record revenue of $1.33 billion. Revenue in
2009 grew 7% based on the success of strong product innovation and distributor
initiatives. As of December 31, 2009, we had a global network of over
761,000 active
sales representatives we refer to as “distributors.” Approximately
33,000 of our distributors were qualified sales leaders we refer to as
“executive distributors.” Our executive distributors play a critical
leadership role in the growth and development of our
business. Approximately 84% of our 2009 revenue came from markets
outside the United States. While we have become more geographically
diverse over the past decade, Japan, our largest revenue market, accounted for
approximately 35% of our 2009 total revenue. Due to the size of our
foreign operations, our results are often impacted positively or negatively by
foreign currency fluctuations, particularly fluctuations in the Japanese
yen. In addition, our results are generally impacted by global
economic, political, demographic and business conditions.
Our
revenue depends on the number and productivity of our active distributors and
executive distributor leaders. We have been successful in attracting
and motivating distributors by:
• developing
and marketing innovative, technologically and scientifically advanced
products;
• providing
compelling initiatives and strong distributor support; and
• offering
attractive incentives that motivate distributors to build sales
organizations.
Our distributors market and sell our
products and recruit new distributors based on the distinguishing benefits and
innovative characteristics of our products. As a result, it is vital
to our business that we continuously leverage our research and development
resources to develop and introduce innovative products and provide our
distributors with an attractive portfolio of products. At our global
convention in October 2009, we introduced our most technologically-advanced skin
care system to date, ageLOC
Transformation, including ageLOC Future Serum, a
stand-alone anti-aging serum. These ageLOC products are designed to
support and reset Youth Gene Clusters, functional groups of genes that regulate
how we appear to age, to function in more youthful patterns of
activity. We also offer unique initiatives, products, and business
tools, such as our Galvanic
Spa System II, including the new ageLOC Edition, and
technologically-advanced Pharmanex BioPhotonic
Scanner, to help distributors effectively differentiate our earnings
opportunity and product offering. Any delays or difficulties in
introducing compelling products or attractive initiatives or tools into our
markets may have a negative impact on our revenue and distributor
recruiting.
We have
developed a global distributor compensation plan and other incentives designed
to motivate our distributors to market and sell our products and to build sales
organizations around the world and across product lines. In 2008 and
2009, we implemented modifications to our compensation plan to improve
commission payments early in the distributor lifecycle. The initial
results from these modifications have been positive. We continue to
evaluate further changes to our compensation plan to help increase distributor
productivity and earnings potential However, there are always risks
associated with making changes to our compensation plan as there is a degree of
uncertainty as to how distributors will react to such changes and whether such
changes will impact distributor activity in unanticipated ways.
Our extensive global distributor
network helps us to rapidly introduce products and penetrate our markets with
little up-front promotional expense. Similar to other companies in
our industry, we experience a high level of turnover among our
distributors. As a result, it is important that we regularly
introduce innovative and compelling products and initiatives in order to
maintain a compelling business opportunity that will attract new
distributors. We have also developed, and continue to promote in many
of our markets, product subscription and loyalty programs that provide
incentives for customers to commit to purchase a specific amount of products on
a monthly basis. We believe these subscription programs have improved
customer retention, have had a stabilizing impact on revenue, and have helped
generate recurring sales for our distributors. Subscription orders
represented 50% of our revenue in 2009.
Global
economic conditions continue to be challenging, with decreased levels of
consumer confidence and spending and access to capital. Although
there are signs of economic recovery, the extent and timing of any improvement
in global economic conditions are unclear and there are concerns that conditions
could deteriorate further. To date, we have been fortunate that these
economic conditions have not negatively impacted our operations
significantly. Despite difficult economic conditions, we experienced
healthy growth in each of our regions in 2009. While we are not
immune to contractions in consumer spending, we believe we have benefited from
the nature of our distribution model and strong execution around a demonstrative
product/opportunity initiative, which has helped offset to some degree the
impact of the decline in consumer spending. As a direct selling
company, we offer a direct selling opportunity that allows an individual to
supplement his/her income by selling our products and building a sales
organization to market and sell our products. As the economy and the
labor market decline, we find that there can be an increase in the number of
people interested in becoming distributors in order to supplement their
income. We believe that this increase in interest in our direct
selling opportunity coupled with the strong marketing position of our new ageLOC
products and Galvanic Spa
System II have helped us to continue growing our business in these
difficult economic conditions. However, if the economic problems are
prolonged or worsen, we expect that we could see a negative impact on our
business as distributors may have a more difficult time selling products and
finding new customers. In addition, such economic conditions may
adversely impact access to capital for us and our suppliers, may decrease our
distributors' ability to obtain or maintain credit cards, and may otherwise
adversely impact our operations and overall financial condition.
Our
business is subject to various laws and regulations globally, particularly with
respect to network marketing activities, cosmetics, and nutritional
supplements. Accordingly, we face certain risks, including any
improper claims or activities of our distributors or any inability to obtain or
maintain necessary product registrations. For example, regulators in
Japan have increased their scrutiny of our industry. Several direct
sellers in Japan have been penalized for actions of their distributors that
violated applicable regulations, including one prominent international direct
selling company that was suspended from sponsoring activities for three months
in 2008, and another large Japanese direct selling company that was suspended
from sponsoring activities for six months in 2009. In addition,
Japanese media has reported on increased political pressure on lawmakers
supporting our industry. We continue to experience a high level of
general inquiries regarding our company and complaints to consumer protection
centers in Japan and have taken steps to try to resolve these issues including
providing additional training to our distributors and restructuring our
compliance group in Japan. We have seen improvements in some perfectures,
but not in others. In 2009, we received one written and one oral warning
from Consumer Centers in two prefectures raising concerns about our distributor
training and number of general inquiries and complaints. We are
implementing additional steps to reinforce our distributor education and
training in Japan to help address these concerns. If consumer
complaints escalate to a government review or if the current level of complaints
does not improve, there is an increased likelihood that regulators could take
action against us or we could receive negative media attention, either of which
could harm our business. For more information about the risks and
challenges we face, please refer to the “Note Regarding Forward-Looking
Statements.”
Income
Statement Presentation
We recognize revenue in five geographic
regions and we translate revenue from each market’s local currency into U.S.
dollars using weighted-average exchange rates. The following table
sets forth revenue information by region for the periods
indicated. This table should be reviewed in connection with the
tables presented under “Results of Operations,” which disclose selling expenses
and other costs associated with generating the aggregate revenue
presented.
Revenue
by Region
|
|
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|
(U.S.
dollars in millions)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
North
Asia
|
|
$ |
585.8 |
|
|
|
50 |
% |
|
$ |
594.5 |
|
|
|
48 |
% |
|
$ |
606.1 |
|
|
|
45 |
% |
Americas
|
|
|
188.3 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
223.9 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
260.9 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
Greater
China
|
|
|
205.0 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
210.0 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
210.4 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
Europe
|
|
|
77.2 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
111.6 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
133.6 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
South
Asia/Pacific
|
|
|
101.4 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
107.6 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
120.1 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
$ |
1,157.7 |
|
|
|
100 |
% |
|
$ |
1,247.6 |
|
|
|
100 |
% |
|
$ |
1,331.1 |
|
|
|
100 |
% |
Cost of
sales primarily consists of:
• cost
of products purchased from third-party vendors, generally in U.S.
dollars;
• costs
of self-manufactured products;
• cost
of sales materials which we sell to distributors at or near cost;
•
amortization
expenses associated with certain products and services such as the Pharmanex BioPhotonic
Scanners that are leased to distributors;
•
freight cost of shipping products to distributors and import duties for the
products; and
•
royalties and related expenses for licensed technologies.
We source the majority of our products
from third-party manufacturers located in the United States. Due to
Chinese government restrictions on the importation of finished goods applicable
to the current scope of our business in China, we are required to manufacture
the bulk of our own products for distribution in China. Cost of sales and gross
profit may fluctuate as a result of changes in the ratio between
self-manufactured products and products sourced from third-party
suppliers. In addition, because we purchase a significant majority of
our goods in U.S. dollars and recognize revenue in local currencies, we are
subject to exchange rate risks in our gross margins. Because our
gross margins vary from product to product and are higher in some markets such
as Japan, changes in product mix and geographic revenue mix can impact our gross
margins.
Selling expenses are our most
significant expense and are classified as operating expenses. Selling
expenses include distributor commissions as well as wages, benefits, bonuses and
other labor and unemployment expenses we pay to sales employees in China. Our
global compensation plan, which we employ in all of our markets except China, is
an important factor in our ability to attract and retain
distributors. We pay monthly commissions to several levels of
distributors on each product sale based upon a distributor’s personal and group
product volumes, as well as the group product volumes of up to six levels of
executive distributors in such distributor’s downline sales
organization. We do not pay commissions on sales materials, which are
sold to distributors at or near cost. Small fluctuations occur in the
amount of commissions paid as the network of distributors actively purchasing
products changes from month to month. However, due to the size of our
distributor force of approximately 761,000 active distributors, the fluctuation
in the overall payout is relatively small. The overall payout has
typically averaged between 41% and 44% of global product sales. From
time to time, we make modifications and enhancements to our global compensation
plan in an effort to help motivate distributors and develop leadership
characteristics, which can have an impact on selling expenses.
Distributors also have the opportunity
to make retail profits by purchasing products from us at wholesale and selling
them to customers with a retail mark-up. We do not account for nor
pay additional commissions on these retail mark-ups received by
distributors. In many markets, we also allow individuals who are not
distributors, whom we refer to as “preferred customers”, to buy products
directly from us at wholesale or discounted prices. We pay commissions on
preferred customer purchases to the referring distributors.
General
and administrative expenses include:
• wages
and benefits;
• rents
and utilities;
• depreciation
and amortization;
• promotion
and advertising;
• professional
fees;
• travel;
• research
and development; and
• other
operating expenses.
Labor expenses are the most significant
portion of our general and administrative expenses. Promotion and
advertising expenses include costs of distributor conventions held in various
markets worldwide, which we expense in the period in which they are
incurred. Because our various distributor conventions are not always
held during each fiscal year, or in the same period each year, their impact on
our general and administrative expenses may vary from year to year and from
quarter to quarter. For example, we held our global distributor
convention in October 2009 and do not expect to have another global convention
until the fall of 2011 as we currently plan to hold a global convention every
other year. In addition, we hold regional conventions and conventions
in our major markets at different times during the year. These
conventions have significant expenses associated with them. Because
we have not incurred expenses for these conventions during every fiscal year or
in comparable interim periods, year-over-year comparisons have been impacted
accordingly.
Provision for income taxes depends on
the statutory tax rates in each of the jurisdictions in which we
operate. For example, statutory tax rates in 2009 were approximately
17.5% in Hong Kong, 25% in Taiwan, 24.25% in South Korea, 45% in Japan and 25%
in China. We are subject to taxation in the United States at the
statutory corporate federal tax rate of 35% and we pay taxes in multiple states
within the United States at various tax rates. Our overall effective
tax rate was 36.3% for the year ended December 31, 2009.
Critical
Accounting Policies
The
following critical accounting policies and estimates should be read in
conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes
thereto. Management considers our critical accounting policies to be
the recognition of revenue, accounting for income taxes, accounting for
intangible assets and accounting for stock-based compensation. In
each of these areas, management makes estimates based on historical results,
current trends and future projections.
Revenue. We
recognize revenue when products are shipped, which is when title and risk of
loss pass to our distributors. With some exceptions in various
countries, we offer a return policy whereby distributors can return unopened and
unused product for up to 12 months subject to a 10% restocking
fee. Reported revenue is net of returns, which have historically been
less than 5% of annual revenue. A reserve for product returns is
accrued based on historical experience. We classify selling discounts
as a reduction of revenue. Our selling expenses are computed pursuant
to our global compensation plan for our distributors, which is focused on
remunerating distributors based primarily upon the selling efforts of the
distributors and the volume of products purchased by their downlines, and not
their personal purchases.
Income
Taxes. We account for income taxes in accordance with the
Income Taxes Topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Codification. These standards establish
financial accounting and reporting standards for the effects of income taxes
that result from an enterprise’s activities during the current and preceding
years. We take an asset and liability approach for financial
accounting and reporting of income taxes. We pay income taxes in many
foreign jurisdictions based on the profits realized in those jurisdictions,
which can be significantly impacted by terms of intercompany transactions among
our affiliates around the world. Deferred tax assets and liabilities
are created in this process. As of December 31, 2009, we had net
deferred tax assets of $61.3 million. These net deferred tax assets
assume sufficient future earnings will exist for their realization, as well as
the continued application of current tax rates. In certain foreign
jurisdictions valuation allowances have been recorded against the deferred tax
assets specifically related to use of net operating losses. When we
determine that there is sufficient taxable income to utilize the net operating
losses, the valuation allowances will be released. In the event we
were to determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our net
deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets
would be charged to earnings in the period such determination was
made.
We file income tax returns in the U.S.
federal jurisdiction, and various states and foreign
jurisdictions. We are currently under examination by the United
States Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) for the 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008
tax years. With a few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S.
federal, state and local income tax examination by tax authorities for years
before 2005. For the tax year 2009, we entered into a voluntary
program with the IRS called Compliance Assurance Process (“CAP”).The objective
of CAP is to contemporaneously work with the IRS to achieve federal tax
compliance and resolve all or most of the issues prior to filing of the tax
return. We may elect to continue participating in CAP for future tax
years and may withdraw from the program at any time. In major foreign
jurisdictions, we are no longer subject to income tax examinations for years
before 2003. Along with the IRS examination, we are currently under
examination in certain foreign jurisdictions; however, the outcomes of these
reviews are not yet determinable.
At December 31, 2009, we had $28.3
million in unrecognized tax benefits of which $4.4 million, if recognized, would
affect the effective tax rate. In comparison, at December 31, 2008,
we had $30.9 million in unrecognized tax benefits of which $5.8 million, if
recognized, would affect the effective tax rate. During each of the years ended
December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, we recognized approximately $0.1
million and $0.5 million in interest and penalties. We had
approximately $3.3 million and $3.2 million of accrued interest and penalties
related to uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2009 and December 31,
2008. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are
recognized as a component of income tax expense.
We are subject to regular audits by
federal, state and foreign tax authorities. These audits may result
in additional tax liabilities. We account for such contingent
liabilities in accordance with relevant accounting standards and believe we have
appropriately provided for income taxes for all years. Several
factors drive the calculation of our tax reserves. Some of these
factors include: (i) the expiration of various statutes of limitations; (ii)
changes in tax law and regulations; (iii) issuance of tax rulings; and (iv)
settlements with tax authorities. Changes in any of these factors may
result in adjustments to our reserves, which would impact our reported financial
results.
Intangible
Assets. Acquired intangible assets may represent
indefinite-lived assets, determinable-lived intangibles, or goodwill. Of these,
only the costs of determinable-lived intangibles are amortized to expense over
their estimated life. The value of indefinite-lived intangible assets and
residual goodwill is not amortized, but is tested at least annually for
impairment. Our impairment testing for goodwill is performed separately from our
impairment testing of indefinite-lived intangibles. We test goodwill for
impairment, at least annually, by reviewing the book value compared to the fair
value at the reportable unit level. We test individual indefinite-lived
intangibles at least annually by reviewing the individual book values compared
to the fair value. Considerable management judgment is necessary to
measure fair value. We did not recognize any impairment charges for goodwill or
intangible assets during the periods presented.
Stock-Based
Compensation. All share-based payments to employees are recognized in the
financial statements based on their fair values using an option-pricing model at
the date of grant. We use a Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model to
calculate the fair value of options. Stock based compensation expense is
recognized net of any estimated forfeitures on a straight-line basis over the
requisite service period of the award.
Results
of Operations
The
following table sets forth our operating results as a percentage of revenue for
the periods indicated:
|
|
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
100.0 |
% |
Cost
of
sales
|
|
|
18.1 |
|
|
|
18.3 |
|
|
|
18.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross
profit
|
|
|
81.9 |
|
|
|
81.7 |
|
|
|
81.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling
expenses
|
|
|
42.9 |
|
|
|
42.4 |
|
|
|
41.4 |
|
General
and administrative
expenses
|
|
|
31.2 |
|
|
|
29.2 |
|
|
|
28.4 |
|
Restructuring
charges
|
|
|
1.7 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
operating
expenses
|
|
|
75.8 |
|
|
|
71.6 |
|
|
|
70.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
income
|
|
|
6.1 |
|
|
|
10.1 |
|
|
|
11.1 |
|
Other
income (expense),
net
|
|
|
(.2 |
) |
|
|
(2.0 |
) |
|
|
(0.5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income
before provision for income
taxes
|
|
|
5.9 |
|
|
|
8.1 |
|
|
|
10.6 |
|
Provision
for income
taxes
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
|
|
|
3.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
income
|
|
|
3.8 |
% |
|
|
5.2 |
% |
|
|
6.8 |
% |
2009
Compared to 2008
Overview
Revenue in 2009 increased 6% to $1.33
billion from $1.25 billion in 2008. The introduction of our ageLOC Transformation skin care
system at our global distributor convention held in Los Angeles during the
fourth quarter contributed to a boost to revenue during this period.
Foreign currency exchange fluctuations did not materially impact on revenue in
2009 compared to 2008. Revenue in 2009 was positively impacted by growth
in all of our regions, driven largely by strong sales of our personal care
products, including the Galvanic Spa System II with
ageLOC Galvanic Spa
Gels and our new ageLOCTransformation skin care
system, as well as successful promotions of other key products. Despite
improving trends in Japan, we continued to see declines in our local currency
revenue in that market.
Earnings per share in 2009 increased to
$1.40 compared to $1.02 in 2008 on a diluted basis. The increase in earnings is
largely the result of increased revenue, as discussed above, and transformation
initiatives we have executed over the last several years to transform and align
our business and operate more efficiently. Earnings per share in 2009
and 2008 were also impacted by:
|
•
|
foreign
currency transaction losses in 2008 of approximately $11.9 million (net of
taxes of $6.5 million), or $.19 per share, as foreign currencies shifted
dramatically during the year; and
|
|
•
|
restructuring
charges in 2009 totaling $6.8 million (net of taxes of $3.9 million), or
$.11 per share, relating to further transformation initiatives to reduce
overhead, primarily in Japan.
|
North
Asia. The following table sets forth revenue for the North
Asia region and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japan
|
|
$ |
443.7 |
|
|
$ |
461.9 |
|
|
|
4% |
|
South
Korea
|
|
|
150.8 |
|
|
|
144.2 |
|
|
|
(4%) |
|
North
Asia
total
|
|
$ |
594.5 |
|
|
$ |
606.1 |
|
|
|
2% |
|
Foreign currency fluctuations
positively impacted revenue by 3% in this region compared to the prior-year
period. Currency fluctuations positively impacted revenue in Japan by
10% and negatively impacted revenue in Korea by 16% in 2009. Our
active and executive distributor counts decreased 10% and 5%, respectively, in
Japan in 2009 compared to 2008. In South Korea, our active and executive
distributor counts increased 18% and 20%, respectively, comparing 2009 to
2008.
Local currency revenue in Japan
declined 6% in 2009 compared to 2008. We continue to experience some
weakness in this challenging market, as evidenced by the declines in both our
active and executive distributors. The direct selling environment in Japan
continues to be very difficult as the industry has been in a decline for several
years. Most direct selling companies were seeing their businesses
contract in this market. Increased regulatory and media scrutiny of
the industry continues to negatively impact the industry and our
business. As a result of this increased scrutiny, we continue to
focus on distributor compliance and have also been more cautious in both our
corporate and our distributor’s marketing activities. Despite these
challenges, we have experienced an improving trend in revenue comparisons for
the last few quarters due largely to the implementation of distributor
initiatives that have been successful in other markets as well as strong product
promotions in the last-half of 2009. The product promotions and
distributor enthusiasm surrounding the launch of our ageLOC Transformation skin care
system and new ageLOC Edition
Galvanic Spa in the fourth quarter in particular contributed to stronger
fourth quarter revenue. Local currency revenue in Japan decreased 1%
year-over-year in the fourth quarter. Although we are encouraged by
these trend improvements in our Japan market, we believe that we may continue to
see modest local currency revenue declines during 2010 based on continued
weakness in distributor numbers, the promotional nature of some of the revenue
generated in connection with the launch of our ageLOC products, and our
anticipation that difficult regulatory conditions will continue throughout
2010.
South Korea posted strong
year-over-year local currency revenue growth of 12%. This growth was
fueled by strong distributor alignment behind our product and distributor
initiatives, maintaining a vibrant sponsoring environment for our distributors
and spurring significant growth in our active and executive
distributors. This revenue growth was more than offset
by weakening of the Korean won during 2009. As the Korean won continues to
fluctuate, it may positively or negatively impact our
results. We
launched our ageLOC
Transformation skincare
system in South Korea during the first quarter of 2010, and believe this product
will have a positive impact on revenue in 2010.
Americas. The
following table sets forth revenue for the Americas region and its principal
markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United
States
|
|
$ |
192.1 |
|
|
$ |
218.6 |
|
|
|
14% |
|
Canada
|
|
|
16.2 |
|
|
|
23.5 |
|
|
|
45% |
|
Latin
America
|
|
|
15.6 |
|
|
|
18.8 |
|
|
|
21% |
|
Americas
total
|
|
$ |
223.9 |
|
|
$ |
260.9 |
|
|
|
17% |
|
In 2009, we continued to experience
strong growth in the United States, driven particularly by our highly
demonstrable personal care products, including our Galvanic Spa System II with
ageLOC Galvanic Spa
Gels and our new ageLOC
Transformation skin care system and ageLOC Edition Galvanic Spa System
II. Revenue in 2009 was positively impacted by approximately
$11.0 million as a result of product sales and convention fee revenue from
foreign distributors attending our biannual global convention in Los
Angeles. Active distributors in the United States decreased 3% and
executive distributors increased 12% compared to the prior-year
period.
Revenue increased by 45% in Canada and
by 21% in Latin America in 2009 compared to 2008,
respectively. Revenue continued to be driven primarily by the success
of our Galvanic Spa System
II and ageLOC Galvanic
Spa Gels in these markets. Our growth in Latin America is also attributed
to our expansion into Colombia during the second quarter of 2009.
Greater
China. The following table sets forth revenue for the Greater
China region and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taiwan
|
|
$ |
92.3 |
|
|
$ |
91.7 |
|
|
|
1% |
|
China
|
|
|
65.3 |
|
|
|
71.1 |
|
|
|
9% |
|
Hong
Kong
|
|
|
52.4 |
|
|
|
47.6 |
|
|
|
(9%) |
|
Greater
China
total
|
|
$ |
210.0 |
|
|
$ |
210.4 |
|
|
|
─ |
|
Foreign currency exchange rate
fluctuations positively impacted revenue in the Greater China region by 1% in
2009. Local currency revenue in Taiwan was up 4% in 2009 compared to
2008. The executive distributor count in Taiwan was up 9% compared to
the prior-year period, while the number of active distributors was up 12% when
compared to the prior-year period. In Taiwan, due to regulatory
restrictions, we continue to be unable to market the Galvanic Spa System II, which
has been a primary growth initiative in our other markets.
On a local currency basis, revenue in
Mainland China increased 7% in 2009 compared to 2008. Mainland China
reported a 27% decline in our preferred customers compared to the prior-year
period and a 9% increase in the number of sales representatives. The
year-over-year increase in revenue in Mainland China was the result of strong
sales of the Galvanic Spa
System II, which we fully launched in the first quarter of 2009,
successful sales initiatives and the adoption of our revised business
model. We continue to focus our efforts on managing our sales force
to ensure compliance with our policies and local regulations in this
market.
Hong Kong local currency revenue was
down 9% in 2009 compared to 2008 primarily as a result of a reduction in sales
of products to sales employees in Mainland China who had been purchasing
products in 2008 from Hong Kong that were not available in Mainland China such
as our Galvanic Spa System
II. Executive distributors in Hong Kong were up 15% and the
active distributors in Hong Kong were down 4% compared to 2008.
Europe. The
following table sets forth revenue for our Europe region (U.S. dollars in
millions):
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe
|
|
$ |
111.6 |
|
|
$ |
133.6 |
|
|
|
20% |
|
Foreign
currency exchange rate fluctuations negatively impacted revenue in Europe by 6%
in 2009 compared to the prior year. On a local currency basis,
revenue in Europe grew by 26% in 2009 compared to 2008. The strong
growth in Europe was driven by strong sales force leadership and sustained
interest in our Galvanic Spa
System II and our products supported by the Pharmanex BioPhotonic
Scanner, particularly in Eastern Europe where we have recently expanded
our business, as well as growth in Russia and South Africa. We also began
initial marketing activities in Turkey during the second quarter of
2009. Our active and executive distributor counts in our Europe
region increased by 12% and 16%, respectively, in 2009 compared to
2008.
South
Asia/Pacific. The following table sets forth revenue for the
South Asia/Pacific region and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in
millions):
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Singapore/Malaysia/Brunei
|
|
$ |
43.8 |
|
|
$ |
49.2 |
|
|
|
12% |
|
Thailand
|
|
|
34.6 |
|
|
|
38.8 |
|
|
|
12% |
|
Australia/New
Zealand
|
|
|
13.3 |
|
|
|
14.2 |
|
|
|
7% |
|
Indonesia
|
|
|
8.9 |
|
|
|
10.7 |
|
|
|
20% |
|
Philippines
|
|
|
7.0 |
|
|
|
7.2 |
|
|
|
3% |
|
South
Asia/Pacific total
|
|
$ |
107.6 |
|
|
$ |
120.1 |
|
|
|
12% |
|
Foreign currency exchange rate
fluctuations negatively impacted revenue in South Asia/Pacific by 5% in 2009
compared to the same prior-year period. All of the markets in this
region experienced growth. The growth was driven largely by continued
strong sales of our TRA
family of weight loss products and our Galvanic Spa System II, as
well as successful distributor leadership initiatives. We also
successfully launched enhancements to our sales compensation plan in these
markets, which we believe helped contribute to increased distributor
productivity. Executive distributors in the region increased 16%
while active distributors increased 9% compared to the prior year.
Gross
profit
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue
in 2009 remained level with 2008 at 81.7%. We anticipate that our
gross profit as a percentage of revenue will increase slightly in 2010, based on
improved margins on our ageLOC products and efforts to reduce other costs in our
supply chain, including freight costs.
Selling
expenses
Selling expenses decreased as a
percentage of revenue to 41.4% in 2009 from 42.4% in 2008. The
decrease as a percentage of revenue was due primarily to modifications to our
compensation plan to improve the alignment of our compensation plan incentives
around more productive distributor activity. In 2010, we plan to
begin including the costs of incentive trips and other rewards earned by
distributors in the selling expense category, which will result in these
expenses increasing slightly as a percentage of revenue in
2010. Previously, these expenses were recorded in general and
administrative expenses.
General and administrative
expenses
General and administrative expenses
decreased as a percentage of revenue to 28.4% in 2009 from 29.2% in 2008,
primarily as a result of increased revenue and our transformation to better
leverage our overhead costs as we grow our revenue. General and
administrative expenses were also positively impacted by our transformation
efforts to reduce our overhead and general and administration expenses in
Japan.
Restructuring
charges
During
2009, we recorded restructuring charges of $10.7 million primarily related to
transformation efforts in Japan designed to improve operational efficiencies and
align organizationally in Japan with how we are organized globally in our other
markets.
Other income (expense),
net
Other income (expense), net was
$6.6 million of expense in 2009 compared to $24.8 million of expense in
2008. Of this 2008 amount, approximately $18.4 million relates to
foreign currency transaction losses related to our yen-denominated debt as the
Japanese yen strengthened from 111.45 at December 31, 2007 to 90.73 at December
31, 2008. Because it is impossible to predict foreign currency
fluctuations, we cannot estimate the degree to which our other income expense
will be impacted in the future. Other income (expense), net also
includes approximately $6.9 million and $7.8 million in interest expense during
2009 and 2008, respectively.
Provision for income
taxes
Provision for income taxes increased to
$51.3 million in 2009 from $35.3 million in 2008. The effective tax rate
increased to 36.3% in 2009 from 35.1% of pre-tax income in 2008. The
higher income tax rate was due to a reduced benefit relating to the expiration
of the statute of limitations in 2009 compared to 2008.
Net
income
As a result of the foregoing factors,
net income increased to $89.8 million in 2009 from $65.3 million in
2008.
2008
Compared to 2007
Overview
Revenue in 2008 increased 8% to $1.25
billion from $1.16 billion in 2007, with foreign currency exchange fluctuations
positively impacting revenue by 3% in 2008 compared to 2007. Revenue
in 2008 was positively impacted by growth in South Korea, Europe, the United
States, and our South Asia markets. We also saw declines in our
business in Japan and China, which negatively impacted financial
results.
Earnings per share in 2008 increased to
$1.02 compared to $0.67 in 2007 on a diluted basis. The increase in earnings was
primarily a result of our transformation initiatives to improve operational
efficiencies as evidenced by the improvements in selling expenses and general
and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue and the increase in
revenue. Earnings per share in 2008 and 2007 were also impacted
by:
|
•
|
foreign
currency transaction losses in 2008 of approximately $11.9 million (net of
taxes of $6.5 million), or $.19 per share, as foreign currencies shifted
dramatically during the year;
|
|
•
|
restructuring
charges in 2007 totaling $12.6 million (net of taxes of $7.2 million), or
$0.20 per share, relating to our business transformation initiative to
reduce overhead expenses and streamline operations;
and
|
|
•
|
the
repurchase of approximately 4.1 million shares of our Class A common stock
in 2007.
|
North
Asia. The following table sets forth revenue for the North
Asia region and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japan
|
|
$ |
443.7 |
|
|
$ |
443.7 |
|
|
|
─ |
|
South
Korea
|
|
|
142.1 |
|
|
|
150.8 |
|
|
|
6% |
|
North
Asia
total
|
|
$ |
585.8 |
|
|
$ |
594.5 |
|
|
|
1% |
|
Foreign currency fluctuations
positively impacted revenue by 5% in this region compared to the prior-year
period. Currency fluctuations were most significant during the last
quarter of 2008, when the average Japanese yen rate strengthened 11% and the
average Korean won rate weakened by 28%. Our active and executive
distributor counts decreased 10% and 12%, respectively, in Japan in 2008
compared to 2007. In South Korea, our active and executive distributor counts
increased 19% and 13%, respectively, comparing 2008 to 2007.
Local currency revenue in Japan
declined 12% in 2008 compared to 2007. Weakness in our distributor
numbers in this market as evidenced by the declines in both active and executive
distributors contributed to this decline as well as the regulatory and industry
challenges discussed above. In response to this regulatory
environment and, as a result of increases in the number of complaints to
consumer centers regarding the activities of some of our distributors, we
increased our focus on distributor compliance and training. Some of
the actions we took to address activities of distributor groups that were having
higher levels of complaints contributed to the declines in our
revenue. We also engaged in less aggressive product promotions in
2008 than we had in 2007.
South Korea posted strong
year-over-year local currency revenue growth of 24%. This
growth was fueled by strong growth in our active and executive distributors and
successful product launches.
Americas. The
following table sets forth revenue for the Americas region and its principal
markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United
States
|
|
$ |
167.8 |
|
|
$ |
192.1 |
|
|
|
14% |
|
Canada
|
|
|
11.5 |
|
|
|
16.2 |
|
|
|
41% |
|
Latin
America
|
|
|
9.0 |
|
|
|
15.6 |
|
|
|
73% |
|
Americas
total
|
|
$ |
188.3 |
|
|
$ |
223.9 |
|
|
|
19% |
|
We experienced strong growth in the
United States particularly in the personal care brand. The revenue
growth was driven by interest in our Galvanic Spa System II as
well as complementary products such as Galvanic Spa Gels, Tru Face Essence Ultra and
Tru Face Line
Corrector, which provide highly demonstrable results and generate
significant consumer interest. In the fourth quarter, we launched our
ageLOC Galvanic Spa
Gels incorporating our innovative new ageLOC anti-aging
technology. Revenue in 2007 was positively impacted by approximately
$5.0 million as a result of product and convention fee revenue from foreign
distributors attending our biannual global convention in 2007. Active
distributors in the United States increased 4% and executive distributors
increased 8% compared to the prior-year period.
Revenue increased by 41% in Canada and
by 73% in Latin America in 2008 compared to 2007, respectively. The
growth in Latin America was largely due to our opening of operations in
Venezuela and strength in our Mexico market. Similar to the United States,
revenue growth in Canada and Latin America was driven by the strong sales in our
Nu Skin brand personal care products.
Greater
China. The following table sets forth revenue for the Greater
China region and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in millions):
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taiwan
|
|
$ |
93.0 |
|
|
$ |
92.3 |
|
|
|
(1%) |
|
China
|
|
|
66.5 |
|
|
|
65.3 |
|
|
|
(2%) |
|
Hong
Kong
|
|
|
45.5 |
|
|
|
52.4 |
|
|
|
15% |
|
Greater
China
total
|
|
$ |
205.0 |
|
|
$ |
210.0 |
|
|
|
2% |
|
Foreign currency exchange rate
fluctuations positively impacted revenue in the Greater China region by 5% in
2008. On a local currency basis, revenue in Mainland China decreased
10% in 2008 compared to 2007. Our revenue decline in Mainland China was
primarily the result of a 25% decline in our preferred customers compared to the
prior-year period and a 3% decline in the number of sales representatives.
Given the regulatory environment in China, we continued to be cautious in our
promotions and the sales activities of our sales representatives. At the
end of 2007, we also adjusted our store strategy to focus our business around
plaza stores in major cities, which resulted in the closure of nearly 70 of our
smaller stores in this market. In 2008, we opened new plaza stores in
Shanghai and Guangzhou as part of this strategy. Additionally, we
modified our business model to engage sales promoters under a service contract
as well as offer part-time employment. These business model changes were
made in order to allow us to provide a supplemental income opportunity to
individuals who may not be interested in working full-time in this business as
well as reduce our selling expenses, as the amount of social benefits, taxes and
unemployment charges under this model will be lower. While we believe that
these adjustments to our store strategy and business model may have had a small
negative impact on our revenue during the first part of the year as our sales
representatives and preferred customers adapted to them, they significantly
improved our profitability in this market during 2008 and 2009.
In the fourth quarter of 2008, we
introduced the Galvanic Spa
System II to a limited number of sales leaders in Mainland
China. The launch generated excitement among our sales force and
helped to improve our revenue trend, with revenue declining only 1% in the
fourth quarter.
Local currency revenue in Taiwan was
down 5% in 2008 compared to 2007. We believe that the decline in
Taiwan was primarily attributed to regulatory restrictions that currently
prevent us from marketing the Galvanic Spa System II in
this market and a softening of sales of our weight loss products. The
executive distributor count in Taiwan was up 3% compared to the prior-year
period, while the number of active distributors was down 13% when compared to
the prior-year period. Hong Kong local currency revenue was up 15% in
2008 compared to 2007, primarily as a result of the strength of our personal
care initiatives. Executive distributors in Hong Kong were down 5%
and the active distributors in Hong Kong were up 1% compared to
2007.
Europe. The
following table sets forth revenue for our Europe region (U.S. dollars in
millions):
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe
|
|
$ |
77.2 |
|
|
$ |
111.6 |
|
|
|
45% |
|
Foreign
currency exchange rate fluctuations positively impacted revenue in Europe by 9%
in 2008 compared to the prior year. On a local currency basis,
revenue in Europe grew by 36% in 2008 compared to 2007. The strong
growth in Europe was primarily a result of distributor enthusiasm and strong
interest in our Galvanic Spa
System II and personal care business, as well as strong growth in our
newer Eastern European markets. We believe that strong alignment of
distributor leaders behind our key initiatives, including the Galvanic Spa System II, has
helped contribute to the distributor excitement and revenue
growth. In 2008, we also expanded our operations into the Czech
Republic and South Africa. Our active and executive distributor
counts increased by 43% and 49%, respectively, in 2008 compared to
2007.
South
Asia/Pacific. The following table sets forth revenue for the
South Asia/Pacific region and its principal markets (U.S. dollars in
millions):
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Singapore/Malaysia/Brunei
|
|
$ |
39.3 |
|
|
$ |
43.8 |
|
|
|
11% |
|
Thailand
|
|
|
32.3 |
|
|
|
34.6 |
|
|
|
7% |
|
Australia/New
Zealand
|
|
|
15.8 |
|
|
|
13.3 |
|
|
|
(16%) |
|
Indonesia
|
|
|
8.8 |
|
|
|
8.9 |
|
|
|
1% |
|
Philippines
|
|
|
5.2 |
|
|
|
7.0 |
|
|
|
35% |
|
South
Asia/Pacific total
|
|
$ |
101.4 |
|
|
$ |
107.6 |
|
|
|
6% |
|
Foreign currency exchange rate
fluctuations positively impacted revenue in South Asia/Pacific by 1% in 2008
compared to the same prior-year period. All of the markets in this
region experienced growth except for Australia/New Zealand. The
growth was fueled in part by continued success of our TRA family of weight loss
products during the first part of the year and success of our Galvanic Spa System
II. The decline in Australia/New Zealand was largely related
to a transition away from Photomax, which has not
proven to be a strong, long-term business initiative for our distributors. Executive distributors
in the region increased 14% while active distributors increased 1% compared to
the prior year.
Gross
profit
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue
in 2008 decreased to 81.7% from 81.9% in 2007. The decrease was due
in part to a shift in our product mix as our Japan business, which historically
has our strongest gross margins, represented a smaller percentage of our overall
business. Gross margins were also impacted by the increase in sales of the Galvanic Spa System II, which
has a slightly lower margin.
Selling
expenses
Selling expenses decreased as a
percentage of revenue to 42.4% in 2008 from 42.9% in 2007. The slight decrease
as a percentage of revenue was due primarily to modifications to our
compensation plan as discussed above.
General and administrative
expenses
General and administrative expenses
decreased as a percentage of revenue to 29.2% in 2008 from 31.2% in
2007. The improvement relates to restructuring efforts to reduce
general and administrative levels and improve efficiencies.
Restructuring
charges
During
2007, we recorded restructuring charges of $19.8 million relating to our efforts
to simplify our operations in China and improve operational efficiencies in our
corporate offices and reduce investments in unprofitable
markets. Approximately $13.9 million of these charges related to
severance payments to terminated employees and approximately $5.9 million
related to leasehold terminations and expenses related to the closure of our
operations in Brazil in 2007.
Other income (expense),
net
Other income (expense), net was
$24.8 million of expense in 2008 compared to $2.4 million of expense in
2007. Of this amount, approximately $18.4 million relates to foreign
currency transaction losses related to our yen-denominated debt as the Japanese
yen strengthened from 111.45 at December 31, 2007 to 90.73 at December 31,
2008. In addition, we recorded foreign currency transaction losses
with respect to our intercompany receivables and payables with certain of our
international affiliates, including markets that are newly opened or have
remained in a loss position since inception. Generally, foreign
currency transaction losses with these affiliates would be offset by gains
related to the foreign currency transactions of our yen-based bank
debt. However, during 2008, the Japanese yen strengthened against the
U.S. dollar while most foreign currencies weakened against the U.S.
dollar. Other income (expense), net also includes approximately $7.8
million in interest expense during 2008.
Provision for income
taxes
Provision for income taxes increased to
$35.3 million in 2008 from $24.6 million in 2007. The effective tax rate
decreased to 35.1% from 35.9% of pre-tax income in 2007. The lower
tax rate was due primarily to the expiration of the statute of limitations in
certain tax jurisdictions. In connection with our reconciliation of
deferred tax asset and liability accounts at year end, we identified accounting
adjustments related to prior periods. These adjustments were included
in our provision for income taxes at 2007 year end and totaled approximately
$0.1 million.
Net
income
As a result of the foregoing factors,
net income increased to $65.3 million in 2008 from $43.9 million in
2007.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
Historically, our principal uses of
cash have included operating expenses, particularly selling expenses, and
working capital (principally inventory purchases), as well as capital
expenditures, stock repurchases, dividends, debt repayment, and the development
of operations in new markets. We have generally relied on cash flow
from operations to fund operating activities, and we have at times incurred
long-term debt in order to fund strategic transactions and stock
repurchases.
We typically generate positive cash
flow from operations due to favorable gross margins and the variable nature of
selling expenses, which constitute a significant percentage of operating
expenses. We generated $133.9 million in cash from operations in 2009
compared to $103.3 million in 2008. This increase in cash generated
from operations is primarily due to the increase in revenue in 2009 as well as
increased profitability from our restructuring efforts.
As of
December 31, 2009, working capital was $152.7 million compared to $124.0 million
as of December 31, 2008. Our working capital increased primarily due
to an increase in cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash
equivalents at December 31, 2009 were $158.0 million compared to $114.6 million
at December 31, 2008. The increase in cash was primarily the result
of the increase in our cash generated from operations in 2009.
Capital expenditures in 2009 totaled
$20.2 million, and we anticipate capital expenditures of approximately $30
million to $35 million for 2010. These capital expenditures are
primarily related to:
|
•
|
the
build-out and upgrade of leasehold improvements in our various markets,
including retail stores in China, as well as costs associated with
building a new innovation center on our Provo
campus.
|
|
•
|
the
build-out and upgrade of leasehold improvements in our various markets,
including retail stores in China, as well as costs associated with
building a new innovation center on our Provo
campus.
|
We
currently have debt pursuant to various credit facilities and other
borrowings. The following table summarizes these debt arrangements as
of December 31, 2009:
Facility
or Arrangement(1)
|
|
Original
Principal
Amount
|
|
Balance
as of December 31, 2009(2)
|
|
Interest
Rate
|
|
Repayment
terms
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000
Japanese yen-denominated notes
|
|
9.7
billion yen
|
|
1.4
billion yen ($14.9 million as of December 31, 2009)
|
|
|
3.0% |
|
Notes
due October 2010, with annual principal payments that began in October
2004.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 $205.0 million
multi-currency uncommitted shelf facility: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S.
dollar denominated:
|
|
$50.0
million
|
|
$10.0
million
|
|
|
4.5% |
|
Notes
due April 2010 with annual principal payments that began in April
2006.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$40.0
million
|
|
$40.0
million
|
|
|
6.2% |
|
Notes
due July 2016 with annual principal payments beginning July
2010.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$20.0
million
|
|
$20.0
million
|
|
|
6.2% |
|
Notes
due January 2017 with annual principal payments beginning January
2011.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japanese yen denominated:
|
|
3.1
billion yen
|
|
2.2
billion yen ($23.9 million as of December 31, 2009)
|
|
|
1.7% |
|
Notes
due April 2014, with annual principal payments that began in April
2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.3
billion yen
|
|
2.3
billion yen ($24.4 million as of December 31, 2009)
|
|
|
2.6% |
|
Notes
due September 2017, with annual principal payments beginning September
2011.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.2
billion yen
|
|
2.2
billion yen ($23.3 million as of December 31, 2009)
|
|
|
3.3% |
|
Notes
due January 2017, with annual principal payments beginning January
2011.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004
$25.0 million revolving credit facility
|
|
N/A
|
|
None
|
|
|
N/A |
|
Credit
facility expires May 2010.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009
$100.0 million uncommitted muliti-currency shelf facility |
|
N/A
|
|
None |
|
|
N/A |
|
|
(1)
|
Each
of the credit facilities and arrangements listed in the table are secured
by guarantees issued by our material domestic subsidiaries and by pledges
of 65% of the outstanding stock of our material foreign
subsidiaries.
|
(2)
|
The
current portion of our long-term debt (i.e. becoming due in the next 12
months) includes $14.9 million of the balance on our 2000 Japanese
yen-denominated notes, $4.8 million of the balance of our 2005 Japanese
yen-denominated notes and $15.7 million of the balance on our U.S. dollar
denominated debt under the 2003 multi-currency shelf
facility.
|
Our board of directors has approved a
stock repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase our outstanding shares of
Class A common stock on the open market or in private transactions. The
repurchases are used primarily for our equity incentive plans and strategic
initiatives. On November 2, 2007, our board of directors authorized an increase
of $100 million to our ongoing share repurchase authorization. During
the year ended December 31, 2009, we repurchased approximately 1.2 million
shares of Class A common stock under this program for an aggregate amount of
approximately $21.1 million. At December 31, 2009, approximately
$62.5 million was still available under the stock repurchase
program.
During each quarter of 2009, our board
of directors declared cash dividends of $0.115 per share on our Class A common
stock. These quarterly cash dividends totaled approximately $29.0
million and were paid during 2009 to stockholders of record in
2009. In February 2010, the board of directors declared a dividend to
be paid in March 2010 of $0.125 per share for Class A common
stock. Currently, we anticipate that our board of directors will
continue to declare quarterly cash dividends and that the cash flows from
operations will be sufficient to fund our future dividend
payments. However, the continued declaration of dividends is subject
to the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon various
factors, including our net earnings, financial condition, cash requirements,
future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by our board of
directors.
We believe we have
sufficient liquidity to be able to meet our obligations on both a short- and
long-term basis. We currently believe that existing cash balances,
future cash flows from operations and existing lines of credit will be adequate
to fund our cash needs on both a short- and long-term basis. The
majority of our historical expenses have been variable in nature and as such, a
potential reduction in the level of revenue would reduce our cash flow
needs. In the event that our current cash balances, future cash flow
from operations and current lines of credit are not sufficient to meet our
obligations or strategic needs, we would consider raising additional funds in
the debt or equity markets or restructuring our current debt
obligations. Additionally, we would consider realigning our strategic
plans, including a reduction in capital spending, stock repurchases or dividend
payments.
Contractual
Obligations and Contingencies
The
following table sets forth payments due by period for fixed contractual
obligations as of December 31, 2009 (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
|
Total
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2011-2012 |
|
|
2013-2014 |
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term
debt obligations
|
|
$ |
156,519 |
|
|
$ |
35,400 |
|
|
$ |
40,342 |
|
|
$ |
40,342 |
|
|
$ |
40,435 |
|
Capital
lease
obligations
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Operating
lease obligations(1)
|
|
|
63,266 |
|
|
|
18,617 |
|
|
|
25,804 |
|
|
|
18,337 |
|
|
|
508 |
|
Purchase
obligations
|
|
|
127,201 |
|
|
|
74,426 |
|
|
|
46,747 |
|
|
|
5,885 |
|
|
|
143 |
|
Other
long-term liabilities reflected
on the balance sheet(2)
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Total
|
|
$ |
346,986 |
|
|
$ |
128,443 |
|
|
$ |
112,893 |
|
|
$ |
64,564 |
|
|
$ |
41,086 |
|
(1)
|
Operating
leases include corporate office and warehouse space with two entities that
are owned by certain officers and directors of our company who are also
founding shareholders. Total payments under these leases were
$3.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 with remaining long-term
obligations under these leases of $6.6
million.
|
(2)
|
Other
long-term liabilities reflected on the balance sheet of $66.4 million
primarily consisting of long-term tax related balances, in which the
timing of the commitments is
uncertain.
|
Due to the international nature of our
business, we are subject from time to time to reviews and audits by the foreign
taxing authorities of the various jurisdictions in which we conduct business
throughout the world. As previously reported, we are currently
involved in litigation in Japan with the Ministry of Finance with respect to
additional customs assessments made by Yokohama Customs for the period of
October 2002 through July 2005. The aggregate amount of those assessments is yen
2.7 billion Japanese (approximately $29.0 million as of December 31, 2009), net
of any recovery of consumption taxes. We believe that the documentation and
legal analysis support our position and have taken action in the court system in
Japan to overturn these assessments. The litigation on this matter is ongoing
and we believe the court will likely decide this matter in the next year. If we
receive a decision that is unfavorable, we may appeal the decision, however, we
would likely be required to take a charge to our earnings for the amount
assessed.
In July 2005, we changed our operating
structure in Japan and believed that these changes would eliminate further
valuation disputes with Yokohama Customs as the new structure eliminated the
issues that were the basis of the litigation and valuation disputes. However, in
October 2009 we received notice from Yokohama Customs that they were assessing
additional duties, penalties and interest for the period of October 2006 through
November 2008 following an audit. The total amount of such assessments is yen
1.5 billion Japanese (approximately $17.5 million as of December 31, 2009), net
of any recovery of consumption taxes. The basis for such additional assessment
is different from, and unrelated to, the issues that are being litigated in the
current litigation with the Ministry of Finance. Following our review of the
assessments and after consulting with our legal and customs advisors, we
strongly believe that the additional assessments are improper and are not
supported by any legal or factual basis. We filed letters of protest with
Yokohama Customs, which were rejected. We plan to appeal the matter to the
Ministry of Finance in Japan. To the extent that we are unsuccessful in
recovering the amounts assessed and paid, we will be required to take a
corresponding charge to our earnings.
In addition, we are currently being
required to pay a higher rate of duties on all current imports, which we are
similarly disputing. Because we believe that the higher rate being assessed is
improper, we are currently planning on only expensing the portion of the duties
we believe is supported under applicable customs law, and recording the
additional payment as a receivable on our books.
Seasonality
and Cyclicality
In addition to general economic
factors, we are impacted by seasonal factors and trends such as major cultural
events and vacation patterns. For example, most Asian markets
celebrate their respective local New Year in the first quarter, which generally
has a negative impact on that quarter. We believe that direct selling
in Japan, the United States and Europe is also generally negatively impacted
during the third quarter, when many individuals, including our distributors,
traditionally take vacations.
We have experienced rapid revenue
growth in certain new markets following commencement of
operations. This initial rapid growth has often been followed by a
short period of stable or declining revenue, then followed by renewed growth
fueled by product introductions, an increase in the number of active
distributors and increased distributor productivity. The contraction
following initial rapid growth has been more pronounced in certain new markets,
due to other factors such as business or economic conditions or distributor
distractions outside the market.
Distributor
Information
The following table provides
information concerning the number of active and executive distributors as of the
dates indicated. Active distributors are those distributors and
preferred customers who were resident in the countries in which we operated and
purchased products for resale or personal consumption directly from us during
the three months ended as of the date indicated. Executive
distributors are active distributors who have achieved required monthly personal
and group sales volumes as well as sales representatives in China who have
completed a qualification process.
|
As
of December 31, 2007
|
|
As
of December 31, 2008
|
|
As
of December 31, 2009
|
|
Active
|
|
Executive
|
|
Active
|
|
Executive
|
|
Active
|
|
Executive
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
North
Asia
|
335,000
|
|
14,845
|
|
326,000
|
|
13,937
|
|
319,000
|
|
14,144
|
Americas
|
158,000
|
|
4,588
|
|
171,000
|
|
4,876
|
|
171,000
|
|
5,522
|
Greater
China
|
138,000
|
|
6,389
|
|
115,000
|
|
6,323
|
|
106,000
|
|
6,938
|
Europe
|
59,000
|
|
1,957
|
|
83,000
|
|
2,911
|
|
94,000
|
|
3,385
|
South
Asia/Pacific
|
65,000
|
|
2,223
|
|
66,000
|
|
2,541
|
|
71,000
|
|
2,950
|
Total
|
755,000
|
|
30,002
|
|
761,000
|
|
30,588
|
|
761,000
|
|
32,939
|
Quarterly
Results
The following table sets forth selected
unaudited quarterly data for the periods shown (U.S. dollars in millions, except
per share amounts):
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
1st
Quarter
|
|
|
2nd
Quarter
|
|
|
3rd
Quarter
|
|
|
4th
Quarter
|
|
|
1st
Quarter
|
|
|
2nd
Quarter
|
|
|
3rd
Quarter
|
|
|
4th
Quarter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
$ |
298.1 |
|
|
$ |
321.7 |
|
|
$ |
310.3 |
|
|
$ |
317.6 |
|
|
$ |
296.2 |
|
|
$ |
322.6 |
|
|
$ |
334.2 |
|
|
$ |
378.1 |
|
Gross
profit
|
|
|
243.9 |
|
|
|
262.4 |
|
|
|
253.3 |
|
|
|
259.4 |
|
|
|
242.4 |
|
|
|
261.9 |
|
|
|
272.1 |
|
|
|
311.0 |
|
Operating
income
|
|
|
27.4 |
|
|
|
28.9 |
|
|
|
30.3 |
|
|
|
38.8 |
|
|
|
20.2 |
|
|
|
34.4 |
|
|
|
40.9 |
|
|
|
52.2 |
|
Net
income
|
|
|
13.5 |
|
|
|
20.6 |
|
|
|
16.8 |
|
|
|
14.5 |
|
|
|
11.8 |
|
|
|
22.1 |
|
|
|
25.6 |
|
|
|
30.3 |
|
Net
income per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
0.21 |
|
|
|
0.32 |
|
|
|
0.26 |
|
|
|
0.23 |
|
|
|
0.19 |
|
|
|
0.35 |
|
|
|
0.41 |
|
|
|
0.48 |
|
Diluted
|
|
|
0.21 |
|
|
|
0.32 |
|
|
|
0.26 |
|
|
|
0.23 |
|
|
|
0.19 |
|
|
|
0.35 |
|
|
|
0.40 |
|
|
|
0.47 |
|
Recent
Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2009, the Financial Accounting
Standards Board (the "FASB") voted to approve the FASB Accounting Standards
Codification ("Codification") as the single source of authoritative
nongovernmental U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The Codification
was effective for us commencing July 1, 2009. The FASB Codification does not
change U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, but combines all
authoritative standards into a comprehensive online database.
Effective January 1, 2009, we
adopted the fair value measurement provisions as required by the Fair Value
Measurements and Disclosures Topic of Codification, as it relates to
non-recurring, nonfinancial assets and liabilities. The adoption of these
provisions did not have an impact on our Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Effective
January 1, 2009, we adopted the provisions relating to the accounting for
business combinations as required by the Business Combinations Topic of the
Codification. These provisions will impact our financial statements both on the
acquisition date and in subsequent periods and will be applied prospectively.
The impact of adopting these provisions will depend on the nature and terms of
future acquisitions.
Effective January 1, 2009, we
adopted the provisions for the accounting and reporting of noncontrolling
interests in a subsidiary in consolidated financial statements as required by
the Consolidations Topic of the Codification. These provisions recharacterize
minority interests as noncontrolling interests and require noncontrolling
interests to be classified as a component of shareholders’ equity. These
provisions require retroactive adoption of the presentation and disclosure
requirements for existing minority interests. The adoption of these provisions
had no impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial
condition.
Effective
January 1, 2009, we adopted enhanced disclosures about how and why we use
derivative instruments, how they are accounted for, and how they affect our
financial performance as required by the Derivatives and Hedging Topic of the
Codification. The enhanced disclosures had no impact on our financial condition,
results of operations or cash flows.
Effective
June 30, 2009, we adopted the subsequent event provisions of the
Codification. These provisions provide guidance on management’s assessment of
subsequent events. The adoption of these provisions did not have an impact on
our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Currency
Risk and Exchange Rate Information
A majority of our revenue and many of
our expenses are recognized outside of the United States, except for inventory
purchases, which are primarily transacted in U.S. dollars from vendors in the
United States. The local currency of each of our Subsidiaries’
primary markets is considered the functional currency. All revenue
and expenses are translated at weighted-average exchange rates for the periods
reported. Therefore, our reported revenue and earnings will be
positively impacted by a weakening of the U.S. dollar and will be negatively
impacted by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar. Given the large
portion of our business derived from Japan, any weakening of the yen negatively
impacts reported revenue and profits, whereas a strengthening of the yen
positively impacts our reported revenue and profits. Given the
uncertainty of exchange rate fluctuations, it is difficult to predict the effect
of these fluctuations on our future business, product pricing and results of
operation or financial condition. However, based on current exchange rate
levels, we currently anticipate that foreign currency fluctuations will have a
negative impact on reported revenue in 2010.
We may seek to reduce our exposure to
fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates through the use of foreign
currency exchange contracts, through intercompany loans of foreign currency and
through our Japanese yen-denominated debt. We do not use derivative
financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We
regularly monitor our foreign currency risks and periodically take measures to
reduce the impact of foreign exchange fluctuations on our operating
results. At December 31, 2009, we held forward contracts designated
as foreign currency cash flow hedges with notional amounts totaling
approximately $3.0 million to hedge forecasted foreign-currency-denominated
intercompany transactions. At December 31, 2008, we did not hold any
forward contracts designated as foreign currency cash flow hedges.
Following
are the weighted-average currency exchange rates of U.S. $1 into local currency
for each of our international or foreign markets in which revenue exceeded U.S.
$5.0 million for at least one of the quarters listed:
|
|
2008
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
1st
Quarter
|
|
2nd
Quarter
|
|
3rd
Quarter
|
|
4th
Quarter
|
|
1st
Quarter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japan(1)
|
|
|
105.0 |
|
|
104.6 |
|
|
107.6 |
|
|
95.7 |
|
93.6 |
|
|
97.3 |
|
|
93.5 |
|
|
89.9 |
Taiwan.
|
|
|
31.5 |
|
|
30.4 |
|
|
31.2 |
|
|
33.0 |
|
34.0 |
|
|
33.1 |
|
|
32.8 |
|
|
32.3 |
Hong
Kong
|
|
|
7.8 |
|
|
7.8 |
|
|
7.8 |
|
|
7.8 |
|
7.8 |
|
|
7.8 |
|
|
7.8 |
|
|
7.8 |
South
Korea
|
|
|
956.4 |
|
|
1,017.3 |
|
|
1,063.1 |
|
|
1,360.6 |
|
1,418.4 |
|
|
1,282.8 |
|
|
1,237.3 |
|
|
1,167.4 |
Malaysia
|
|
|
3.2 |
|
|
3.2 |
|
|
3.3 |
|
|
3.6 |
|
3.6 |
|
|
3.5 |
|
|
3.5 |
|
|
3.4 |
Thailand
|
|
|
31.0 |
|
|
32.3 |
|
|
33.9 |
|
|
34.9 |
|
35.3 |
|
|
34.7 |
|
|
34.0 |
|
|
33.3 |
China
|
|
|
7.2 |
|
|
7.0 |
|
|
6.8 |
|
|
6.8 |
|
6.8 |
|
|
6.8 |
|
|
6.8 |
|
|
6.8 |
Singapore
|
|
|
1.4 |
|
|
1.4 |
|
|
1.4 |
|
|
1.5 |
|
1.5 |
|
|
1.5 |
|
|
1.4 |
|
|
1.4 |
Canada
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
1.2 |
|
1.2 |
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
1.1 |
(1)
|
As
of February 12, 2010, the exchange rate of U.S. $1 into the Japanese yen
was approximately 89.99.
|
Note
Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
With the
exception of historical facts, the statements contained in Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are
“forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities
Litigation Reform Act of 1995 which reflect our current expectations and beliefs
regarding our future results of operations, performance and
achievements. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties
and are based upon assumptions and beliefs that may not
materialize. These forward-looking statements include, but are not
limited to, statements concerning:
|
•
|
our
plans and expectations regarding our initiatives, strategies, development
and launch of new products, and other innovation efforts;
|
|
•
|
our
expectations and beliefs regarding government regulations of our
industry and our ability to comply with such
regulations;
|
|
•
|
our
expectations and beliefs regarding our distributors and our compensation
plan; and
|
|
•
|
our
expectation that we will spend approximately $30 million to $35 million
for capital expenditures during
2010;
|
|
•
|
our
expectation and plans regarding
conventions;
|
|
•
|
our
expectations regarding gross profit and selling
expenses;
|
|
•
|
our
anticipation that our board of directors will continue to declare
quarterly cash dividends and that the cash flows from operations will be
sufficient to fund our future dividend
payments;
|
|
•
|
our
belief that we have appropriately provided for income taxes for all
years;
|
|
•
|
our
belief that we have sufficient liquidity to be able to meet our
obligations on both a short- and long-term basis and that existing cash
balances together with future cash flows from operations and existing
lines of credit will be adequate to fund our cash needs;
and
|
|
•
|
our
beliefs regarding our Japan customs matter;
and
|
|
•
|
our
expectations regarding the effect of foreign currency
fluctuations.
|
In
addition, when used in this report, the words or phrases “will likely result,”
“expect,” “anticipate,” “will continue,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe” and similar
expressions are intended to help identify forward-looking
statements.
We wish to caution readers that our
operating results are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could
cause our actual results and outcomes to differ materially from those discussed
or anticipated. Reference is made to the risks and uncertainties
described below and factors described herein in “Item 1A. - Risk Factors”
(which contains a more detailed discussion of the risks and uncertainties
related to our business). We also wish to advise readers not to place
any undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this report,
which reflect our beliefs and expectations only as of the date of this
report. We assume no obligation to update or revise these
forward-looking statements to reflect new events or circumstances or any changes
in our beliefs or expectations, except as required by law. Some of
the risks and uncertainties that might cause actual results to differ from those
anticipated include, but are not limited to, the following:
(a)
Global economic conditions continue to be challenging. Although there
are signs of economic recovery, it is not possible for us to predict the extent
and timing of any improvement in global economic conditions. Even
with continued growth in many of our markets during this period, the economic
downturn could adversely impact our business in the future by causing a decline
in demand for our products, particularly if the economic conditions are
prolonged or worsen. In addition, such economic conditions may adversely impact
access to capital for us and our suppliers, may decrease our distributors'
ability to obtain or maintain credit cards, and may otherwise adversely impact
our operations and overall financial condition.
(b) Due
to the international nature of our business, we are exposed to the fluctuations
of numerous currencies. We purchase inventory primarily in the United States in
U.S. dollars. In preparing our financial statements, we translate revenue and
expenses in our markets outside the United States from their local currencies
into U.S. dollars using weighted average exchange rates. Our results could be
negatively impacted if the U.S. dollar strengthens relative to these
currencies.
(c) We
have experienced revenue declines in Japan over the last several years and
continue to face challenges in this market. If we are unable to renew growth in
this market our results could be harmed. Factors that could impact our results
in the market include:
•
|
continued
or increased levels of regulatory and media scrutiny and any regulatory
actions taken by regulators, or any adoption of more restrictive
regulations, in response to such
scrutiny;
|
•
|
any
weakening of the Japanese yen;
|
•
|
regulatory
constraints with respect to the claims we can make regarding the efficacy
of products and tools, which could limit our ability to effectively market
them;
|
•
|
risks
that the new initiatives we are implementing in Japan, which are patterned
after successful initiatives implemented in other markets, will not have
the same level of success in Japan, may not generate renewed growth or
increased productivity among our distributors, and may cost more or
require more time to implement than we have
anticipated;
|
•
|
inappropriate
activities by our distributors and any resulting regulatory
actions;
|
•
|
any
weakness in the economy or consumer confidence;
and
|
•
|
increased
competitive pressures from other direct selling companies and their
distributors who actively seek to solicit our distributors to join their
businesses.
|
(d)
Distributor activities that violate applicable laws or regulations could result
in government or third party actions against us. We continue to experience
a high level of general inquiries regarding our company and complaints to
consumer protection centers in Japan and have taken steps to try to resolve
these issues including providing additional training to our distributors and
restructuring our compliance group in Japan. We have seen improvements in
some prefectures, but not in others. In 2009, we received one written and
one oral warning from Consumer Centers in two prefectures raising concerns
about our distributor training and number of general inquiries and
complaints. We are implementing additional steps to reinforce our
distributor education and training in Japan to help address these
concerns. Japan is currently implementing a national organization
of consumer protection centers, which may increase scrutiny of our business and
industry.
(e) Our
operations in China are subject to significant regulatory scrutiny, and we have
experienced challenges in the past, including interruption of sales activities
at certain stores and fines being paid in some cases. Even though we have
obtained direct selling licenses in a limited number of provinces, government
regulators continue to scrutinize our activities and the activities of our
employed sales representatives, contractual sales promoters and direct sellers
to monitor our compliance with applicable regulations as we integrate direct
selling into our business model. Any determination that our operations or
activities, or the activities of our employed sales representatives, contractual
sales promoters or direct sellers, are not in compliance with applicable
regulations, could result in the imposition of substantial fines, extended
interruptions of business, termination of necessary licenses and permits,
including our direct selling licenses, or restrictions on our ability to open
new stores or obtain approvals for service centers or expand into new locations,
all of which could harm our business.
(f) The
direct selling regulations in China are restrictive and there continues to be
some confusion and uncertainty as to the meaning of the regulations and the
specific types of restrictions and requirements imposed under them. It is also
difficult to predict how regulators will interpret and enforce these
regulations. Our business and our growth prospects may be harmed if Chinese
regulators interpret the anti-pyramiding regulations or direct selling
regulations in such a manner that our current method of conducting business
through the use of employed sales representatives, contractual sales promoters
and direct sellers violates these regulations. In particular, our business would
be harmed by any determination that our current method of compensating our
employed sales representatives and contractual sales promoters, including our
use of the sales productivity of an individual and the group of individuals whom
he or she trains and supervises in establishing salary and compensation,
violates the restriction on multi-level compensation under the rules. Our
business could also be harmed if regulators inhibit our ability to concurrently
operate our business model, which includes retail stores, employed sales
representatives, contractual sales promoters and direct sellers.
(g) Our
ability to retain key and executive level distributors or to sponsor new
executive distributors is critical to our success. Because our products are
distributed exclusively through our distributors and we compete with other
direct selling companies in attracting distributors, our operating results could
be adversely affected if our existing and new business opportunities and
incentives, products, business tools and other initiatives do not generate
sufficient enthusiasm and economic incentive to retain our existing distributors
or to sponsor new distributors on a sustained basis. In addition, in our more
mature markets, one of the challenges we face is keeping distributor leaders
with established businesses and high income levels motivated and actively
engaged in business building activities and in developing new distributor
leaders. There can be no assurance that our initiatives will continue to
generate excitement among our distributors in the long-term or that planned
initiatives will be successful in maintaining distributor activity and
productivity or in motivating distributor leaders to remain engaged in business
building and developing new distributor leaders.
(h) There
have been a series of third party actions and governmental actions involving
some of our competitors in the direct selling industry. These actions have
generated negative publicity for the industry and likely have resulted in
increased regulatory scrutiny of other companies in the industry. In addition,
we have received notice from Belgium authorities claiming we have violated the
anti-pyramid regulations in that market. Adverse rulings in any of these cases
could harm our business if they create adverse publicity or interpret laws in a
manner inconsistent with our current business practices.
(i) We
recently implemented compensation plan modifications in most of our
markets. Although initial results of these modifications have been
generally positive, the size of our distributor force and the complexity of our
compensation plans make it difficult to predict whether such changes will
achieve their desired long-term results. There are risks that the
compensation plan modifications will not be well received or achieve desired
long-term results and that the transition could have a negative impact on
revenue. If our distributors fail to adapt to these changes or find them
unattractive, our business could be harmed.
(j) The
network marketing and nutritional supplement industries are subject to various
laws and regulations throughout our markets, many of which involve a high level
of subjectivity and are inherently fact-based and subject to interpretation.
Negative publicity concerning supplements with controversial ingredients has
spurred efforts to change existing regulations or adopt new regulations in order
to impose further restrictions and regulatory control over the nutritional
supplement industry. If our existing business practices or products, or any new
initiatives or products, are challenged or found to contravene any of these laws
by any governmental agency or other third party, or if there are any new
regulations applicable to our business that limit our ability to market such
products or impose additional requirements on us, our revenue and profitability
may be harmed.
(k) Our
revenue was negatively impacted in 2003 by the SARS epidemic that hit Asia
during that year. More recently, human cases of H1N1 flu, originating in Latin
America, have been identified as potential global health risks. It is difficult
to predict the impact on our business, if any, of a recurrence of SARS, or the
emergence of new epidemics, such as avian flu or H1N1 flu. Although such events
could generate increased sales of health and immune supplements and certain
personal care products, our direct selling and retail activities and results of
operations could be harmed if the fear of any communicable and rapidly spreading
disease results in travel restrictions or causes people to avoid group meetings
or gatherings or interaction with other people. In addition, most of
our Pharmanex nutritional supplement revenue is generated from products that are
encapsulated in bovine- and/or porcine-sourced gel capsules. If we experience
production difficulties, quality control problems, or shortages in supply in
connection with bovine or porcine related health concerns, this could result in
additional risk of product shortages or write-offs of inventory that no longer
can be used. In addition, we may be unable to introduce our products
in some markets if we are unable to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals or
if any product ingredients are prohibited, which could harm our
business.
(l)
Production difficulties and quality control problems could harm our business, in
particular our reliance on third party suppliers to deliver quality products in
a timely manner. Occasionally, we have experienced production difficulties with
respect to our products, including the delivery of products that do not meet our
quality control standards. These quality problems have resulted in the past, and
could result in the future, in stock outages or shortages in our markets with
respect to such products, harming our sales and creating inventory write-offs
for unusable products. We recently experienced unprecedented demand for our
limited offering of our new ageLOC Transformation skin
care system. In addition this is the first time that we are launching a product
globally on such a condensed launch schedule, which has added increased pressure
on our supply chain. If we are not able to accurately forecast sales levels on a
market by market basis, or are unable to produce a sufficient supply to meet
such demand globally, we could have stockouts which could negatively impact
enthusiasm of our distributors.
(m)
Historically, most of our products have been imported from the United States
into the countries in which they are ultimately sold. These countries impose
various legal restrictions on imports and typically impose duties on our
products. We may be subject to prospective or retrospective increases in duties
on our products imported into our markets outside of the United States, which
could adversely impact our results. We recently received a new assessment from
Yokohama Customs in Japan as described above under the heading “Contractual
Obligations and Contingencies”. If we are not able to resolve this
assessment or if we lose the litigation with respect to our previous assessment,
we will be required to take a large charge to earnings. In addition, our current
duty rates in Japan would lower our gross margins.
|
QUANTITATIVE AND
QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET
RISK
|
The information required by Item 7A of
Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference from the information contained in
Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operation - Currency Risk and Exchange Rate Information” and Note
15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
ITEM
8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
1.
|
Financial
Statements. Set forth below is the index to the
Financial Statements included in this Item
8:
|
|
|
Page
|
Consolidated
Balance Sheets at December 31, 2008 and 2009
|
|
72
|
|
|
|
Consolidated
Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and
2009
|
|
73
|
|
|
|
Consolidated
Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income for the years
ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and
2009
|
|
75
|
|
|
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
76
|
|
|
|
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
|
101
|
|
2.
|
Financial Statement
Schedules: Financial statement schedules have been
omitted because they are not required or are not applicable, or because
the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes
thereto.
|
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
(U.S.
dollars in thousands)
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
|
$ |
114,586 |
|
|
$ |
158,045 |
|
Accounts
receivable
|
|
|
16,496 |
|
|
|
22,513 |
|
Inventories,
net
|
|
|
114,378 |
|
|
|
105,661 |
|
Prepaid
expenses and other
|
|
|
44,944 |
|
|
|
51,724 |
|
|
|
|
290,404 |
|
|
|
337,943 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property
and equipment, net
|
|
|
82,336 |
|
|
|
79,356 |
|
Goodwill
|
|
|
112,446 |
|
|
|
112,446 |
|
Other
intangible assets, net
|
|
|
87,888 |
|
|
|
81,968 |
|
Other
assets
|
|
|
136,698 |
|
|
|
136,736 |
|
Total
assets
|
|
$ |
709,772 |
|
|
$ |
748,449 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
$ |
20,378 |
|
|
$ |
25,292 |
|
Accrued
expenses
|
|
|
115,794 |
|
|
|
124,520 |
|
Current
portion of long-term debt
|
|
|
30,196 |
|
|
|
35,400 |
|
|
|
|
166,368 |
|
|
|
185,212 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term
debt
|
|
|
158,760 |
|
|
|
121,119 |
|
Other
liabilities
|
|
|
68,464 |
|
|
|
66,431 |
|
Total
liabilities
|
|
|
393,592 |
|
|
|
372,762 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments
and contingencies (Notes 9 and 19)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders’
equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class A common stock – 500
million shares authorized,
$.001
par value, 90.6 million shares issued
|
|
|
91 |
|
|
|
91 |
|
Additional
paid-in capital
|
|
|
218,928 |
|
|
|
232,219 |
|
Treasury
stock, at cost – 27.2 and 27.8 million shares
|
|
|
(417,017 |
) |
|
|
(433,567 |
) |
Accumulated
other comprehensive loss
|
|
|
(70,061 |
) |
|
|
(68,134 |
) |
Retained
earnings
|
|
|
584,239 |
|
|
|
645,078 |
|
|
|
|
316,180 |
|
|
|
375,687 |
|
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
|
|
$ |
709,772 |
|
|
$ |
748,449 |
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Consolidated
Statements of Income
(U.S.
dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
|
|
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
$ |
1,157,667 |
|
|
$ |
1,247,646 |
|
$ |
1,331,058 |
|
Cost
of sales
|
|
|
209,283 |
|
|
|
228,597 |
|
|
243,648 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross
profit
|
|
|
948,384 |
|
|
|
1,019,049 |
|
|
1,087,410 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling
expenses
|
|
|
496,454 |
|
|
|
529,368 |
|
|
550,637 |
|
General
and administrative expenses
|
|
|
361,242 |
|
|
|
364,253 |
|
|
378,336 |
|
Restructuring
charges
|
|
|
19,775 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
10,724 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
operating expenses
|
|
|
877,471 |
|
|
|
893,621 |
|
|
939,697 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
income
|
|
|
70,913 |
|
|
|
125,428 |
|
|
147,713 |
|
Other
income (expense), net (Note 22)
|
|
|
(2,435 |
) |
|
|
(24,775 |
) |
|
(6,589 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income
before provision for income taxes
|
|
|
68,478 |
|
|
|
100,653 |
|
|
141,124 |
|
Provision
for income taxes
|
|
|
24,606 |
|
|
|
35,306 |
|
|
51,279 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
income
|
|
$ |
43,872 |
|
|
$ |
65,347 |
|
$ |
89,845 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
income per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$ |
0.68 |
|
|
$ |
1.03 |
|
$ |
1.42 |
|
Diluted
|
|
$ |
0.67 |
|
|
$ |
1.02 |
|
$ |
1.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average
common shares outstanding (000s):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
64,783 |
|
|
|
63,510 |
|
|
63,333 |
|
Diluted
|
|
|
65,584 |
|
|
|
64,132 |
|
|
64,296 |
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Consolidated
Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income
(U.S.
dollars in thousands)
|
Class
A Common Stock
|
|
Additional
Paid-in Capital
|
|
Treasury
Stock
|
|
Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Loss
|
|
Retained
Earnings
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
at January 1, 2007
|
$ |
91 |
|
$ |
199,322 |
|
$ |
(346,889 |
) |
$ |
(65,107 |
) |
$ |
531,563 |
|
$ |
318,980 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive
income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
43,872 |
|
|
43,872 |
|
Foreign currency translation
adjustment
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(2,236 |
) |
|
— |
|
|
(2,236 |
) |
Net unrealized losses on
foreign currency cash flow hedges
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(152 |
) |
|
— |
|
|
(152 |
) |
Less: Reclassification adjustment for realized
gains in current earnings
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(264 |
) |
|
— |
|
|
(264 |
) |
Total comprehensive
income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
41,220 |
|
Repurchase
of Class A common stock (Note 10)
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(71,100 |
) |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(71,100 |
) |
Exercise
of employee stock options (593,000 shares)/vesting of stock
awards
|
|
— |
|
|
1,717 |
|
|
4,013 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
5,730 |
|
Excess
tax benefit from equity awards
|
|
— |
|
|
1,770 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,770 |
|
Stock-based
compensation
|
|
— |
|
|
8,129 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
8,129 |
|
Adoption
of FIN 48
|
|
— |
|
|
(1,117 |
) |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(1,458 |
) |
|
(2,575 |
) |
Cash
dividends
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(27,145 |
) |
|
(27,145 |
) |
Balance
at December 31, 2007
|
|
91 |
|
|
209,821 |
|
|
(413,976 |
) |
|
(67,759 |
) |
|
546,832 |
|
|
275,009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive
income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
65,347 |
|
|
65,347 |
|
Foreign currency translation
adjustment
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(2,302 |
) |
|
— |
|
|
(2,302 |
) |
Total comprehensive
income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
63,045 |
|
Repurchase
of Class A common stock (Note 10)
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(6,093 |
) |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(6,093 |
) |
Exercise
of employee stock options (401,000)
|
|
— |
|
|
772 |
|
|
3,052 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
3,824 |
|
Excess
tax benefit from equity awards
|
|
— |
|
|
1,062 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,062 |
|
Stock-based
compensation
|
|
— |
|
|
7,273 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
7,273 |
|
Cash
dividends
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(27,940 |
) |
|
(27,940 |
) |
Balance
at December 31, 2008
|
|
91 |
|
|
218,928 |
|
|
(417,017 |
) |
|
(70,061 |
) |
|
584,239 |
|
|
316,180 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive
income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
89,845 |
|
|
89,845 |
|
Foreign currency translation
adjustment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,830 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,830 |
|
Net unrealized gains on foreign
currency cash flow
hedges
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
97 |
|
|
— |
|
|
97 |
|
Total comprehensive
income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
91,772 |
|
Repurchase
of Class A common stock (Note 10)
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(21,144 |
) |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(21,144 |
) |
Exercise
of employee stock options (614,000)/vesting of
stock awards
|
|
— |
|
|
1,633 |
|
|
4,594 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
6,227 |
|
Excess
tax benefit from equity awards
|
|
— |
|
|
1,669 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,669 |
|
Stock-based
compensation
|
|
— |
|
|
9,989 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
9,989 |
|
Cash
dividends
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
(29,006 |
) |
|
(29,006 |
) |
Balance
at December 31, 2009
|
$ |
91 |
|
$ |
232,219 |
|
$ |
(433,567 |
) |
$ |
(68,134 |
) |
$ |
645,078 |
|
$ |
375,687 |
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows
(U.S.
dollars in thousands)
|
|
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
Cash
flows from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$ |
43,872 |
|
|
$ |
65,347 |
|
|
$ |
89,845 |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net
income to net cash provided
by
operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation
and amortization
|
|
|
32,967 |
|
|
|
30,393 |
|
|
|
28,557 |
|
Foreign
currency (gains)/losses
|
|
|
(4,471 |
) |
|
|
18,409 |
|
|
|
(1,966 |
) |
Stock-based
compensation
|
|
|
8,129 |
|
|
|
7,273 |
|
|
|
9,989 |
|
Deferred taxes
|
|
|
13,774 |
|
|
|
(4,078 |
) |
|
|
12,350 |
|
Changes
in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
receivable
|
|
|
(2,647 |
) |
|
|
7,069 |
|
|
|
(7,043 |
) |
Inventories,
net
|
|
|
(12,312 |
) |
|
|
(14,910 |
) |
|
|
9,740 |
|
Prepaid
expenses and other
|
|
|
(1,989 |
) |
|
|
4,260 |
|
|
|
(3,850 |
) |
Other
assets
|
|
|
(14,441 |
) |
|
|
1,699 |
|
|
|
(18,690 |
) |
Accounts payable
|
|
|
2,956 |
|
|
|
(6,139 |
) |
|
|
3,602 |
|
Accrued expenses
|
|
|
(8,641 |
) |
|
|
(3,250 |
) |
|
|
8,598 |
|
Other liabilities
|
|
|
(8,544 |
) |
|
|
(2,766 |
) |
|
|
2,812 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating
activities
|
|
|
48,653 |
|
|
|
103,307 |
|
|
|
133,944 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase of property and
equipment
|
|
|
(22,736 |
) |
|
|
(16,007 |
) |
|
|
(20,215 |
) |
Proceeds on investment
sales
|
|
|
131,525 |
|
|
|
19,135 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Purchases of
investments
|
|
|
(136,750 |
) |
|
|
(13,910 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing
activities
|
|
|
(27,961 |
) |
|
|
(10,782 |
) |
|
|
(20,215 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
flows from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payment
of cash dividends
|
|
|
(27,145 |
) |
|
|
(27,940 |
) |
|
|
(29,006 |
) |
Repurchase
of shares of common stock
|
|
|
(71,100 |
) |
|
|
(6,094 |
) |
|
|
(21,144 |
) |
Exercise
of distributor and employee stock options
|
|
|
5,731 |
|
|
|
3,824 |
|
|
|
6,227 |
|
Income
tax benefit of options exercised
|
|
|
1,770 |
|
|
|
227 |
|
|
|
1,101 |
|
Payments
on long-term debt
|
|
|
(31,733 |
) |
|
|
(32,711 |
) |
|
|
(30,188 |
) |
Proceeds
from long-term debt
|
|
|
64,845 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in financing
activities
|
|
|
(57,632 |
) |
|
|
(62,694 |
) |
|
|
(73,010 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect
of exchange rate changes on cash
|
|
|
2,914 |
|
|
|
(2,572 |
) |
|
|
2,740 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
(34,026 |
) |
|
|
27,259 |
|
|
|
43,459 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents, beginning of period
|
|
|
121,353 |
|
|
|
87,327 |
|
|
|
114,586 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents, end of period
|
|
$ |
87,327 |
|
|
$ |
114,586 |
|
|
$ |
158,045 |
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
1. The
Company
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. (the
“Company”) is a leading, global direct selling company that develops and
distributes premium-quality, innovative personal care products and nutritional
supplements that are sold worldwide under the Nu Skin and Pharmanex brands and a
small number of other products and services. The Company reports
revenue from five geographic regions: North Asia, which consists of
Japan and South Korea; Americas, which consists of the United States, Canada and
Latin America; Greater China, which consists of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau
and Taiwan; Europe, which consists of several markets in Europe as well as
Israel, Russia and South Africa; and South Asia/Pacific, which consists of
Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore
and Thailand (the Company’s subsidiaries operating in these countries are
collectively referred to as the “Subsidiaries”).
2. Summary
of Significant Accounting Policies
Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements
include the accounts of the Company and the Subsidiaries. All
significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in
consolidation.
Use
of estimates
The preparation of these financial
statements, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America, required management to make estimates and assumptions
that affected the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements and
the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting
period.
Cash
and cash equivalents
Cash equivalents are short-term, highly
liquid instruments with original maturities of 90 days or less.
Inventories
Inventories consist primarily of
merchandise purchased for resale and are stated at the lower of cost or market,
using the first-in, first-out method. The Company had reserves for
obsolete inventory totaling $5.8
million and $6.4 million as of December 31, 2008 and 2009,
respectively.
Inventories consist of the following
(U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Raw
materials
|
|
$ |
33,182 |
|
|
$ |
31,557 |
|
Finished
goods
|
|
|
81,196 |
|
|
|
74,104 |
|
|
|
$ |
114,378 |
|
|
$ |
105,661 |
|
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
Property
and equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at
cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the following estimated
useful lives:
|
Furniture
and fixtures
|
|
5 -
7 years
|
|
|
Computers
and equipment
|
|
3
- 5 years
|
|
|
Leasehold
improvements
|
|
Shorter
of estimated useful life or lease term
|
|
|
Scanners
|
|
3
years
|
|
|
Vehicles
|
|
3 -
5 years
|
|
Expenditures for maintenance and
repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When an asset is sold or
otherwise disposed of, the cost and associated accumulated depreciation are
removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is recognized in the
statement of income. Property and equipment are reviewed for
impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the
carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. An impairment
loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair
value.
Goodwill
and other intangible assets
Acquired
intangible assets may represent indefinite-lived assets, determinable-lived
intangibles, or goodwill. Of these, only the costs of determinable-lived
intangibles are amortized to expense over their estimated life. The value of
indefinite-lived intangible assets and residual goodwill is not amortized, but
is tested at least annually for impairment. Our impairment testing for goodwill
is performed separately from our impairment testing of indefinite-lived
intangibles. We test goodwill for impairment, at least annually, by reviewing
the book value compared to the fair value at the reportable unit level. We test
individual indefinite-lived intangibles at least annually by reviewing the
individual book values compared to the fair value. Considerable management
judgment is necessary to measure fair value. We did not recognize any impairment
charges for goodwill or intangible assets during the periods
presented.
Revenue
recognition
Revenue is recognized when products are
shipped, which is when title and risk of loss pass to independent distributors
and preferred customers who are the Company’s customers. A reserve
for product returns is accrued based on historical experience totaling $2.1
million and $2.9 million as of December 31, 2008 and 2009,
respectively. The Company generally requires cash or credit card
payment at the point of sale. The Company has determined that no
allowance for doubtful accounts is necessary. Amounts received prior
to shipment and title passage to distributors are recorded as deferred
revenue. The global compensation plan for the Company’s distributors
generally does not provide rebates or selling discounts to distributors who
purchase its products and services. The Company classifies selling
discounts and rebates, if any, as a reduction of revenue.
Advertising
expenses
Advertising costs are expensed as
incurred. Advertising expense incurred for the years ended December
31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 totaled approximately $2.1 million, $1.7 million and
$2.0 million, respectively.
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
Selling expenses
Selling expenses are the Company’s most
significant expense and are classified as operating expenses. Selling
expenses include distributor commissions as well as wages, benefits, bonuses and
other labor and unemployment expenses the Company pays to sales employees in
China. The Company pays monthly commissions to several levels of
distributors on each product sale based upon a distributor’s personal and group
product volumes, as well as the group product volumes of up to six levels of
executive distributors in such distributor’s downline sales
organization. The Company does not pay commissions on sales
materials.
The Company’s distributors may make
retail profits by purchasing the products from the Company at wholesale and
selling them to customers with a retail mark-up. The Company does not
account for nor pay additional commissions on these retail mark-ups received by
distributors. In many markets, the Company also allows individuals
who are not distributors, referred to as “preferred customers,” to buy products
directly from the Company at wholesale or discounted prices. The
Company pays commissions on preferred customer purchases to the referring
distributors.
Research
and development
The Company’s research and development
activities are conducted primarily through its Pharmanex
division. Research and development costs are included in general and
administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income
and are expensed as incurred and totaled $10.0 million, $9.6 million and $10.4
million in 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively.
Deferred
tax assets and liabilities
The Company accounts for income taxes
in accordance with the Income Taxes Topic of the Financial Accounting Standards
Codification. These standards establish financial accounting and reporting
standards for the effects of income taxes that result from an enterprise’s
activities during the current and preceding years. The Company takes an
asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting of income
taxes. The Company pays income taxes in many foreign jurisdictions based
on the profits realized in those jurisdictions, which can be significantly
impacted by terms of intercompany transactions between the Company and its
foreign affiliates. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are created in
this process. As of December 31, 2009, the Company has net deferred tax
assets of $61.3 million. The Company has netted these deferred
tax assets and deferred tax liabilities by jurisdiction. Valuation allowances
are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts
expected to be ultimately realized.
Uncertain
Tax Positions
In June 2006, the FASB issued
interpretative guidance addressing uncertain tax positions. The
Company adopted the provisions of this guidance on January 1,
2007. As a result of the implementation the Company recognized a $2.6
million increase in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits, which was
accounted for as a reduction to the January 1, 2007, balances of retained
earnings and additional paid-in capital.
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
The
Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various
states and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is currently under
examination by the United States Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) for the
2006 and 2007 tax years. With a few exceptions, the Company is no
longer subject to state and local income tax examination by tax authorities for
years before 2005. In major foreign jurisdictions, the Company is no
longer subject to income tax examinations for years before
2002. Along with the IRS examination, the Company is currently under
examination in certain foreign jurisdictions; however, the outcomes of those
reviews are not yet determinable.
A
reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits
is as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):
Gross
Balance at January 1, 2007
|
|
$ |
38,130 |
|
Increases
related to prior year tax positions
|
|
|
1,254 |
|
Decreases
related to prior year tax positions
|
|
|
(6,060 |
) |
Increases
related to current year tax positions
|
|
|
1,431 |
|
Decreases
due to lapse of statutes of limitations
|
|
|
(2,880 |
) |
Gross
Balance at December 31, 2007
|
|
$ |
31,875 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross
Balance at January 1, 2008
|
|
$ |
31,875 |
|
Increases
related to current year tax positions
|
|
|
1,494 |
|
Settlements
|
|
|
(14 |
) |
Decreases
due to lapse of statutes of limitations
|
|
|
(5,977 |
) |
Currency
adjustments
|
|
|
3,537 |
|
Gross
Balance at December 31, 2008
|
|
$ |
30,915 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross
Balance at January 1, 2009
|
|
$ |
30,915 |
|
Increases
related to prior year tax positions
|
|
|
2 |
|
Increases
related to current year tax positions
|
|
|
3,618 |
|
Settlements
|
|
|
(946 |
) |
Decreases
due to lapse of statutes of limitations
|
|
|
(4,858 |
) |
Currency
adjustments
|
|
|
(456 |
) |
Gross
Balance at December 31, 2009
|
|
$ |
28,275 |
|
At
December 31, 2009, the Company had $28.3 million in unrecognized tax benefits of
which $4.4 million, if recognized, would affect the effective tax
rate. In comparison, at December 31, 2008 the Company had $30.9
million in unrecognized tax benefits of which $5.8 million, if recognized, would
affect the effective tax rate. The Company’s unrecognized tax
benefits relate to multiple foreign and domestic jurisdictions. Due
to potential increases in unrecognized tax benefits from the multiple
jurisdictions in which the Company operates, as well as the expiration of
various statutes of limitation, it is reasonably possible that the Company’s
gross unrecognized tax benefits, net of foreign currency adjustments, may change
within the next 12 months by a range of approximately $17 to $20
million.
During
each of the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, the Company recognized
approximately $0.1 million, $0.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively in
interest and penalties. The Company had approximately $3.3 million,
$3.2 million and $2.7 million of accrued interest and penalties related to
uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized as a
component of income tax expense.
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
Net
income per share
Net income per share is computed based
on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the periods
presented. Additionally, diluted earnings per share data gives effect
to all potentially dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the
periods presented (Note 10).
Foreign
currency translation
Most of the Company’s business
operations occur outside the United States. The local currency of
each of the Company’s subsidiaries is considered its functional
currency. All assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars
at exchange rates existing at the balance sheet dates, revenue and expenses are
translated at weighted-average exchange rates and stockholders’ equity is
recorded at historical exchange rates. The resulting foreign currency
translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of stockholders’
equity in the consolidated balance sheets and transaction gains and losses are
included in other income and expense in the consolidated financial
statements.
Fair
value of financial instruments
The carrying value of financial
instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and
accounts payable approximate fair values due to the short-term nature of these
instruments. The carrying amount of long-term debt approximates fair value
because the applicable interest rates approximate current market rates.
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant
market information.
The FASB
Codification defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an
asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous
market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market
participants at the measurement date. On a quarterly basis, the Company measures
at fair value certain financial assets, including cash equivalents and
available-for-sale securities. Accounting standards specify a hierarchy of
valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques
are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect data obtained
from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market
assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following
fair-value hierarchy:
▪
Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or
liabilities;
▪
Level 2 – inputs, other than the quoted prices in active markets, that are
observable either directly or indirectly;
▪
Level 3 – unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own
assumptions.
Accounting
standards permit companies, at their option, to choose to measure many financial
instruments and certain other items at fair value. The Company has elected
to not fair value existing eligible items.
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
Stock-based
compensation
All
share-based payments, including grants of stock options and restricted stock
units, are required to be recognized in our financial statements based upon
their respective grant date fair values. The Black-Scholes option pricing model
is used to estimate the fair value of stock options. The determination of the
fair value of stock options is affected by our stock price and a number of
assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest
rate and expected dividends. We use historical volatility as the expected
volatility assumption required in the Black-Scholes model. The expected life of
the stock options is based on historical data trended into the future. The
risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates
appropriate for the expected terms of our stock options. The fair value of
our restricted stock units is based on the closing market price of our stock on
the date of grant less our expected dividend yield. We recognize stock-based
compensation net of any estimated forfeitures on a straight-line basis over the
requisite service period of the award.
The total compensation expense related to equity compensation plans was
approximately $8.1 million, $7.3 million and $10.0 million for the years ended
December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009. For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008
and 2009, all stock-based compensation expense was recorded within general and
administrative expenses.
Reporting
comprehensive income
Comprehensive income is defined as the
change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and
other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, and it includes all
changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by
owners and distributions to owners.
Accounting
for derivative instruments and hedging activities
The Company recognizes all derivatives
as either assets or liabilities, with the instruments measured at fair
value.
The Company’s Subsidiaries enter into
significant transactions with each other and third parties that may not be
denominated in the respective Subsidiaries’ functional
currencies. The Company regularly monitors its foreign currency risks
and seeks to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates using
foreign currency exchange contracts and through certain intercompany loans of
foreign currency.
The Company hedges its exposure to
future cash flows from forecasted transactions over a maximum period of 12
months. Hedge effectiveness is assessed at inception and throughout
the life of the hedge to ensure the hedge qualifies for hedge accounting
treatment. Changes in fair value associated with hedge
ineffectiveness, if any, are recorded in the results of operations
currently. In the event that an anticipated transaction is no longer
likely to occur, the Company recognizes the change in fair value of the
derivative in its results of operations currently.
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
Changes
in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in current earnings or accumulated
other comprehensive loss, depending on the intended use of the derivative and
its resulting designation. The gains and losses in accumulated other
comprehensive loss stemming from these derivatives will be reclassified into
earnings in the period during which the hedged forecasted transaction affects
earnings. The fair value of the receivable and payable amounts
related to these unrealized gains and losses is classified as other current
assets and liabilities. The Company does not use such derivative
financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Gains and
losses on certain intercompany loans of foreign currency are recorded as other
income and expense in the consolidated statements of income.
Recent
accounting pronouncements
In June 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") voted to
approve the FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("Codification") as the
single source of authoritative nongovernmental U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles. The Codification was effective for the Company commencing
July 1, 2009. The FASB Codification does not change U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles, but combines all authoritative standards into a
comprehensive online database.
Effective
January 1, 2009, the Company adopted the fair value measurement provisions
as required by the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic of
Codification, as it relates to non-recurring, nonfinancial assets and
liabilities. The adoption of these provisions did not have an impact on the
Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
Effective
January 1, 2009, the Company adopted the provisions relating to the
accounting for business combinations as required by the Business Combinations
Topic of the Codification. These provisions will impact its financial statements
both on the acquisition date and in subsequent periods and will be applied
prospectively. The impact of adopting these provisions will depend on the nature
and terms of future acquisitions.
Effective January 1, 2009, the Company adopted the provisions for the
accounting and reporting of noncontrolling interests in a subsidiary in
consolidated financial statements as required by the Consolidations Topic of the
Codification. These provisions recharacterize minority interests as
noncontrolling interests and require noncontrolling interests to be classified
as a component of shareholders’ equity. These provisions require retroactive
adoption of the presentation and disclosure requirements for existing minority
interests. The adoption of these provisions had no impact on the Company's
consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Effective
January 1, 2009, the Company adopted enhanced disclosures about how and why
it uses derivative instruments, how they are accounted for, and how they affect
the Company's financial performance as required by the Derivatives and Hedging
Topic of the Codification. The enhanced disclosures had no impact on the
Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Effective
June 30, 2009, the Company adopted the subsequent event provisions of the
Codification. These provisions provide guidance on management’s assessment of
subsequent events. The adoption of these provisions did not have an impact on
the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
3. Related
Party Transactions
The Company leases corporate office and
warehouse space from two entities that are owned by certain officers and
directors of the Company. Total lease payments to these two
affiliated entities were $3.8 million, $3.8 million and $3.9 million for
the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 with remaining long-term
minimum lease payment obligations under these operating leases of $10.5 million
and $6.6 million at December 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively.
4. Property
and Equipment
Property and equipment are comprised of
the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Furniture
and
fixtures
|
|
$ |
51,783 |
|
|
$ |
54,261 |
|
Computers
and
equipment
|
|
|
101,592 |
|
|
|
91,481 |
|
Leasehold
improvements
|
|
|
64,885 |
|
|
|
68,780 |
|
Scanners
|
|
|
22,444 |
|
|
|
18,784 |
|
Vehicles
|
|
|
1,682 |
|
|
|
1,943 |
|
|
|
|
242,386 |
|
|
|
235,249 |
|
Less:
accumulated
depreciation
|
|
|
(160,050 |
) |
|
|
(155,893 |
) |
|
|
$ |
82,336 |
|
|
$ |
79,356 |
|
Depreciation of property and equipment
totaled $27.1 million, $24.4 million and $21.8 million for the years ended
December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively, which includes amortization
expense relating to the Scanners of approximately $7.8 million, $6.7 million and
$5.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009,
respectively.
5. Goodwill
and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill and other intangible assets
consist of the following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
|
Carrying
Amount at
December
31,
|
|
Goodwill
and indefinite life intangible assets:
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Goodwill
|
|
$ |
112,446 |
|
|
$ |
112,446 |
|
Trademarks and trade names
|
|
|
24,599 |
|
|
|
24,599 |
|
|
|
$ |
137,045 |
|
|
$ |
137,045 |
|
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
|
|
December
31, 2008
|
|
|
December
31, 2009
|
|
|
Finite
life intangible assets:
|
|
Gross
Carrying Amount
|
|
|
Accumulated
Amortization
|
|
|
Gross
Carrying Amount
|
|
|
Accumulated
Amortization
|
|
Weighted-average Amortization
Period
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scanner
technology
|
|
$ |
46,482 |
|
|
$ |
12,356 |
|
|
$ |
46,482 |
|
|
$ |
15,390 |
|
18
years
|
Developed
technology
|
|
|
22,500 |
|
|
|
11,788 |
|
|
|
22,500 |
|
|
|
12,612 |
|
20
years
|
Distributor
network
|
|
|
11,598 |
|
|
|
7,583 |
|
|
|
11,598 |
|
|
|
8,085 |
|
15
years
|
Trademarks
|
|
|
13,016 |
|
|
|
8,160 |
|
|
|
13,316 |
|
|
|
8,837 |
|
15
years
|
Other
|
|
|
29,216 |
|
|
|
19,636 |
|
|
|
29,755 |
|
|
|
21,358 |
|
5 years
|
|
|
$ |
122,812 |
|
|
$ |
59,523 |
|
|
$ |
123,651 |
|
|
$ |
66,282 |
|
15
years
|
Amortization of finite-life intangible assets totaled
$5.9 million, $6.0 million and $6.8 million for the years
ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. Annual
estimated amortization expense is expected to approximate $6.0 million for each
of the five succeeding fiscal years.
All of the Company’s goodwill is based
in the U.S. Goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets are not
amortized, rather they are subject to annual impairment tests. Annual
impairment tests were completed resulting in no impairment charges for any of
the periods shown. Finite life intangibles are amortized over their
useful lives unless circumstances occur that cause the Company to revise such
lives or review such assets for impairment.
6. Other
Assets
Other assets consist of the following
(U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred
taxes
|
|
$ |
66,427 |
|
|
$ |
49,030 |
|
Deposits
for noncancelable operating leases
|
|
|
24,184 |
|
|
|
20,713 |
|
Deposit
for customs assessment (Note
19)
|
|
|
29,707 |
|
|
|
46,476 |
|
Other
|
|
|
16,380 |
|
|
|
20,517 |
|
|
|
$ |
136,698 |
|
|
$ |
136,736 |
|
7. Accrued
Expenses
Accrued expenses consist of the
following (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued
commissions and other payments to distributors
|
|
$ |
47,819 |
|
|
$ |
50,332 |
|
Income
taxes
payable
|
|
|
4,067 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Other
taxes
payable
|
|
|
9,682 |
|
|
|
5,596 |
|
Accrued
payroll and payroll
taxes
|
|
|
14,432 |
|
|
|
12,790 |
|
Accrued
payable to
vendors
|
|
|
9,494 |
|
|
|
12,438 |
|
Accrued
severance
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
2,537 |
|
Other
accrued employee
expenses
|
|
|
7,722 |
|
|
|
15,800 |
|
Other
|
|
|
22,096 |
|
|
|
25,027 |
|
|
|
$ |
115,794 |
|
|
$ |
124,520 |
|
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
8. Long-Term
Debt
The
following tables summarize the Company’s long-term debt arrangements as of
December 31, 2009:
Facility
or Arrangement(1)
|
|
Original
Principal
Amount
|
|
Balance
as of December 31, 2009(2)
|
|
Interest
Rate
|
|
Repayment
terms
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2000
Japanese yen-denominated notes
|
|
9.7
billion yen
|
|
1.4
billion yen ($14.9 million as of December 31, 2009)
|
|
|
3.0% |
|
Notes
due October 2010, with annual principal payments that began in October
2004.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 $205.0 million
multi-currency uncommitted shelf facility: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S.
dollar denominated:
|
|
$50.0
million
|
|
$10.0
million
|
|
|
4.5% |
|
Notes
due April 2010 with annual principal payments that began in April
2006.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$40.0
million
|
|
$40.0
million
|
|
|
6.2% |
|
Notes
due July 2016 with annual principal payments beginning July
2010.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$20.0
million
|
|
$20.0
million
|
|
|
6.2% |
|
Notes
due January 2017 with annual principal payments beginning January
2011.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japanese yen denominated:
|
|
3.1
billion yen
|
|
2.2
billion yen ($23.9 million as of December 31, 2009)
|
|
|
1.7% |
|
Notes
due April 2014, with annual principal payments that began in April
2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.3
billion yen
|
|
2.3
billion yen ($24.4 million as of December 31, 2009)
|
|
|
2.6% |
|
Notes
due September 2017, with annual principal payments beginning September
2011.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.2
billion yen
|
|
2.2
billion yen ($23.3 million as of December 31, 2009)
|
|
|
3.3% |
|
Notes
due January 2017, with annual principal payments beginning January
2011.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004
$25.0 million revolving credit facility
|
|
N/A
|
|
None
|
|
|
N/A |
|
Credit
facility expires May 2010.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009
$100.0 million uncommitted muliti-currency shelf facility |
|
N/A
|
|
None |
|
|
N/A |
|
|
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
(1)
|
Each
of the credit facilities and arrangements listed in the table are secured
by guarantees issued by our material domestic subsidiaries and by pledges
of 65% of the outstanding stock of our material foreign
subsidiaries.
|
(2)
|
The
current portion of our long-term debt (i.e., becoming due in the next 12
months) includes $14.9 million of the balance on our 2000 Japanese
yen-denominated notes, $4.8 million of the balance of our 2005 Japanese
yen-denominated notes and $15.7 million of the balance on our U.S. dollar
denominated debt under the 2003 multi-currency shelf
facility.
|
Interest expense relating to debt
totaled $8.3 million, $7.7 million and $6.9 million for the years ended December
31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively.
The notes and shelf facility contain
other terms and conditions and affirmative and negative financial covenants
customary for credit facilities of this type, including a requirement to
maintain a minimum cash balance of $65.0 million. As of December 31,
2009, the Company is in compliance with all financial covenants under the notes
and shelf facility.
Maturities
of all long-term debt at December 31, 2009, based on the year-end exchange rate,
are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):
Year
Ending December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
$ |
35,400 |
|
2011
|
|
|
20,171 |
|
2012
|
|
|
20,171 |
|
2013
|
|
|
20,171 |
|
2014
|
|
|
20,171 |
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
40,435 |
|
Total
|
|
$ |
156,519 |
|
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
9. Lease
Obligations
The Company leases office space and
computer hardware under noncancelable long-term operating leases including
related party leases (see Note 3). Most leases include renewal
options of at least three years. Minimum future operating lease
obligations at December 31, 2009 are as follows (U.S. dollars in
thousands):
Year
Ending December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
$ |
18,617 |
|
2011
|
|
|
14,561 |
|
2012
|
|
|
11,243 |
|
2013
|
|
|
10,189 |
|
2014
|
|
|
8,148 |
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
508 |
|
Total
|
|
$ |
63,266 |
|
Rental expense for operating leases
totaled $32.2 million, $33.5 million and $33.8 million for the years ended
December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively.
10. Capital
Stock
The Company’s authorized capital stock
consists of 25 million shares of preferred stock, par value $.001 per share, 500
million shares of Class A common stock, par value $.001 per share, and 100
million shares of Class B common stock, par value $.001 per
share. The shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock
are identical in all respects, except for voting rights and certain conversion
rights and transfer restrictions, as follows: (1) each share of Class A common
stock entitles the holder to one vote on matters submitted to a vote of the
Company’s stockholders and each share of Class B common stock
entitles the holder to ten votes on each such matter; (2) stock dividends of
Class A common stock may be paid only to holders of Class A common stock and
stock dividends of Class B common stock may be paid
only to holders of Class B common stock; (3) if a holder of Class B common stock
transfers such shares to a person other than a permitted transferee, as defined
in the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation, such shares will be converted
automatically into shares of Class A common stock; and (4) Class A common stock
has no conversion rights; however, each share of Class B common stock is
convertible into one share of Class A common stock, in whole or in part, at any
time at the option of the holder. All
outstanding Class B shares have been converted to Class A shares. As
of December 31, 2009 and 2008, there were no preferred or Class B common shares
outstanding.
Weighted-average
common shares outstanding
The following is a reconciliation of
the weighted-average common shares outstanding for purposes of computing basic
and diluted net income per share (in thousands):
|
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
weighted-average common shares outstanding
|
64,783
|
|
63,510
|
|
63,333
|
Effect
of dilutive securities:
Stock
awards and
options
|
801
|
|
622
|
|
963
|
Diluted
weighted-average common shares outstanding
|
65,584
|
|
64,132
|
|
64,296
|
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
For the years ended December
31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, other stock options totaling 3.3 million, 5.0 million
and 4.8 million, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted
earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive.
Repurchases
of common stock
Since August 1998, the board of
directors has authorized the Company to repurchase up to $335.0 million of the
Company’s outstanding shares of Class A common stock on the open market or in
private transactions. The repurchases are used primarily for the
Company’s equity incentive plans and strategic initiatives. During
the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, the Company repurchased
approximately 4.1 million, 0.4 million and 1.2 million shares of Class A common
stock for an aggregate price of approximately $71.1 million, $6.1 million and
$21.1 million, respectively, under these repurchase
programs. Included in the 4.1 million shares repurchased in 2007, are
1.5 million shares that the Company repurchased under a $25.0 million
accelerated repurchase transaction during the fourth quarter of
2007. Between August 1998 and December 31, 2009, the Company
repurchased a total of approximately 19.6 million shares of Class A common stock
under this repurchase program for an aggregate price of approximately $272.5
million.
11. Stock–Based
Compensation
At December 31, 2009, the Company had
the following stock-based employee compensation plans:
Equity
Incentive Plans
During the year ended December 31,
1996, the Company’s board of directors adopted the Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.,
1996 Stock Incentive Plan (the “1996 Stock Incentive Plan”). In April
2006, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.
2006 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2006 Stock Incentive Plan”). This
plan was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the Company’s 2006 Annual
Meeting of Stockholders held in May of 2006. The 1996 Stock Incentive
Plan and the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan provide for granting of stock awards and
options to purchase common stock to executives, other employees, independent
consultants and directors of the Company and its
Subsidiaries. Options granted under the equity incentive plans are
generally non-qualified stock options, but the plans permit some options granted
to qualify as “incentive stock options” under the U.S. Internal Revenue
Code. The exercise price of a stock option generally is equal to the
fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the option grant
date. The contractual term of options granted since 1996 is generally
ten years. However, for options granted beginning in the second
quarter of 2006, the contractual term has been shortened to seven
years. Currently, all shares issued upon the exercise of options are
from the Company’s treasury shares. With the adoption of the 2006
Stock Incentive Plan, no further grants will be made under the 1996 Stock
Incentive Plan. Under the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan 6.0 million
shares were authorized for issuance.
In the
fourth quarter of 2007, the compensation committee of the board of directors
approved the grant of performance stock options to certain senior level
executives. Vesting for the options is performance based, with the options
vesting in two installments if the Company’s earnings per share equal or exceed
the two established performance levels, measured in terms of diluted earnings
per share. Fifty percent of the options will vest upon earnings per share
meeting or exceeding the first performance level and fifty percent of the
options will vest upon earnings per share meeting or exceeding the second
performance level. If the performance levels have not been met on or prior to
the 2nd business day following the filing of the Company’s Annual Report on Form
10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, then any unvested options shall
terminate at such time. As of December 31, 2009, fifty percent of the
performance levels were met, which resulted in compensation expense of $3.8
million.
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
The fair
value of stock option awards was estimated using the Black-Scholes
option-pricing model with the following assumptions and weighted-average fair
values as follows:
|
|
December
31,
|
|
Stock
Options:
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
average grant date fair value of grants
|
|
$ |
5.51 |
|
|
$ |
4.69 |
|
|
$ |
2.84 |
|
Risk-free
interest rate(1)
|
|
|
3.8% |
|
|
|
3.0% |
|
|
|
2.3% |
|
Dividend
yield(2)
|
|
|
2.5% |
|
|
|
2.6% |
|
|
|
3.2% |
|
Expected
volatility(3)
|
|
|
40.4% |
|
|
|
36.1% |
|
|
|
40.7% |
|
Expected
life in months(4)
|
|
59
months
|
|
|
58
months
|
|
|
69
months
|
|
(1)
|
The risk-free interest rate is
based upon the rate on a zero coupon U.S. Treasury bill, for periods
within the contractual life of the option, in effect at the time of the
grant.
|
(2)
|
The
dividend yield is based on the rolling average of annual stock prices and
the actual dividends paid in the corresponding 12
months.
|
(3)
|
Expected
volatility is based on the historical volatility of our stock price, over
a period similar to the expected life of the
option.
|
(4)
|
The
expected term of the option is based on the historical employee exercise
behavior, the vesting terms of the respective option, and a contractual
life of either seven or ten years.
|
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
Options
under the plans as of December 31, 2009 and changes during the year ended
December 31, 2009 were as follows:
|
|
Shares
(in
thousands)
|
|
|
Weighted-average
Exercise Price
|
|
|
Weighted-
average Remaining Contractual Term
(in
years)
|
|
|
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in
thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options
activity – service based
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding
at December 31,
2008
|
|
|
4,868.0 |
|
|
|
$
16.87 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
1,816.3 |
|
|
|
9.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(576.7 |
) |
|
|
13.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited/cancelled/expired
|
|
|
(315.6 |
) |
|
|
18.15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding
at December 31,
2009
|
|
|
5,792.0 |
|
|
|
14.82 |
|
|
|
4.84 |
|
|
|
$
69,783 |
|
Exercisable
at December 31,
2009
|
|
|
3,377.1 |
|
|
|
17.25 |
|
|
|
4.04 |
|
|
|
32,498 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options
activity – performance based
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding
at December 31,
2008
|
|
|
1,805.0 |
|
|
|
$
17.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
75.0 |
|
|
|
13.98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(37.5 |
) |
|
|
13.98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited/cancelled/expired
|
|
|
(100.0 |
) |
|
|
16.69 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding
at December 31,
2009
|
|
|
1,742.5 |
|
|
|
17.03 |
|
|
|
5.08 |
|
|
|
$
17,138 |
|
Exercisable
at December 31,
2009
|
|
|
12.5 |
|
|
|
13.98 |
|
|
|
6.34 |
|
|
|
161 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options
activity – all options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding
at December 31,
2008
|
|
|
6,673.0 |
|
|
|
$
16.93 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
1,891.3 |
|
|
|
9.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
(614.2 |
) |
|
|
13.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forfeited/cancelled/expired
|
|
|
(415.6 |
) |
|
|
17.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding
at December 31,
2009
|
|
|
7,534.5 |
|
|
|
15.33 |
|
|
|
4.89 |
|
|
|
$
86,921 |
|
Exercisable
at December 31,
2009
|
|
|
3,389.6 |
|
|
|
17.23 |
|
|
|
4.05 |
|
|
|
32,659 |
|
The aggregate intrinsic value in the
table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the difference between
the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the respective
years and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options)
that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders
exercised their options on December 31, 2009. This amount varies
based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock. The total fair
value of options vested and expensed was $4.7 million, net of tax, for the year
ended December 31, 2009.
Cash proceeds, tax benefits, and
intrinsic value related to total stock options exercised during 2007, 2008 and
2009, were as follows (in millions):
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
proceeds from stock options exercised
|
|
$ |
5.7 |
|
|
$ |
3.8 |
|
|
$ |
6.2 |
|
Tax
benefit realized for stock options exercised
|
|
|
1.8 |
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
|
Intrinsic
value of stock options exercised
|
|
|
3.4 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
8.2 |
|
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
Nonvested restricted stock
awards as of December 31, 2009 and changes during the year ended December 31,
2009 were as follows:
|
|
Number
of Shares
(in
thousands)
|
|
|
Weighted-average
Grant Date Fair Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nonvested
at December 31, 2008
|
|
|
365.8 |
|
|
|
$
17.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
175.5 |
|
|
|
15.82 |
|
Vested
|
|
|
(185.2 |
) |
|
|
16.30 |
|
Forfeited
|
|
|
(15.8 |
) |
|
|
15.54 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nonvested
at December 31, 2009
|
|
|
340.3 |
|
|
|
17.12 |
|
As of
December 31, 2009, there was $4.2 million of unrecognized stock-based
compensation expense related to nonvested restricted stock
awards. That cost is expected to be recognized over a
weighted-average period of 3.0 years. As of December 31, 2009, there
was $10.8 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to
nonvested stock option awards. That cost is expected to be
recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years.
12. Income
Taxes
Consolidated income before provision
for income taxes consists of the following for the years ended December 31,
2007, 2008 and 2009 (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S.
|
|
$ |
45,235 |
|
|
$ |
52,756 |
|
|
$ |
71,338 |
Foreign
|
|
|
23,243 |
|
|
|
47,897 |
|
|
|
69,786 |
Total
|
|
$ |
68,478 |
|
|
$ |
100,653 |
|
|
$ |
141,124 |
The
provision for current and deferred taxes for the years ended December 31, 2007,
2008 and 2009 consists of the following (U.S. dollars in
thousands):
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
Current
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
10,524 |
|
|
$ |
9,409 |
|
State
|
|
|
(94 |
) |
|
|
2,620 |
|
|
|
1,690 |
|
Foreign
|
|
|
22,090 |
|
|
|
22,408 |
|
|
|
27,784 |
|
|
|
|
21,996 |
|
|
|
35,552 |
|
|
|
38,883 |
|
Deferred
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal
|
|
|
(298 |
) |
|
|
713 |
|
|
|
14,266 |
|
State
|
|
|
2,181 |
|
|
|
(345 |
) |
|
|
937 |
|
Foreign
|
|
|
727 |
|
|
|
(614 |
) |
|
|
(2,807 |
) |
|
|
|
2,610 |
|
|
|
(246 |
) |
|
|
12,396 |
|
Provision
for income
taxes
|
|
$ |
24,606 |
|
|
$ |
35,306 |
|
|
$ |
51,279 |
|
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
The
Company’s foreign taxes paid are high relative to foreign operating income and
the Company’s U.S. taxes paid are low relative to U.S. operating income due
largely to the flow of funds among the Company’s Subsidiaries around the
world. As payments for services, management fees, license
arrangements and royalties are made from the Company’s foreign affiliates to its
U.S. corporate headquarters, these payments often incur withholding and other
forms of tax that are generally creditable for U.S. tax
purposes. Therefore, these payments lead to increased foreign
effective tax rates and lower U.S. effective tax rates. Variations
(or shifts) occur in the Company’s foreign and U.S. effective tax rates from
year to year depending on several factors. These factors include the
impact of global transfer prices, the timing and level of remittances from
foreign affiliates, profits and losses in various markets, in the valuation of
deferred tax assets or liabilities, or changes in tax laws, regulations,
accounting principles, or interpretations thereof.
The
principal components of deferred taxes are as follows (U.S. dollars in
thousands):
|
|
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
Deferred
tax assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventory
differences
|
|
$ |
4,335 |
|
|
$ |
3,777 |
|
Foreign
tax credit and other foreign benefits
|
|
|
33,058 |
|
|
|
34,717 |
|
Stock-based
compensation
|
|
|
6,127 |
|
|
|
8,251 |
|
Accrued
expenses not deductible until paid
|
|
|
27,389 |
|
|
|
25,211 |
|
Foreign
currency exchange
|
|
|
9,267 |
|
|
|
8,934 |
|
Net
operating losses
|
|
|
14,752 |
|
|
|
14,430 |
|
Capitalized
research and development
|
|
|
21,481 |
|
|
|
19,175 |
|
Asian
marketing rights
|
|
|
1,710 |
|
|
|
1,095 |
|
Exchange
gains and loses
|
|
|
2,513 |
|
|
|
— |
|
Other
|
|
|
7,925 |
|
|
|
5,839 |
|
Gross
deferred tax assets
|
|
|
128,557 |
|
|
|
121,429 |
|
Deferred
tax liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange
gains and losses
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
3,299 |
|
Pharmanex
intangibles step-up
|
|
|
14,105 |
|
|
|
13,514 |
|
Amortization
of intangibles
|
|
|
5,911 |
|
|
|
8,768 |
|
Foreign outside basis in controlled foreign corporation
|
|
|
10,465 |
|
|
|
10,137 |
|
Prepaid expenses
|
|
|
11,239 |
|
|
|
11,239 |
|
Other
|
|
|
1,262 |
|
|
|
2,025 |
|
Gross
deferred tax liabilities
|
|
|
42,982 |
|
|
|
48,982 |
|
Valuation
allowance
|
|
|
(9,254 |
) |
|
|
(11,150 |
) |
Deferred
taxes, net
|
|
$ |
76,321 |
|
|
$ |
61,297 |
|
At December 31, 2009, the Company had
foreign operating loss carryforwards of approximately $67.0 million for tax
purposes, which will be available to offset future taxable income. If not
used, $31.7 million of carryforwards will expire between 2010 and 2019, while
$35.3 million do not expire.
The valuation allowance primarily
represents amounts for foreign operating loss carryforwards for which it is more
likely than not some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be
realized. In making such determination, the Company considers all available
positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable
temporary difference, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies
and recent financial operations. When the Company determines that
there is sufficient taxable income to utilize the net operating losses, the
valuation will be released which would reduce the provision for income
taxes.
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
The components of deferred taxes, net
on a jurisdiction basis are as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
|
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
current deferred tax assets
|
|
$ |
23,105 |
|
|
$ |
23,541 |
|
Net
noncurrent deferred tax assets
|
|
|
66,426 |
|
|
|
49,030 |
|
Total net deferred tax
assets
|
|
|
89,531 |
|
|
|
72,571 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
current deferred tax liabilities
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
Net
noncurrent deferred tax liabilities
|
|
|
13,210 |
|
|
|
11,274 |
|
Total
net deferred tax liabilities
|
|
|
13,210 |
|
|
|
11,274 |
|
Deferred
taxes, net
|
|
$ |
76,321 |
|
|
$ |
61,297 |
|
The Company’s deferred tax assets as of
December 31, 2009 decreased due to the utilization of certain deferred tax
assets relating primarily to amortization of intangibles and accrued
expenses.
The
Company is subject to regular audits by federal, state and foreign tax
authorities. These audits may result in proposed assessments that may
result in additional tax liabilities.
The
actual tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 compared to
the statutory U.S. Federal tax rate is as follows:
|
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|
|
2007
|
|
2008
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income
taxes at statutory rate
|
35.00
|
% |
35.00
|
% |
35.00
|
% |
Non-deductible
expenses
|
.27
|
|
.23
|
|
.24
|
|
Other
|
.66
|
|
(.15
|
) |
1.10
|
|
|
35.93
|
% |
35.08
|
% |
36.34
|
% |
The decrease in the effective tax rate
from 2008 compared to 2007 was due primarily to the expiration of the statute of
limitations in certain tax jurisdictions. The increase in the
effective tax rate in 2009 compared to 2008 was due to a reduced benefit
relating to the expiration of the statute of limitations.
13. Employee
Benefit Plan
The Company has a 401(k) defined
contribution plan which permits participating employees to defer up to a maximum
of 100% of their compensation, subject to limitations established by the
Internal Revenue Service. Employees age 18 and older are eligible to
contribute to the plan starting the first of the month following their date of
hire. After completing at least one year of service, employees age 21 and
older are eligible to receive the Company’s matching funds. The Company
matches 100% of the first 2% and 50% of the next 2% of each participant’s
contributions to the plan. Participant contributions are immediately
vested. Company contributions vest based on the participant’s years of
service at 25% per year over four years. Therefore, matching funds for
employees with four or more years of service are 100% vested immediately upon
contribution. The Company recorded compensation expense of $1.5
million, $1.3 million and $1.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2007,
2008 and 2009, respectively, related to its contributions to the plan.
Beginning January 1, 2009, the following changes were made to the 401(k) defined
contribution plan:
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
|
▪
|
all
employees age 18 and older are eligible to contribute to the plan and
receive the Company’s matching funds starting the first of the month
following their date of hire;
|
|
▪
|
the
Company matches 100% of the first 1% and 50% of the next 5% of each
participant’s contributions to the plan;
and
|
|
▪
|
the
Company’s match is 100% vested after the completion of 2 years of
service.
|
The Company has a defined benefit
pension plan for its employees in Japan. All employees of Nu Skin
Japan, after certain years of service, are entitled to pension plan benefits
when they terminate employment with Nu Skin Japan. The accrued
pension liability was $5.2 million, $6.9 million and $5.9 million as of December
31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. Although Nu Skin Japan has not
specifically funded this obligation, Nu Skin Japan believes it maintains
adequate cash balances for this defined benefit pension plan. The
Company recorded pension expense of $1.4 million, $0.9 million and $0.6 million
for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively.
14. Executive
Deferred Compensation Plan
The Company has an executive deferred
compensation plan for select management personnel. Under this plan,
the Company may make a contribution of up to 10% of a participant’s
salary. In addition, each participant has the option to defer a
portion of their compensation up to a maximum of 80% of their
compensation. Participant contributions are immediately
vested. Company contributions vest based on the earlier
of: (a) attaining 60 years of age; (b) continuous employment of 20
years; or (c) death or disability. The Company recorded compensation
expense of $0.7 million, $0.8 million and $1.1 million for the years ended
December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively, related to its contributions to
the plan. The Company had accrued $6.2 million and $10.0 million as
of December 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively, related to the Executive Deferred
Compensation Plan. Company contributions now vest on the earlier
of: (a) attaining 60 years of age; (b) 50% after ten years of service
and 5% each year of service thereafter; and (c) death or
disability.
15. Derivative
Financial Instruments
At December 31, 2008, the Company held
no forward contracts designated as foreign currency cash flow hedges to hedge
forecasted foreign-currency-denominated intercompany transactions and no net
unrealized loss was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive
loss. At December 31, 2009, the Company held forward contracts
designated as foreign currency cash flow hedges with notional amounts totaling
approximately $3.0 million to hedge forecasted foreign-currency-denominated
intercompany transactions and $0.1 million net unrealized gain, net of related
taxes, was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
The contracts held at December 31, 2009, have maturities through January 2010,
and accordingly, all unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency cash flow
hedges included in accumulated other comprehensive loss will be recognized in
current earnings over the next 12 months. The pre-tax net (losses)/gains
on foreign currency cash flow hedges recorded in current earnings were $0.4
million, none, and none for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009,
respectively.
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
16. Supplemental
Cash Flow Information
Cash paid for interest totaled $7.4
million, $7.9 million and $7.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2007,
2008 and 2009, respectively. Cash paid for income taxes totaled $21.9 million,
$27.2 million and $36.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and
2009, respectively.
17. Segment
Information
The Company operates in a single
operating segment by selling products to a global network of independent
distributors that operates in a seamless manner from market to market, except
for its operations in Mainland China. In Mainland China, the Company
utilizes an employed sales force, contractual sales promoters and direct sellers
to sell its products through fixed retail locations. Selling expenses
are the Company’s largest expense comprised of the commissions paid to its
worldwide independent distributors as well as remuneration to its Mainland China
sales employees, promoters and direct sellers paid on product
sales. The Company manages its business primarily by managing its
global sales force. The Company does not use profitability reports on
a regional or divisional basis for making business
decisions. However, the Company does recognize revenue in five
geographic regions: North Asia, Americas, Greater China, Europe and South
Asia/Pacific.
Revenue
generated in each of these regions is set forth below (U.S. dollars in
thousands):
|
|
|
Year
Ended December 31 |
|
Revenue:
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
North
Asia
|
|
$ |
585,805 |
|
|
$ |
594,548 |
|
|
$ |
606,113 |
|
Americas
|
|
|
188,256 |
|
|
|
223,902 |
|
|
|
260,865 |
|
Greater
China
|
|
|
205,026 |
|
|
|
209,968 |
|
|
|
210,379 |
|
Europe
|
|
|
77,163 |
|
|
|
111,572 |
|
|
|
133,578 |
|
South
Asia/Pacific
|
|
|
101,417 |
|
|
|
107,656 |
|
|
|
120,123 |
|
Total
|
|
$ |
1,157,667 |
|
|
$ |
1,247,646 |
|
|
$ |
1,331,058 |
|
Revenue generated by each of the
Company’s product lines is set forth below (U.S. dollars in
thousands):
|
|
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|
Revenue:
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nu
Skin
|
|
$ |
498,500 |
|
|
$ |
633,411 |
|
|
$ |
752,681 |
|
Pharmanex
|
|
|
634,191 |
|
|
|
597,714 |
|
|
|
565,592 |
|
Other
|
|
|
24,976 |
|
|
|
16,521 |
|
|
|
12,785 |
|
Total
|
|
$ |
1,157,667 |
|
|
$ |
1,247,646 |
|
|
$ |
1,331,058 |
|
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
Additional information as to the
Company’s operations in the most significant geographical areas is set forth
below (U.S. dollars in thousands):
|
|
Year
Ended December 31,
|
|
Revenue:
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japan
|
|
$ |
443,670 |
|
|
$ |
443,714 |
|
|
$ |
461,914 |
|
United
States
|
|
|
167,701 |
|
|
|
192,140 |
|
|
|
218,557 |
|
South
Korea
|
|
|
142,135 |
|
|
|
150,834 |
|
|
|
144,199 |
|
Europe
|
|
|
67,315 |
|
|
|
96,573 |
|
|
|
111,862 |
|
Taiwan
|
|
|
93,014 |
|
|
|
92,297 |
|
|
|
91,727 |
|
Mainland
China
|
|
|
66,493 |
|
|
|
65,329 |
|
|
|
71,086 |
|
|
|
December
31,
|
|
Long-lived
assets:
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japan
|
|
$ |
9,891 |
|
|
$ |
8,079 |
|
United
States
|
|
|
45,940 |
|
|
|
42,378 |
|
South
Korea
|
|
|
2,007 |
|
|
|
3,654 |
|
Europe
|
|
|
2,220 |
|
|
|
3,005 |
|
Taiwan
|
|
|
3,050 |
|
|
|
1,758 |
|
Mainland
China
|
|
|
10,747 |
|
|
|
11,841 |
|
18. Restructuring
Charges
During
2009, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $10.7 million, related to
restructuring of its Japan operations, including an approximate 30% headcount
reduction as well as facility relocations and closures. $7.4 million of
these charges related to severance payments to terminated employees and $3.3
million related to facility relocation or closing costs. The majority of
these severance charges are related to a voluntary employment reduction
program. The restructuring charges for facility relocation or closing
costs related to costs incurred during 2009 for leases terminated in that
period.
During
2007, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $19.8 million, relating to
its efforts to simplify its operations in China and improve operational
efficiencies in its corporate offices and reduce investments in unprofitable
markets. Approximately $13.9 million of these charges relates to
severance payments to terminated employees of which approximately $5.4 million
remained accrued at December 31, 2007. The remaining $5.9 million
relates to leasehold terminations and tax payments related to the Company’s
closure of its operations in Brazil in 2007, of which approximately $2.2 million
remained accrued at December 31, 2007. The Company paid all of the
restructuring charges accrued as of December 31, 2007, during the first quarter
of 2008.
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
19. Commitments
and Contingencies
The Company is subject to governmental
regulations pertaining to product formulation, labeling and packaging, product
claims and advertising and to the Company’s direct selling
system. The Company is also subject to the jurisdiction of numerous
foreign tax and customs authorities. Any assertions or determination
that either the Company or the Company’s distributors is not in compliance with
existing statutes, laws, rules or regulations could potentially have a material
adverse effect on the Company’s operations. In addition, in any
country or jurisdiction, the adoption of new statutes, laws, rules or
regulations or changes in the interpretation of existing statutes, laws, rules
or regulations could have a material adverse effect on the Company and its
operations. Although management believes that the Company is in
compliance, in all material respects, with the statutes, laws, rules and
regulations of every jurisdiction in which it operates, no assurance can be
given that the Company’s compliance with applicable statutes, laws, rules and
regulations will not be challenged by foreign authorities or that such
challenges will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial
position or results of operations or cash flows. The Company and its
Subsidiaries are defendants in litigation and proceedings involving various
matters. In the opinion of the Company’s management, based upon
advice of its counsel handling such litigation and proceedings, adverse
outcomes, if any, will not likely result in a material effect on the Company’s
consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash
flows.
The Company is subject to regular
audits by federal, state and foreign tax authorities. These audits
may result in additional tax liabilities. The Company believes it has
appropriately provided for income taxes for all years. Several
factors drive the calculation of its tax reserves. Some of these
factors include: (i) the expiration of various statutes of limitations; (ii)
changes in tax law and regulations; (iii) issuance of tax rulings; and (iv)
settlements with tax authorities. Changes in any of these factors may
result in adjustments to the Company’s reserves, which would impact its reported
financial results.
In June 2006, the FASB issued
interpretative guidance clarifying the accounting for uncertainty in tax
positions. The guidance requires that the Company recognize the impact of a tax
position in the Company’s financial statements if that position is more likely
than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the
position. The provisions of this guidance became effective as of the beginning
of the Company’s 2007 fiscal year, with the cumulative effect of the change in
accounting principle recorded as an adjustment to opening retained
earnings.
Due to the international nature of the
Company’s business, it is subject from time to time to reviews and audits by the
foreign taxing authorities of the various jurisdictions in which it conducts
business throughout the world. As previously reported, the Company is
currently involved in litigation in Japan with the Ministry of Finance with
respect to additional customs assessments made by Yokohama Customs for the
period of October 2002 through July 2005. The aggregate amount of those
assessments is yen 2.7 billion Japanese (approximately $29.0 million as of
December 31, 2009), net of any recovery of consumption taxes. The Company
believes that the documentation and legal analysis support its position and has
taken action in the court system in Japan to overturn these assessments. The
litigation on this matter is ongoing and the Company believes the court will
likely decide this matter in the next year. If the Company receives a decision
that is unfavorable, it may appeal the decision, however, it would likely be
required to take a charge to its earnings for the amount assessed.
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
In July
2005, the Company changed its operating structure in Japan and believed that
these changes would eliminate further valuation disputes with Yokohama Customs
as the new structure eliminated the issues that were the basis of the litigation
and valuation disputes. However, in October 2009, the Company received notice
from Yokohama Customs that they were assessing additional duties, penalties and
interest for the period of October 2006 through November 2008 following an
audit. The total amount of such assessments is yen 1.5 billion Japanese
(approximately $17.5 million as of December 31, 2009), net of any recovery of
consumption taxes. The basis for such additional assessment is different from,
and unrelated to, the issues that are being litigated in the current litigation
with the Ministry of Finance. Following the Company’s review of the assessments
and after consulting with its legal and customs advisors, the Company strongly
believes that the additional assessments are improper and are not supported by
any legal or factual basis. The Company filed letters of protest with
Yokohama Customs, which were rejected. The Company plans to appeal the
matter to the Ministry of Finance in Japan. At the request of the Yokohama
Customs, the Company has prepared additional information for them to consider.
To the extent that the Company is unsuccessful in recovering the amounts
assessed and paid, it will be required to take a corresponding charge to its
earnings.
In addition, the Company is currently
being required to pay a higher rate of duties on all current imports, which it
is similarly disputing. Because the Company believes that the higher rate being
assessed is improper, the Company is currently planning on only expensing the
portion of the duties it believes is supported under applicable customs law, and
recording the additional payment as a receivable on its books.
In November 2008, the U.S. Internal
Revenue Service began an audit of the Company’s 2006 and 2007 tax
years. The Company anticipates this audit will be completed by
approximately June 2010.
20. Dividends
per Share
Quarterly cash dividends for the years
ended December 31, 2008 and 2009 totaled $27.9 million and $29.0 million,
respectively. In February 2010, the board of directors declared a
quarterly cash dividend of $0.125 per share for all classes of common stock to
be paid on March 17, 2010 to stockholders of record on February 26,
2010.
21. Quarterly
Results
The following table sets forth selected
unaudited quarterly data for the periods shown (U.S. dollars in millions, except
per share amounts):
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
1st
Quarter
|
|
|
2nd
Quarter
|
|
|
3rd
Quarter
|
|
|
4th
Quarter
|
|
|
1st
Quarter
|
|
|
2nd
Quarter
|
|
|
3rd
Quarter
|
|
|
4th
Quarter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
$ |
298.1 |
|
|
$ |
321.7 |
|
|
$ |
310.3 |
|
|
$ |
317.6 |
|
|
$ |
296.2 |
|
|
$ |
322.6 |
|
|
$ |
334.2 |
|
|
$ |
378.1 |
|
Gross
profit
|
|
|
243.9 |
|
|
|
262.4 |
|
|
|
253.3 |
|
|
|
259.4 |
|
|
|
242.4 |
|
|
|
261.9 |
|
|
|
272.1 |
|
|
|
311.0 |
|
Operating
income
|
|
|
27.4 |
|
|
|
28.9 |
|
|
|
30.3 |
|
|
|
38.8 |
|
|
|
20.2 |
|
|
|
34.4 |
|
|
|
40.9 |
|
|
|
52.2 |
|
Net
income
|
|
|
13.5 |
|
|
|
20.6 |
|
|
|
16.8 |
|
|
|
14.5 |
|
|
|
11.8 |
|
|
|
22.1 |
|
|
|
25.6 |
|
|
|
30.3 |
|
Net
income per share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
|
0.21 |
|
|
|
0.32 |
|
|
|
0.26 |
|
|
|
0.23 |
|
|
|
0.19 |
|
|
|
0.35 |
|
|
|
0.41 |
|
|
|
0.48 |
|
Diluted
|
|
|
0.21 |
|
|
|
0.32 |
|
|
|
0.26 |
|
|
|
0.23 |
|
|
|
0.19 |
|
|
|
0.35 |
|
|
|
0.40 |
|
|
|
0.47 |
|
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
Notes to
Concolidated Financial Statements
22. Other
income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net was
$6.6 million of expense in 2009 compared to $24.8 million of expense in
2008. Of this 2008 amount, approximately $18.4 million relates to
foreign currency transaction losses related to the Company’s yen-denominated
debt as the Japanese yen strengthened from 111.45 at December 31, 2007 to 90.73
at December 31, 2008. In addition, the Company recorded foreign
currency transaction losses with respect to its intercompany receivables and
payables with certain of its international affiliates, including markets that
are newly opened or have remained in a loss position since
inception. Generally, foreign currency transaction losses with these
affiliates would be offset by gains related to the foreign currency transactions
of the Company’s yen-based bank debt. However, during 2008, the
Japanese yen strengthened against the U.S. dollar while most foreign currencies
weakened against the U.S. dollar. Other income (expense), net also
includes approximately $6.9 million, $7.8 million and $8.5 million in interest
expense during 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. It is impossible to
predict foreign currency fluctuations. The Company cannot estimate
the degree to which its operations will be impacted in the future, but it
remains subject to these currency risks. However, the majority of these
transaction losses are non-cash, non-operating losses.
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors
and Shareholders of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc.:
In our
opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related
consolidated statements of income, shareholder's equity and
comprehensive income, and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects,
the financial position of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc and its subsidiaries at
December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, and the results of their operations and
their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31,
2009 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in
all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control -
Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company's management is responsible
for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over
financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal
control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's
Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, appearing in Item
9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial
statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based
on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with
the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United
States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits
to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free
of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial
reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the
financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of
internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of
internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material
weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating
effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our
audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary
in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for
our opinions.
A
company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal
control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that
(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail,
accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of
the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are
recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and
expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with
authorizations of management and directors of the company; and
(iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection
of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that
could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because
of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not
prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation
of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may
become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of
compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers
LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers
LLP
Salt Lake
City, Utah
February
26, 2010
|
CHANGES IN AND
DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL
DISCLOSURE
|
None.
Evaluation of
Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Under the
supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of
the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term
is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the
“Exchange Act”)). Disclosure controls and procedures are the controls
and other procedures that we designed to ensure that we record, process,
summarize and report in a timely manner the information we must disclose in
reports that we file with or submit to the Securities and Exchange Commission
under the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive
Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls
and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this
report.
Changes in
Internal Control over Financial Reporting. During the fourth
quarter of 2009, there was no change in our internal control over financial
reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act)
that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our
internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s
Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our
management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal
control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial
reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act as a process
designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal
financial officers and effected by our board of directors, management and other
personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America and includes those policies and procedures
that:
|
•
|
pertain
to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and
fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our
assets;
|
|
•
|
provide
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that
our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with
authorization of management and directors;
and
|
|
•
|
provide
reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of
unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have
a material effect on the financial
statements.
|
Because
of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not
prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation
of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may
become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of
compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Under the
supervision and with the participation of our management, including our
principal executive and principal financial officers, we assessed, as of
December 31, 2009, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial
reporting. This assessment was based on criteria established in the
framework in Internal
Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our assessment,
our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was
effective as of December 31, 2009.
The effectiveness of our internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009 has been audited by
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as
stated in their report which appears herein.
None.
The information required by Items 10,
11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III is hereby incorporated by reference to our
Definitive Proxy Statement filed or to be filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission for our 2010 Annual Meeting of Stockholders except for certain
information required by Item 10 with respect to our executive officers which is
set forth under Item 1 – Business, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and is
incorporated herein by reference.
PART
IV
|
EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL
STATEMENT SCHEDULES
|
Documents
filed as part of this Form 10-K:
|
1.
|
Financial
Statements. See Index to Consolidated Financial
Statements under Item 8 of Part II.
|
|
2.
|
Financial Statement
Schedules. N/A
|
|
3.
|
Exhibits. References
to the “Company” shall mean Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. Exhibits
preceded by an asterisk (*) are management contracts or compensatory plans
or arrangements. Unless otherwise noted, the SEC exhibits number for
exhibits incorporated by reference is
001-12421.
|
3.1
|
Amended
and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form
S-1 (File No. 333-12073) (the “Form S-1”)).
|
|
|
3.2
|
Certificate
of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation.
|
|
|
3.3
|
Certificate
of Designation, Preferences and Relative Participating, Optional and Other
Special Rights of Preferred Stock and Qualifications, Limitations and
Restrictions Thereof (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2004).
|
|
|
3.4
|
Amended
and Restated Bylaws of the Company (as amended) (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2007).
|
|
|
3.5
|
Amendment
to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed
on January 7, 2008).
|
|
|
4.1
|
Specimen
Form of Stock Certificate for Class A Common Stock (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form
S-3 (File No. 333-90716)).
|
|
|
4.2
|
Specimen
Form of Stock Certificate for Class B Common Stock (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form S-1).
|
|
|
10.1
|
Note
Purchase Agreement, dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company and
The Prudential Insurance Company of America (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2005).
|
|
|
10.2
|
First
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated May 1, 2002, between the
Company and The Prudential Insurance Company of America (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2007).
|
|
|
10.3
|
Second
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2003 between
the Company and The Prudential Insurance Company of America (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2003).
|
|
|
10.4
|
Third
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 18, 2004, between
the Company and The Prudential Insurance Company of America (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2004).
|
|
|
10.5
|
Fourth
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2006, between
the Company and The Prudential Insurance Company of America (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on August 23, 2006).
|
|
|
10.6
|
Fifth
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2006, between
the Company and The Prudential Insurance Company of America (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on October 10, 2006).
|
|
|
10.7
|
Sixth
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 7, 2007,
between the Company and The Prudential Insurance Company of America
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report
on Form 8-K filed on November 13, 2007).
|
|
|
10.8
|
Seventh
Amendment to Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 25, 2008,
between the Company and The Prudential Insurance Company of America
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.82 to the Company’s Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
|
|
|
10.9
|
Letter
Agreement between the Company and The Prudential Insurance Company of
America (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to the Company’s
Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 13, 2007).
|
|
|
10.10
|
Letter
Agreement dated October 1, 2009, between the Company and The Prudential
Insurance Company of America.
|
|
|
10.11
|
Credit
Agreement, dated as of May 10, 2001, among the Company, various financial
institutions, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006).
|
|
|
10.12
|
First
Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of December 14, 2001, among the
Company, various financial institutions, and Bank of America, N.A. as
Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2006).
|
|
|
10.13
|
Second
Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 22, 2003 between the
Company, various financial institutions, and Bank of America, N.A. as
Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2003).
|
|
|
10.14
|
Third
Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of May 10, 2004, among the
Company, various financial institutions, and Bank One, N.A. as
Administrative Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1
to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June
30, 2004).
|
|
|
10.15
|
Fourth
Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2006, among the
Company, various financial institutions, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as
Administrative Agent (as successor to Bank One, N.A.) (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on August 23, 2006).
|
|
|
10.16
|
Fifth
Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2006, among the
Company, various financial institutions, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as
Administrative Agent (as successor to Bank One, N.A.) (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on October 10, 2006).
|
|
|
10.17
|
Sixth
Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of August 8, 2007, among the
Company, various financial institutions, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as
Administrative Agent (as successor to Bank One, N.A.) (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
filed August 15, 2007).
|
|
|
10.18
|
Seventh
Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of November 7, 2007, among the
Company, various financial institutions, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as
Administrative Agent (as successor to Bank One, N.A.) (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on November 13, 2007).
|
|
|
10.19
|
Eighth
Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of February 29, 2008, among the
Company, various financial institutions, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as
Administrative Agent (as successor to Bank One, N.A.) (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.87 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2007).
|
|
|
10.20
|
Ninth
Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of August 25, 2009, among the
Company, various financial institutions, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (as
successor to Bank One N.A.) as successor administrative agent
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report
on Form 8-K filed on August 31, 2009).
|
|
|
10.21
|
Letter
Agreement among the Company, various financial institutions, and JPMorgan
Chase Bank, N.A. as Administrative Agent (as successor to Bank One, N.A.)
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.5 to the Company’s Current Report
on Form 8-K filed November 13, 2007).
|
|
|
10.22
|
Private
Shelf Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2003, between the Company and
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. (the “Private Shelf Agreement”)
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Company’s Annual report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
|
|
|
10.23
|
First
Amendment to the Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2003
between the Company and Prudential Investment Management, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.53 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2003).
|
|
|
10.24
|
Second
Amendment to the Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of May 18, 2004,
between the Company, Prudential Investment Management, Inc., and the
holders of the Series A Senior Notes and Series B Senior Notes issued
under the Private Shelf Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
June 30, 2004).
|
|
|
10.25
|
Third
Amendment to the Private Shelf Agreement dated June 13, 2005 between the
Company, Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain other lenders
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,
2005).
|
|
|
10.26
|
Fourth
Amendment to the Private Shelf Agreement dated July 28, 2006 between the
Company, Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain other lenders
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Company’s Current Report
on Form 8-K filed on August 23, 2006).
|
|
|
10.27
|
Fifth
Amendment to the Private Shelf Agreement dated October 5, 2006 between the
Company, Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain other lenders
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Company’s Current Report
on Form 8-K filed on October 10, 2006).
|
|
|
10.28
|
Sixth
Amendment to the Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of November 7, 2007,
between the Company, Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain
other lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Company’s
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 13, 2007).
|
|
|
10.29
|
Seventh
Amendment to the Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of February 25, 2008,
between the Company, Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain
other lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.83 to the Company’s
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2007).
|
|
|
10.30
|
Multi-Currency
Private Shelf Agreement dated as of October 1, 2009, between the Company,
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and certain other
lenders.
|
|
|
10.31
|
Letter
Agreement among the Company, Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and
certain other lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.6 to the
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 13,
2007).
|
|
|
10.32
|
Letter
Agreement dated October 1, 2009, among the Company, Prudential Investment
Management, Inc. and certain other lenders.
|
|
|
10.33
|
Series
A Senior Notes Nos. A-1 to A-5 and Series B Senior Notes B-1 to B-5 issued
October 31, 2003 by the Company to Prudential Investment Management, Inc.
and/or its affiliates pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to the Company’s Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003).
|
|
|
10.34
|
Series
C Senior Notes Nos. C-1 and C-2 issued February 7, 2005 by the Company to
Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and/or its affiliates pursuant to
the Private Shelf Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to
the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 8,
2005).
|
|
|
10.35
|
Series
D Senior Notes Nos. D-1, D-2, D-3 and D-4 issued October 3, 2006 by the
Company to Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and/or its affiliates
pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 99.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 10,
2006).
|
|
|
10.36
|
Series
E Senior Notes Nos. E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4 and E-5 issued January 19, 2007 by
the Company to Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and/or its
affiliates pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
filed January 25, 2007).
|
|
|
10.37
|
Series
E Senior Note E-6, issued July 20, 2007, by the Company to Prudential
Insurance Company of America pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report
on 8-K filed January 14, 2008).
|
|
|
10.38
|
Series
EE Senior Note EE-1, issued January 8, 2008, by the Company to Prudential
Insurance Company of America pursuant to the Private Shelf Agreement
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report
on 8-K filed January 14, 2008).
|
|
|
10.39
|
Series
F Senior Notes Nos. F-1 and F-2 issued September 28, 2007 by the Company
to Prudential Investment Management, Inc. and/or its affiliates pursuant
to the Private Shelf Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1
to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 2007).
|
|
|
10.40
|
Accelerated
Share Repurchase Agreement dated November 7, 2007, between the Company and
JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.7 to
the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 13,
2007).
|
|
|
10.41
|
Pledge
Agreement dated October 12, 2000, by and between the Company and State
Street Bank and Trust Company of California, N.A., acting in its capacity
as collateral agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2005).
|
|
|
10.42
|
Pledge
Amendments executed by the Company dated December 31, 2003 (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2003).
|
|
|
10.43
|
Pledge
Agreement dated as of January 31, 2005 by and among Nu Skin Asia
Investment, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and U.S. Bank
National Association, as agent for and on behalf of the Benefited Parties
under the Amended and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor
Agreement (referred to below) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3
to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on March 10,
2005).
|
|
|
10.44
|
Amended
and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of
August 26, 2003, by and among Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. and various of its
subsidiaries, U.S. Bank National Association, as Collateral Agent, and
various lending institutions (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40
to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December
31, 2008).
|
|
|
10.45
|
Master
Lease Agreement dated January 16, 2003, by and between Nu Skin
International, Inc. and Scrub Oak, LLC (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.36 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2007).
|
|
|
10.46
|
Amendment
No. 1 to the Master Lease Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2003, between
Nu Skin International, Inc. and Scrub Oak, LLC (incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.42 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2008).
|
|
|
10.47
|
Master
Lease Agreement dated January 16, 2003, by and between Nu Skin
International, Inc. and Aspen Country, LLC (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.38 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2007).
|
|
|
10.48
|
Amendment
No. 1 to the Master Lease Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2003, between
Nu Skin International Inc. and Aspen Country, LLC (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.44 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2008).
|
|
|
10.49
|
Amendment
No. 2 to the Master Lease Agreement, effective as of July 1, 2008, between
Nu Skin International, Inc. and Aspen Country, LLC (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.45 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2008).
|
|
|
10.50
|
University
of Utah Research Foundation and Nu Skin International, Inc. Amended and
Restated Patent License Agreement (Exclusive) Dietary Supplement
Preventative Healthcare License dated July 1, 2006 (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.33 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2006).
|
|
|
10.51
|
Form
of Lock-up Agreement executed by certain of the Company’s shareholders
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.47 to the Company’s Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
|
|
|
*10.52
|
Form
of Indemnification Agreement to be entered into between the Company and
certain of its officers and directors (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.48 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2008).
|
|
|
*10.53
|
Amended
and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan, effective as of January 1, 2008
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30,
2007).
|
|
|
*10.54
|
Amendment
to the Deferred Compensation Plan, effective as of January 1, 2009
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.50 to the Company’s Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008).
|
|
|
*10.55
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Trust dated
December 14, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 19,
2005).
|
|
|
*10.56
|
Second
Amended and Restated Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. 1996 Stock Incentive Plan
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company’s Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005).
|
|
|
*10.57
|
Form
of Master Stock Option Agreement (1996 Plan) (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.49 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2007).
|
|
|
*10.58
|
Form
of Stock Option Agreement for Directors (1996 Plan) (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.48 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2006).
|
|
|
*10.59
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on June 1, 2006).
|
|
|
*10.60
|
Form
of Master Stock Option Agreement (2006 Plan) (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the
quarterly period ended September 30,
2006).
|
|
|
*10.61
|
Form
of Master Stock Option Agreement (2006 Plan Performance Option (U.S.))
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.54 to the Company’s Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
|
|
|
*10.62
|
Form
of Master Stock Option Agreement (2006 Plan Performance Option (non-U.S.))
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.55 to the Company’s Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
|
|
|
*10.63
|
Form
of Master Stock Option Agreement for Directors (2006 Plan) (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.59 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2008).
|
|
|
*10.64
|
Form
of Director Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (2006 Plan) (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended June 30, 2007).
|
|
|
*10.65
|
Form
of Master Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (2006 Plan) (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2006).
|
|
|
*10.66
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. 2006 Senior Executive Incentive Plan (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K
filed on June 1, 2006).
|
|
|
*10.67
|
Performance
Targets and Formulas 2008 (Approved under the 2006 Senior Executive
Incentive Plan) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.63 to the
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2007).
|
|
|
*10.68
|
Performance
Targets and Formulas for 2009 (Approved under the 2006 Senior Executive
Incentive Plan) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.64 to the
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2008).
|
|
|
*10.69
|
Nu
Skin Enterprises, Inc. Senior Executive Benefits Policy, effective as of
July 21, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,
2005).
|
|
|
*10.70
|
Summary
Description of Nu Skin Japan Director Retirement Allowance Plan
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.52 to the Company’s Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year 2006).
|
|
|
*10.69
|
Nu
Skin International, Inc. 1997 Key Employee Death Benefit Plan
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.59 to the Company’s Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003).
|
|
|
*10.70
|
Employment
Letter between the Company and Truman Hunt dated January 17, 2003
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.67 to the Company’s Annual Report
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007).
|
|
|
*10.71
|
Summary
of Modifications to Truman Hunt’s Employment Letter (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.69 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2008).
|
|
|
*10.72
|
Joseph
Y. Chang Employment Agreement dated November 9, 2009, between Mr. Chang
and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the
Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September
30, 2009).
|
|
|
*10.73
|
Daniel
Chard Employment Agreement effective February 13, 2006 between Mr. Chard
and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to the
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2006).
|
|
|
*10.74
|
Summary
of Modifications to Dan Chard’s Employment Letter (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 2009).
|
|
|
*10.75
|
Summary
of Non-management Director Standard Compensation (effective January 1,
2007) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.63 to the Company’s Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2006).
|
|
|
*10.76
|
Event
Appearance Bonus Guidelines (Approved for Sandra Tillotson in October
2006) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.68 to the Company’s Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2006).
|
|
|
*10.77
|
Ashok
Pahwa Employment Letter dated May 8, 2008, between Mr. Pahwa and the
Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.74 to the Company’s
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2008).
|
|
|
*10.78
|
Gary
Sumihiro Employment Letter dated March 16, 2007 between Mr. Sumihiro and
the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter that ended June 30,
2007).
|
|
|
*10.79
|
Gary
Sumihiro Settlement and Release Agreement dated March 1, 2009, between Mr.
Sumihiro and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the
Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31,
2009).
|
|
|
*10.80
|
Gary
Sumihiro Consulting Agreement dated March 1, 2009, between Mr. Sumihiro
and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the
Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31,
2009).
|
|
|
*10.81
|
Form
of Key Employee Covenants (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to
the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30,
2007).
|
|
|
21.1
|
Subsidiaries
of the Company.
|
|
|
23.1
|
Consent
of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
|
|
|
31.1
|
Certification
by M. Truman Hunt, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule
13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
|
|
|
31.2
|
Certification
by Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
|
|
32.1
|
Certification
by M. Truman Hunt, President and Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to
Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
|
|
|
32.2
|
Certification
by Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 1350,
Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section
906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
|
Pursuant to the requirements of Section
13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly
caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized on February 26, 2010.
|
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES,
INC. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
By:
|
/s/ M.
Truman Hunt |
|
|
|
M.
Truman Hunt, Chief Executive Officer |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pursuant to the requirements of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the
following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on
February 26, 2010.
Signatures
|
|
Capacity
in Which Signed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Blake M. Roney
|
|
Chairman
of the Board
|
Blake
M. Roney
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
M. Truman Hunt
|
|
President
and Chief Executive Officer and Director
|
M.
Truman Hunt
|
|
(Principal
Executive Officer)
|
|
|
|
/s/
Ritch N. Wood
|
|
Chief
Financial Officer
|
Ritch
N. Wood
|
|
(Principal
Financial Officer and Accounting Officer)
|
|
|
|
/s/
Sandra N. Tillotson
|
|
Senior
Vice President, Director
|
Sandra
N. Tillotson
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Steven J. Lund
|
|
Director
|
Steven
J. Lund
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Daniel W. Campbell
|
|
Director
|
Daniel
W. Campbell
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
E.J. “Jake” Garn
|
|
Director
|
E.
J. “Jake” Garn
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Andrew D. Lipman
|
|
Director
|
Andrew
D. Lipman
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Patricia A. Negrón
|
|
Director
|
Patricia
A. Negrón
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
David D. Ussery
|
|
Director
|
David
D. Ussery
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Thomas R. Pisano
|
|
Director
|
Thomas
R. Pisano
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/
Nevin N. Andersen
|
|
Director
|
Nevin
N. Andersen
|
|
|
ex3-2.htm
CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT
OF
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
Nu Skin Asia Pacific,
Inc., a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the General
Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, Does Hereby Certify:
First: That the Board of
Directors of Nu Skin Asia Pacific, Inc. duly adopted a resolution setting forth
a proposed amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation of the corporation,
declaring the proposed amendment to be advisable and in the best interest of the
corporation and its stockholders, and directing that the proposed amendment be
considered at the next annual meeting of the stockholders of the corporation.
The resolution setting forth the proposed amendment is as follows:
Resolved, that Paragraph
1. of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation is hereby amended,
subject to stockholder approval, to read in its entirety as follows:
“1.
The name of the corporation is Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. (the “Corporation”).”
Second: That thereafter,
pursuant to resolution of its Board of Directors and upon the vote of its
stockholders at the 1998 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the necessary number of
shares as required by statute were voted in favor of the amendment.
Third: That said
amendment was duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of
the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, said
corporation has caused this Certificate to be signed by Steven J. Lund,
President and Chief Executive Officer, and attested by Keith R. Halls,
Secretary, this 5th day of May 1998.
NU SKIN ASIA PACIFIC,
INC.
By: /s/ Steven J.
Lund
Steven J.
Lund
President and Chief Executive
Officer
ATTEST:
/s/ Keith R.
Halls
Keith R. Halls
Secretary
ex10-10.htm
October
1, 2009
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
One Nu
Skin Plaza
75 West
Center Street
Provo,
Utah 84601
Attention:
Chief Financial Officer
Re: Consent to Covenant
Compliance - Note Purchase Agreement dated as of
October 12,
2000
Ladies
and Gentlemen:
Reference
is made to (a) the Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 12, 2000 (as
amended
or otherwise modified from time to time, the "Agreement"), by and between Nu
Skin Enterprises,
Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and The Prudential Insurance
Company
of America "Prudential"), and (b) the Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of
October
1, 2009 (the "2009 Agreement"), by and between the Company and each Issuer
Subsidiary
(as defined therein) which becomes party thereto, on the one hand, and
Prudential Investment
Management, Inc. ("PIM") and each Prudential Affiliate (as defined therein)
which becomes
party thereto, on the other hand. Capitalized terms not defined
herein shall have the meanings
given to such terms in the Agreement.
Pursuant
to the request of the Company and Section 17.1 of the Agreement,
Prudential agrees
that:
1. The
Company shall be deemed to be in compliance with or in default under (as
the case
may be) Section 9 (Affirmative Covenants) other than Sections 9.6 by
being in
compliance with or in default under (as the case may be) Section 9 (Affirmative
Covenants) of the of the 2009 Agreement as the same may be
amended
from time to time with the written consent of Prudential and the required
holders
of notes thereunder. No termination of the 2009 Agreement in whole or
in part
shall affect the continued application hereunder of Section 9 thereof and,
upon the
written request of either the Required Holders of the Notes or the Company,
Section 9 of the Agreement shall be amended to restate such section in
substantially
the same form as then existing in Section 9 of the 2009 Agreement.
2. The
Company shall be deemed to be in compliance with or in default under
(as the case
may be) Section 10 (Negative Covenants) by being in compliance with or
in
default under (as the case may be) Section 10 (Negative Covenants) of the of the
2009 Agreement as the same may be amended from time to time with the written
consent of Prudential and the required holders of notes
thereunder. No termination
of the 2009 Agreement in whole or in part shall affect the continued
application
hereunder of Section 10 thereof and, upon the written request of either
the
Required Holders of the Notes or the Company, Section 10 of the Agreement
shall be
amended to restate such section in substantially the same form as then
existing
in Section 10 of the 2009 Agreement.
This
document may be executed in multiple counterparts, which together shall
constitute a single
document.
This
letter agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with, and the
rights of the
parties shall be governed by, the internal laws of the State of New York,
excluding choice-of-law principles of the law of such state that would require
the application of the laws of a
jurisdiction
other than such state.
[Signature
pages follow.]
Sincerely,
THE PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE COMPANY OF
AMERICA
By: /s/
Iris Krause
Its: Vice
President
Accepted
and agreed to, effective
the date
first appearing above:
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.,
a
Delaware corporation
By:
/s/ Brian R. Lords
Vice President and Treasurer
The
undersigned Subsidiary Guarantors
hereby
consent and agree to the
foregoing,
and to each previous
amendment
to the Note Purchase Agreement,
dated as
of October 12, 2000.
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES HONG KONG,
INC., a Delaware
corporation
NU
SKIN INTERNATIONAL, INC.,
a Utah
corporation
NU
SKIN TAIWAN, INC.,
a Utah
corporation
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES UNITED STATES,
INC., a Delaware
corporation
NSE
PRODUCTS, INC.,
a
Delaware corporation
NU
SKIN ASIA INVESTMENT, INC.,
a
Delaware corporation
By: /s/
D. Matthew Dorny
Vice President
ex10-30.htm
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
$100,000,000
MULTI-CURRENCY
PRIVATE
SHELF FACILITY
PRIVATE
SHELF AGREEMENT
October 1,
2009
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
One
Nu Skin Plaza
75
West Center Street
Provo,
Utah 84601
October 1, 2009
Prudential
Investment Management, Inc. (“Prudential”)
Each
Prudential Affiliate (as hereinafter
defined)
which becomes bound by certain
provisions
of this Agreement as hereinafter
provided
(together with Prudential,
the
“Purchasers”)
c/o
Prudential Capital Group
Four
Embarcadero Center
Suite
2700
San
Francisco, California 94111
Ladies
and Gentlemen:
The
undersigned, Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and each Issuer
Subsidiary which from time to time may execute a Confirmation of Acceptance or
issue Notes hereunder, hereby agree with the Purchasers as follows:
1. AUTHORIZATION
OF ISSUE OF NOTES.
The
Company (or in the case of an Issuer Subsidiary, such Issuer
Subsidiary) may authorize the issue of its senior promissory notes
(the “Notes”) in the
aggregate principal amount of $100,000,000 (including the equivalent in the
Available Currencies), to be dated the date of issue thereof, to mature, in the
case of each Note so issued, no more than ten years after the date of original
issuance thereof, to have an average life of not more than seven years, to bear
interest on the unpaid balance thereof from the date thereof at the rate per
annum, and to have such other particular terms, as shall be set forth, in the
case of each Note so issued, in the Confirmation of Acceptance with respect to
such Note delivered pursuant to Section 2B(5), and to be substantially in the
form of Exhibit
A attached hereto. The terms “Note” and “Notes” as used herein shall
include each Note delivered pursuant to any provision of this Agreement and each
Note delivered in substitution or exchange for any such Note pursuant to any
such provision. Notes which have (i) the same final maturity, (ii)
the same scheduled principal prepayment dates, (iii) the same principal
prepayment amounts (as a percentage of the original principal amount of each
Note), (iv) the same interest rate, (v) the same interest payment periods, (vi)
the same currency specification, (vii) the same issuer, and (viii) the same date
of issuance (which, in the case of a Note issued in exchange for another Note,
shall be deemed for these purposes the date on which such Note’s ultimate
predecessor Note was issued), are herein called a “Series” of
Notes. The Notes shall at all times be guaranteed by all current and
future Material Domestic Subsidiaries of the Company (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”)
pursuant to the Subsidiary Guaranty, and shall at all times be secured by a
pledge of the Pledged Securities of each Material Foreign Subsidiary pursuant to
the Pledge Agreement. Certain capitalized terms used in this
Agreement are defined in Schedule A;
references to a “Schedule” or an “Exhibit” are, unless otherwise specified, to a
Schedule or an Exhibit attached to this Agreement.
2. PURCHASE
AND SALE OF NOTES.
2A [Intentionally
Omitted.]
2B(1). Facility. Prudential
is willing to consider, in its sole discretion and within limits which may be
authorized for purchase by Prudential and Prudential Affiliates from time to
time, the purchase of Notes pursuant to this Agreement. The
willingness of Prudential to consider such purchase of Notes is herein called
the “Facility.” At any
time, the aggregate principal amount of Notes stated in Section 1, minus the aggregate
principal amount of Notes purchased and sold pursuant to this Agreement prior to
such time, minus the aggregate
principal amount of Accepted Notes (as hereinafter defined) which have not yet
been purchased and sold hereunder prior to such time, is herein called the
“Available Facility
Amount” at such time. For purposes of the preceding sentence,
all aggregate principal amounts of Notes and Accepted Notes shall be calculated
in Dollars with the aggregate amount of any Notes denominated or Accepted Notes
to be denominated in any Available Currency other than Dollars being converted
to Dollars at the rate of exchange used by Prudential to calculate the Dollar
equivalent at the time of the applicable Acceptance under Section
2B(5). NOTWITHSTANDING THE WILLINGNESS OF
PRUDENTIAL TO CONSIDER PURCHASES OF NOTES, THIS AGREEMENT IS ENTERED INTO ON THE
EXPRESS UNDERSTANDING THAT NEITHER PRUDENTIAL NOR ANY PRUDENTIAL AFFILIATE SHALL
BE OBLIGATED TO MAKE OR ACCEPT OFFERS TO PURCHASE NOTES, OR TO QUOTE RATES,
SPREADS OR OTHER TERMS WITH RESPECT TO SPECIFIC PURCHASES OF NOTES, AND THE
FACILITY SHALL IN NO WAY BE CONSTRUED AS A COMMITMENT BY PRUDENTIAL OR ANY
PRUDENTIAL AFFILIATE.
2B(2). Issuance
Period. Notes may be issued and sold pursuant to this
Agreement until the earlier of (i) the third anniversary of the date of this
Agreement (or if such anniversary is not a New York Business Day, the New York
Business Day next preceding such anniversary) and (ii) the thirtieth day after
Prudential shall have given to the Company, or the Company shall have given to
Prudential, written notice stating that it elects to terminate the issuance and
sale of Notes pursuant to this Agreement (or if such thirtieth (30) day is not a
New York Business Day, the New York Business Day next preceding such thirtieth
(30) day). The period during which Notes may be issued and sold
pursuant to this Agreement is herein called the “Issuance Period.”
2B(3). Request for
Purchase. The Company may from time to time during the
Issuance Period make requests for purchases of Notes (each such request being
herein called a “Request for
Purchase”). Each Request for Purchase shall be made to
Prudential by telefacsimile or overnight delivery service to the applicable
address set forth in the Information Schedule, and shall (i) specify the
currency (which shall be an Available Currency) of the Notes covered thereby,
(ii) specify the aggregate principal amount of Notes covered thereby, which, in
the case of the initial draw, shall not be less than $10,000,000 (or its
equivalent in another Available Currency) or which, in the case of any
subsequent draw, shall not be less than $5,000,000 (or its equivalent in another
Available Currency), and not be greater than the Available Facility Amount at
the time such Request for Purchase is made, (iii) specify the principal amounts,
final maturities, principal prepayment dates and amounts and interest payment
periods (quarterly or semi-annually in arrears) of the Notes covered thereby,
(iv) specify the use of proceeds of such Notes, (v) specify the proposed day for
the closing of the purchase and sale of such Notes, which shall be a Business
Day during the Issuance Period not less than 6 Business Days (or, if the issuer
of such notes will be an Issuer Subsidiary organized in a jurisdiction outside
of the United States, not less than 15 Business Days) and not more than 42 days
after the making of such Request for Purchase, (vi) specify the number of the
account and the name and address of the depository institution to which the
purchase prices of such Notes are to be transferred on the Closing Day for such
purchase and sale, (vii) certify that the representations and warranties
contained in Section 5 are true on and as of the date of such Request for
Purchase and that there exists on the date of such Request for Purchase no Event
of Default or Default, (viii) specify the issuer of the Notes (which shall be
the Company or an Issuer Subsidiary), and (ix) be substantially in the form of
Exhibit B
attached hereto. Each Request for Purchase shall be deemed made when
received by Prudential.
2B(4). Rate Quotes. Not
later than two (2) Business Days after the Company shall have given Prudential a
Request for Purchase pursuant to Section 2B(3), Prudential may, but shall be
under no obligation to, provide to the Company by telephone or telefacsimile, in
each case between 9:30 a.m. and 1:30 p.m. New York City local time (or such
later time as Prudential may elect) interest rate quotes for the several
currencies, principal amounts, maturities, principal prepayment schedules, and
interest payment periods of Notes specified in such Request for Purchase (each
such interest rate quote provided in response to a Request for Purchase herein
called a “Quotation”). Each
Quotation shall represent the interest rate per annum payable on the outstanding
principal balance of such Notes at which Prudential or a Prudential Affiliate
would be willing to purchase such Notes at 100% of the principal amount
thereof.
2B(5). Acceptance. Within
the Acceptance Window, an Authorized Officer of the Company may, subject to
Section 2B(6), elect to accept a Quotation as to the aggregate principal amount
of the Notes specified in the related Request for Purchase (each such Note being
herein called an “Accepted
Note” and such acceptance being herein called an “Acceptance”). The
day the Company notifies an Acceptance with respect to any Accepted Notes is
herein called the “Acceptance
Day” for such Accepted Notes. Any Quotation as to which
Prudential does not receive an Acceptance within the Acceptance Window shall
expire, and no purchase or sale of Notes hereunder shall be made based on any
such expired Quotation. Subject to Section 2B(6) and the other terms
and conditions hereof, the Company agrees to sell (or to cause the applicable
Issuer Subsidiary to sell) to Prudential or one or more Prudential Affiliates,
and Prudential agrees to purchase, or to cause the purchase by one or more
Prudential Affiliates of, the Accepted Notes at 100% of the principal amount of
such Notes, which purchase price shall be paid in the currency in which such
Notes are to be denominated. As soon as practicable following the
Acceptance Day, the Company, the Issuer Subsidiary (if applicable), Prudential
and each Prudential Affiliate which is to purchase any such Accepted Notes will
execute a confirmation of such Acceptance substantially in the form of Exhibit C attached
hereto (herein called a “Confirmation of
Acceptance”). If the Company and the Issuer Subsidiary (if
applicable) should fail to execute and return to Prudential within three
Business Days following receipt thereof a Confirmation of Acceptance with
respect to any Accepted Notes, Prudential may at its election at any time prior
to its receipt thereof cancel the closing with respect to such Accepted Notes by
so notifying the Company in writing.
2B(6). Market
Disruption. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2B(5),
any Quotation provided pursuant to Section 2B(4) shall expire if prior to the
time an Acceptance with respect to such Quotation shall have been notified to
Prudential in accordance with Section 2B(5): (i) in the case of any
Notes, the domestic market for U.S. Treasury securities or derivatives shall
have closed or there shall have occurred a general suspension, material
limitation, or significant disruption of trading in securities generally on the
New York Stock Exchange or in the domestic market for U.S. Treasury securities
or derivatives, or (ii) in the case of Notes to be denominated in a currency
other than Dollars, the markets for the relevant government securities (which in
the case of the Euro, shall be the German Bund) or the spot and forward currency
market, the financial futures market or the interest rate swap market shall have
closed or there shall have occurred a general suspension, material limitation,
or significant disruption of trading. No purchase or sale of Notes
hereunder shall be made based on such expired Quotation. If the
Company thereafter notifies Prudential of the Acceptance of any such Quotation,
such Acceptance shall be ineffective for all purposes of this Agreement, and
Prudential shall promptly notify the Company that the provisions of this Section
2B(6) are applicable with respect to such Acceptance.
2B(7). Facility
Closings. Not later than 2:00 p.m. (New York City local time)
on the Document Delivery Date for any Accepted Notes, the Company will deliver
to each Purchaser listed in the Confirmation of Acceptance relating thereto at
the offices of Prudential Capital Group (as set forth in this Agreement or such
alternative address as is provided to the Company pursuant to Section 18(a)),
the Accepted Notes to be purchased by such Purchaser in the form of one or more
Notes in authorized denominations as such Purchaser may request for each Series
of Accepted Notes to be purchased on the Closing Day, dated the Closing Day and
registered in such Purchaser’s name (or in the name of its nominee), against
payment on the Closing Day of the purchase price thereof by transfer of
immediately available funds for credit to the Company’s account specified in the
Request for Purchase of such Notes. If the Company fails to timely
tender to any Purchaser the Accepted Notes to be purchased by such Purchaser on
the applicable Document Delivery Date, or any of the conditions specified in
Section 3 shall not have been fulfilled by the time required on the applicable
Document Delivery Date, the Company shall, prior to 2:30 p.m., New York City
local time, on the applicable Document Delivery Date notify Prudential (which
notification shall be deemed received by each Purchaser) in writing whether (i)
such closing is to be rescheduled (such rescheduled date to be a Business Day
during the Issuance Period not less than one (1) day and not more than ten (10)
days after such scheduled Closing Day (the “Rescheduled Closing Day”)) and
certify to Prudential (which certification shall be for the benefit of each
Purchaser) that the Company reasonably believes that it will be able to comply
with the conditions set forth in Section 3 on the Document Delivery Date
applicable to such Rescheduled Closing Day and that the Company will pay the
Delayed Delivery Fee in accordance with Section 2B(8)(iii) or (ii) such closing
is to be canceled. In the event that the Company shall fail to give
such notice referred to in the second preceding sentence, Prudential (on behalf
of each Purchaser) may at its election, at any time after 2:30 p.m., New York
City local time, on such Document Delivery Date, notify the Company in writing
that such closing is to be canceled. Notwithstanding anything to the
contrary appearing in this Agreement, the Company may not elect to reschedule a
closing with respect to any given Accepted Notes on more than one occasion,
unless Prudential shall have otherwise consented in writing.
2B(8). Fees.
2B(8)(i) Structuring Fee. In
consideration for the time, effort and expense involved in the structuring of
this transaction and the preparation, negotiation and execution of this
Agreement, at the time of the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the
Company and Prudential, the Company will pay to Prudential in immediately
available funds a fee (herein called the “Structuring Fee”) in the
amount of $35,000.
2B(8)(ii). Issuance Fee. The
Company will pay to each Purchaser in immediately available funds a fee (herein
called the “Issuance
Fee”) on each Closing Day in an amount equal to 0.10% of the Dollar
equivalent of the aggregate principal amount of Notes to be sold to such
Purchaser on such Closing Day (calculated for Notes which are to be denominated
in an Available Currency other than Dollars using the rate of exchange used by
Prudential to calculate the Dollar equivalent at the time of the applicable
Acceptance under Section 2B(5)). Such fee shall be payable in
Dollars.
2B(8)(iii). Delayed Delivery
Fee. If the closing of the purchase and sale of any Accepted
Note is delayed for any reason beyond the original Closing Day for such Accepted
Note, the Company shall pay the Purchaser which shall have agreed to purchase
such Accepted Note, on the Cancellation Date or Document Delivery Date
applicable to the actual Closing Day of such purchase and sale, an amount (the
“Delayed Delivery Fee”)
equal to
(a) in
the case of an Accepted Note denominated in Dollars, the product of (1) the
amount determined by Prudential to be the amount by which the bond equivalent
yield per annum of such Accepted Note exceeds the investment rate per annum on
an alternative Dollar investment of the highest quality selected by Prudential
and having a maturity date or dates the same as, or closest to, the Rescheduled
Closing Day from time to time fixed for the delayed delivery of such Accepted
Note, (2) the principal amount of such Accepted Note, and (3) a fraction the
numerator of which is equal to the number of actual days elapsed from and
including the original Closing Day for such Accepted Note to but excluding the
date of such payment, and the denominator of which is 360; and
(b) in
the case of an Accepted Note denominated in a currency other than Dollars, the
sum of (1) the product of (x) the amount by which the bond equivalent yield per
annum of such Accepted Note exceeds the arithmetic average of the Overnight
Interest Rates on each day from and including the original Closing Day for such
Accepted Note, (y) the principal amount of such Accepted Note, and (z) a
fraction the numerator of which is equal to the number of actual days elapsed
from and including the original Closing Day for such Accepted Note to but
excluding the date of such payment, and the denominator of which is 360 and (2)
the costs and expenses (if any) incurred by such Purchaser or its affiliates
with respect to any interest rate, currency exchange or similar agreement
entered into by the Purchaser or any such affiliate in connection with the
delayed closing of such Accepted Notes.
In no
case shall the Delayed Delivery Fee be less than zero. The Delayed
Delivery Fee shall be paid in the currency in which the Accepted Notes are
denominated. Nothing contained herein shall obligate any Purchaser to
purchase any Accepted Note on any day other than the Closing Day for such
Accepted Note, as the same may be rescheduled from time to time in compliance
with Section 2B(7). Notwithstanding the foregoing,
no Delayed Delivery Fee shall be due to any Purchaser which shall have failed to
purchase an Accepted Note when each of the conditions precedent in Section 3
(other than the condition set forth in Section 3B) has been timely satisfied on
the applicable Document Delivery Date.
2B(8)(iv). Cancellation
Fee. If (a) the Company at any time notifies Prudential in
writing that the Company is canceling the closing of the purchase and sale of
any Accepted Note, or (b) if Prudential notifies the Company in writing under
the circumstances set forth in the penultimate sentence of Section 2B(7) that
the closing of the purchase and sale of such Accepted Note is to be canceled, or
(c) if the closing of the purchase and sale of such Accepted Note is not
consummated on or prior to the last day of the Issuance Period (the date of any
such notification, or the last day of the Issuance Period, as the case may be,
being herein called the “Cancellation Date”), the
Company shall pay the Purchaser which shall have agreed to purchase such
Accepted Note in immediately available funds on the Cancellation Date an amount
(the “Cancellation Fee”)
equal to
(a) in
the case of an Accepted Note denominated in Dollars, the product of (1) the
principal amount of such Accepted Note and (2) the quotient (expressed in
decimals) obtained by dividing (y) the excess of the ask price (as determined by
Prudential) of the Hedge Treasury Note(s) on the Cancellation Date over the bid
price (as determined by Prudential) of the Hedge Treasury Note(s) on the
Acceptance Day for such Accepted Note by (z) such bid price, with the foregoing
bid and ask prices as reported on TradeWeb, or if such information ceases to be
available on TradeWeb, any publicly available source of such market data
selected by Prudential, and rounded to the second decimal place;
and
(b) in
the case of an Accepted Note denominated in a currency other than Dollars, the
sum of (1) the amount described in clause (a) above (calculated with respect to
the Dollar principal amount and interest rate utilized by Prudential in
providing the Quotation pursuant to Section 2B(4) relevant to such Accepted
Note) and (2) aggregate of all unwinding costs incurred by such Purchaser or its
Affiliates on positions executed by or on behalf of such Purchaser or such
Affiliates in connection with the proposed lending in such currency and fixing
the coupon in such currency, provided, however, that any
gain realized upon the unwinding of any such positions described in this clause
(2) shall be offset against any such unwinding costs described in this clause
(2). Such positions include (without limitation) currency and
interest rate swaps, futures and forwards, government bond hedges and currency
exchange contracts, all of which may be subject to substantial price
volatility. Such costs may also include (without limitation) losses
incurred by such Purchaser or its affiliates as a result of fluctuations in
exchange rates. All unwinding costs incurred by such Purchaser shall
be determined by Prudential or its affiliate in accordance with generally
accepted financial practice. It is acknowledged that a Purchaser of a
Note which is to be denominated in a currency other than Dollars may, for the
purpose of achieving short form hedge accounting treatment under Financial
Accounting Standard 133, elect to enter into replacement positions (including
replacement currency and interest rate swaps) between the Acceptance Day and
Closing Day for such Note, and that any calculation of a Cancellation Fee under
Section 2B8(iv)(b) shall take into account all gains and losses realized in
connection with the unwinding of both the original positions and such
replacement positions.
In no
case shall the Cancellation Fee be less than zero. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, no Cancellation Fee shall be due to any Purchaser which shall
have failed to purchase an Accepted Note when each of the conditions precedent
in Section 3 (other than the condition set forth in Section 3B) has been timely
satisfied on the applicable Document Delivery Date.
3. CONDITIONS
OF CLOSING.
On or
before the date on which this Agreement is executed and delivered, (i) the
Company shall pay to Prudential the Structuring Fee referenced in Section
2B(8)(i), (ii) the Company’s bank agreement, as amended, shall have been
delivered to Prudential and shall be in form and content satisfactory to
Prudential, (iii) the Subsidiary Guaranty shall have been duly executed and
delivered by each Subsidiary Guarantor and shall be in full force and effect and
Prudential shall have received a copy thereof, and (iv) the Amended and Restated
Subordination Agreement shall have been duly executed and delivered by the
Company and each Subordinated Creditor named therein and shall be in full force
and effect and Prudential shall have received a copy thereof. The
obligation of any Purchaser to purchase and pay for any Notes is subject to the
satisfaction, on or before the applicable Document Delivery Date for such Notes,
of the foregoing conditions and the following additional
conditions:
3A. Certain
Documents. Such Purchaser shall have received the following,
each dated the date of the applicable Closing Day (except as otherwise noted
below):
(i) The
Note(s) to be purchased by such Purchaser.
(ii) Certified
copies of the resolutions of (a) the Board of Directors of the Company
authorizing the execution and delivery of this Agreement (including the
provision of the Parent Guaranty), the Collateral Documents and the issuance of
the Notes, and of all documents evidencing other necessary corporate action and
governmental approvals, if any, with respect to this Agreement, the Collateral
Documents and the Notes, (b) the Board of Directors (or comparable governing
body) of each of the Subsidiary Guarantors authorizing the execution
and delivery of the Collateral Documents and (c), if applicable, certified
copies of resolutions of the Board of Directors (or comparable governing body)
of the Issuer Subsidiary authorizing execution and delivery of the Notes and of
a Confirmation of Acceptance with respect to this Agreement and the
Notes.
(iii) Certificates
of the Secretary or Assistant Secretary and one other officer of each of the
Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors, and, if applicable, the Issuer Subsidiary
certifying the names and true signatures of the officers of the Company, the
Subsidiary Guarantors and, if applicable, the Issuer Subsidiary authorized to
sign this Agreement, the Collateral Documents, the applicable Confirmation of
Acceptance and the Notes (as applicable) and the other documents to be delivered
hereunder or thereunder.
(iv) Certified
copies of the Company’s, each Subsidiary Guarantor’s, and, if applicable, the
Issuer Subsidiary’s Certificate of Incorporation and By-laws (or comparable
governing documents).
(v) A
favorable opinion of the General Counsel of the Company, the
Subsidiary Guarantors and, if applicable, the Issuer Subsidiary (or such other
counsel designated by the Company and acceptable to the Purchaser(s)) and
substantially in the form of Exhibit D attached
hereto, and as to such other matters as such Purchaser may reasonably request
and (b) if Notes are to be issued by an Issuer Subsidiary which is not organized
or incorporated under United States law, a favorable opinion of special counsel
to such Issuer Subsidiary, which special counsel shall be satisfactory to the
Purchasers and admitted to practice in the jurisdiction in which such Issuer
Subsidiary is incorporated or organized, addressing such matters as the
Purchasers may require. The Company and, if applicable, the
Issuer Subsidiary hereby direct each such counsel to deliver such opinion, agree
that the issuance and sale of any Notes will constitute a reconfirmation of such
authorization, and understand and agree that each Purchaser receiving each such
opinion(s) will and is hereby authorized to rely on such
opinion(s).
(vi) A
good standing (or equivalent) certificate for each of the Company, the
Subsidiary Guarantors and, if applicable, the Issuer Subsidiary from the
secretary of state (or equivalent official) of its jurisdiction of organization
dated as of a recent date and such other evidence of the status of the Company,
the Subsidiary Guarantors, and, if applicable, the Issuer Subsidiary as such
Purchaser may reasonably request.
(vii) Additional
documents or certificates with respect to legal matters or corporate or other
proceedings related to the transactions contemplated hereby as may be reasonably
requested by such Purchaser.
For
Closing Days subsequent to the Closing Day on which Notes are first issued, the
requirements of clauses (ii), (iii) and (iv) above may, to the extent
appropriate, be satisfied by delivery of “bring-down” certifications from the
applicable officers.
3B. Opinion of Purchaser’s Special
Counsel. If Notes are to be issued by an Issuer Subsidiary
which is not organized or incorporated under United States law, such Purchaser
shall have received from its special U.S. counsel and special foreign counsel,
favorable opinions satisfactory to such Purchaser as to such matters incident to
the matters herein contemplated as it may reasonably request.
3C. Representations and Warranties; No
Default. The representations and warranties contained in
Section 5 shall be true on and as of such Closing Day; there shall exist on such
Closing Day no Event of Default or Default; and the Company shall have delivered
to such Purchaser an Officer’s Certificate, dated such Closing Day, to both such
effects.
3D. Purchase Permitted by Applicable
Laws. On such Closing Day each Purchaser’s purchase of Notes
shall (i) be permitted by the laws and regulations of each jurisdiction to which
such Purchaser is subject, without recourse to provisions (such as Section
1405(a)(8) of the New York Insurance Law) permitting limited investments by
insurance companies without restriction as to the character of the particular
investment, (ii) not violate any applicable law or regulation (including,
without limitation, Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the
Federal Reserve System) and (iii) not subject such Purchaser to any tax, penalty
or liability on the date thereof. If requested by a Purchaser, it
shall have received an Officer’s Certificate certifying as to such matters of
fact as it may reasonably specify to enable it to determine whether such
purchase is so permitted.
3E. Payment of
Fees. The Company shall have paid to Prudential any fees due
it pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement, including any remaining
balance of the Structuring Fee due pursuant to Section 2B8(i), any Issuance Fee
due pursuant to Section 2B(8)(ii), and any Delayed Delivery Fee due pursuant to
Section 2B(8)(iii).
3F. Amended and Restated Collateral
Agency and Intercreditor Agreement. (i) The Purchasers, if not
then a party to the Amended and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor
Agreement, shall have duly executed and delivered the Counterpart Amended and
Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement to the Collateral Agent
and such Counterpart shall be in full force and effect.
(ii) If
the Notes are to be issued by a foreign Issuer Subsidiary, (a) the sharing
provisions in the Amended and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor
Agreement shall have been modified to Prudential’s satisfaction to reflect the
fact that not all lenders party thereto have a claim against such foreign Issuer
Subsidiary and (b) the consent contemplated by section 10(g) of the Amended and
Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement shall have been received
by, and be in form and content satisfactory to, Prudential.
3G. Issuer Subsidiary Counterpart; Bank
Consent. The applicable Issuer Subsidiary, if not then a party
to the Amended and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement, shall
have duly executed and delivered the Issuer Subsidiary Counterpart to the
Collateral Agent and Prudential and such Counterpart shall be in full force and
effect, and any consent required by Section 10g of the Amended and Restated
Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement shall have been received by the
Purchasers and be in form and content satisfactory to them.
3H. Subsidiary Guaranty; Pledge
Agreement. Any Issuer Subsidiary, (i) which is a Domestic
Subsidiary and not then a party to the Subsidiary Guaranty, shall have duly
executed and delivered the Subsidiary Guaranty to the holders of the Notes and
such Issuer Subsidiary shall have duly executed and delivered a substantially
similar guaranty to, and for the benefit of. each Senior Secured Creditor party
to the Amended and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement, and
such guaranties, shall be in full force and effect and (ii) which is a Foreign
Subsidiary whose equity securities are not then Pledged Securities, shall have
caused such equity securities to become Pledged Securities, in each case as
contemplated by Section 9.6.
4. [Intentionally
Omitted.]
5. REPRESENTATIONS
AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY.
The
Company represents and warrants to each Purchaser that:
5.1 Organization; Power and
Authority.
The
Company is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing
under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation, and is duly qualified as a
foreign corporation and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which such
qualification is required by law, other than those jurisdictions as to which the
failure to be so qualified or in good standing could not, individually or in the
aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect. The Company has the corporate power and authority to own or
hold under lease the properties it purports to own or hold under lease, to
transact the business it transacts and proposes to transact, to execute and
deliver this Agreement, the Collateral Documents to which it is a party and the
Notes, and to perform the provisions hereof and thereof.
5.2 Authorization,
etc.
This
Agreement, the Notes and the Collateral Documents to which the Company or any
Issuer Subsidiary is a party have been duly authorized by all necessary
corporate (or other applicable) action on the part of the Company and such
Issuer Subsidiary, and this Agreement and each of the Collateral Documents to
which it is a party constitutes, and upon execution and delivery thereof each
Note will constitute, a legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company and
such Issuer Subsidiary enforceable against the Company and such Issuer
Subsidiary in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be
limited by (a) applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or
other similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, and
(b) general principles of equity (regardless of whether such enforceability is
considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).
5.3 Disclosure.
Neither
this Agreement nor any other document, certificate or statement furnished to any
Purchaser by or on behalf of the Company or any Issuer Subsidiary in connection
herewith contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a
material fact necessary in order to make the statements contained herein and
therein not misleading. Except as disclosed in the form 10-K filed by
the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the period
immediately prior to the applicable Document Delivery Date of the Notes or in
any Form 10-Q, Form 8-K or other report filed by the Company with the Securities
and Exchange Commission for any period subsequent to the date of such form 10-K
filed by the Company (but at least five (5) Business Days prior to the
applicable Document Delivery Date of such Notes), there is no fact peculiar to
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries which has had a Material Adverse Effect
or in the future may (so far as the Company can now foresee) have a Material
Adverse Effect which has not been set forth in this Agreement or in the other
documents or certificates furnished to the Purchasers in connection
herewith.
5.4 Organization and Ownership of Shares
of Subsidiaries; Affiliates.
(a) All of
the outstanding shares of capital stock or similar equity interests owned by the
Company and its Subsidiaries have been validly issued, are fully paid and
nonassessable and are owned by the Company or a Subsidiary free and clear of any
Lien (except for Permitted Liens, directors’ qualifying shares, shares required
to be owned by Persons pursuant to applicable foreign laws regarding foreign
ownership).
(b) Each
Subsidiary is a corporation or other legal entity duly organized, validly
existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of
organization, and is duly qualified as a foreign corporation or other legal
entity and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which such qualification
is required by law, other than those jurisdictions as to which the failure to be
so qualified or in good standing could not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Each such
Subsidiary has the corporate or other power and authority to own or hold under
lease the properties it purports to own or hold under lease and to transact the
business it transacts and proposes to transact.
(c) No
Material Subsidiary, is a party to, or otherwise subject to any legal
restriction or any agreement (other than this Agreement and customary
limitations imposed by corporate law statutes) restricting the ability of such
Material Subsidiary to pay dividends out of profits or make any other similar
distributions of profits to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that owns
outstanding shares of capital stock or similar equity interests of such Material
Subsidiary.
5.5 Financial
Statements.
The
Company has furnished each Purchaser of any Accepted Notes with the following
financial statements: (i) a consolidated balance sheet of the Company
and its Subsidiaries as of the last day in each of the three fiscal years of the
Company most recently completed prior to the date as of which this
representation is made or repeated to such Purchaser (other than fiscal years
completed within 120 days prior to such date for which audited financial
statements have not been released) and consolidated statements of income, cash
flows and shareholders’ equity of the Company and its Subsidiaries for each such
year, all reported on by PricewaterhouseCoopers (which financial statements
shall in all respects be consistent with the requirements of Section 7.1(b)
hereof, including the provisos thereto) and (ii) a consolidated balance sheet of
the Company and its Subsidiaries as at the end of the quarterly period (if any)
most recently completed prior to such date and after the end of such fiscal year
(other than quarterly periods completed within 60 days prior to such date for
which financial statements have not been released) and the comparable quarterly
period in the preceding fiscal year and consolidated statements of income, cash
flows and shareholders’ equity for the periods from the beginning of the fiscal
years in which such quarterly periods are included to the end of such quarterly
periods, prepared by the Company (which financial statements shall in all
respects be consistent with the requirements of Section 7.1(a) hereof, including
the provisos thereto). Such financial statements (including any
related schedules and/or notes) fairly present the consolidated financial
condition of the Company and its Subsidiaries as of the respective dates
specified therein and the results of their operations and cash flows for the
periods specified therein (subject, as to interim statements, to changes
resulting from audits and year-end adjustments), have been prepared in
accordance with GAAP consistently followed throughout the periods involved and
show all liabilities, direct and contingent, of the Company and its Subsidiaries
required to be shown in accordance with GAAP. The balance sheets
fairly present the condition of the Company and its Subsidiaries as at the dates
thereof, and the statements of income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows
fairly present the results of the operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries
and their cash flows for the periods indicated. There has been no
material adverse change in the business, property or assets, condition
(financial or otherwise), operations or prospects of the Company and its
Subsidiaries taken as a whole since the end of the most recent fiscal year for
which such audited financial statements have been furnished.
5.6 Compliance
with Laws, Other Instruments, etc.
The
execution, delivery and performance by the Company, each Subsidiary Guarantor
and the Issuer Subsidiary (if applicable) of this Agreement, the Collateral
Documents and the Notes (as applicable) will not (i) contravene, result in any
breach of, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation of any Lien
in respect of any property of the Company or any Subsidiary under, any
indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan, note purchase or credit agreement,
corporate charter or bylaws, or any other Material agreement, lease or
instrument to which the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or by which the
Company or any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties may be bound or
affected, (ii) conflict with or result in a breach of any of the terms,
conditions or provisions of any order, judgment, decree or ruling of any court,
arbitrator or Governmental Authority applicable to the Company or any
Subsidiary, or (iii) violate any provision of any statute or other rule or
regulation of any Governmental Authority applicable to the Company or any
Subsidiary.
5.7 Governmental
Authorizations, etc.
No
consent, approval or authorization of, or registration, filing or declaration
with, any Governmental Authority is required in connection with the execution,
delivery or performance by the Company, any Subsidiary Guarantor and any Issuer
Subsidiary (if applicable) of this Agreement, the Collateral Documents or the
Notes (as applicable).
5.8 Litigation; Observance of Agreements,
Statutes and
Orders.(a) There
are no actions, suits or proceedings pending or, to the knowledge of the
Company, threatened against or affecting the Company or any Subsidiary or any
property of the Company or any Subsidiary in any court or before any arbitrator
of any kind or before or by any Governmental Authority that, individually or in
the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect.
(b) Neither
the Company nor any Restricted Subsidiary is in default under any term of any
agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it is bound, or any
order, judgment, decree or ruling of any court, arbitrator or Governmental
Authority or is in violation of any applicable law, ordinance, rule or
regulation (including without limitation Environmental Laws) of any Governmental
Authority, which default or violation, individually or in the aggregate, could
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
5.9 Taxes.
The
Company and its Subsidiaries have filed all tax returns that are required to
have been filed in any jurisdiction (other than those tax returns which
individually or collectively are not Material), and have paid all taxes shown to
be due and payable on such returns and all other taxes and assessments levied
upon them or their properties, assets, income or franchises, to the extent such
taxes and assessments have become due and payable and before they have become
delinquent, except for any taxes and assessments (i) the amount of which is not
individually or in the aggregate Material, or (ii) the amount, applicability or
validity of which is currently being contested in good faith by appropriate
proceedings and with respect to which the Company or a Subsidiary, as the case
may be, has established adequate reserves in accordance with
GAAP. The Company knows of no basis for any other tax or assessment
that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect. The charges, accruals and reserves on the books of the
Company and its Subsidiaries in respect of Federal, state or other taxes for all
fiscal periods are adequate in accordance with GAAP.
5.10 Title to Property;
Leases.
The
Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries have good and sufficient title to their
respective properties that individually or in the aggregate are Material,
including all such properties reflected in the most recent audited balance sheet
referred to in Section 5.5 or purported to have been acquired by the Company or
any Restricted Subsidiary after said date (except as sold or otherwise disposed
of in the ordinary course of business), in each case free and clear of Liens
prohibited by this Agreement or the Collateral Documents. All leases
that individually or in the aggregate are Material are valid and subsisting and
are in full force and effect in all material respects.
5.11 Licenses, Permits,
etc.
5.11(a) The
Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries own or possess all licenses, permits,
franchises, authorizations, patents, copyrights, service marks, trademarks and
trade names, or rights thereto, that individually or in the aggregate are
Material, without any known Material conflict with the rights of
others.
(b) To
the best knowledge of the Company, no product of the Company or any Restricted
Subsidiary infringes in any material respect any license, permit, franchise,
authorization, patent, copyright, service mark, trademark, trade name or other
right owned by any other Person, except such infringements which, individually
or collectively, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect.
(c) To
the best knowledge of the Company, there is no Material violation by any Person
of any right of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary with respect to any
patent, copyright, service mark, trademark, trade name or other right owned or
used by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary.
5.12 Compliance with
ERISA.
(a) The
Company and each ERISA Affiliate have operated and administered each Plan in
compliance with all applicable laws except for such instances of noncompliance
as have not resulted in and could not reasonably be expected to result in a
Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any ERISA Affiliate
has incurred any liability pursuant to Title I or IV of ERISA or the penalty or
excise tax provisions of the Code relating to employee benefit plans (as defined
in Section 3 of ERISA), and no event, transaction or condition has occurred or
exists that could reasonably be expected to result in the incurrence of any such
liability by the Company or any ERISA Affiliate, or in the imposition of any
Lien on any of the rights, properties or assets of the Company or any ERISA
Affiliate, in either case pursuant to Title I or IV of ERISA or to such penalty
or excise tax provisions or to Section 401(a)(29) or 412 of the Code, other than
such liabilities or Liens as would not be, individually or in the aggregate,
Material.
(b) Neither
the Company nor any ERISA Affiliate maintains a “single employer plan” or a
Multiemployer Plan that is subject to Title IV of ERISA.
(c) The
Company and its ERISA Affiliates have not incurred withdrawal liabilities (and
are not subject to contingent withdrawal liabilities) under section 4201 or 4204
of ERISA in respect of Multiemployer Plans that individually or in the aggregate
are Material.
(d) The
expected postretirement benefit obligation (determined as of the last day of the
Company’s most recently ended fiscal year in accordance with Financial
Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 106, without regard to liabilities
attributable to continuation coverage mandated by section 4980B of the Code) of
the Company and its Subsidiaries is not Material or has otherwise been disclosed
in the most recent consolidated financial statements of the Company and its
Subsidiaries.
(e) The
execution and delivery of this Agreement and the Collateral Documents and the
issuance and sale of the Notes hereunder will not involve any transaction that
is subject to the prohibitions of section 406 of ERISA or in connection with
which a tax could be imposed pursuant to section 4975(c)(1)(A)-(D) of the
Code. The representation by the Company in the first sentence of this
Section 5.12(e) is made in reliance upon and subject to the accuracy of each
Purchaser’s representation in Section 6.2 as to the sources of the funds used to
pay the purchase price of the Notes to be purchased by it.
5.13 Private Offering by the
Company.
Neither
the Company nor anyone acting on its behalf has offered the Notes or any similar
securities for sale to, or solicited any offer to buy any of the same from, or
otherwise approached or negotiated in respect thereof with, any Person other
than the Purchasers and not more than 18 other Institutional Investors, each of
which has been offered the Notes or any similar securities at a private sale for
investment. Neither the Company nor anyone acting on its behalf has
taken, or will take, any action that would subject the issuance or sale of the
Notes to the registration requirements of Section 5 of the Securities
Act.
5.14 Use
of Proceeds; Margin Regulations.
No part
of the proceeds from the sale of the Notes hereunder will be used, directly or
indirectly, so as to involve the Company, any Issuer Subsidiary or any holder of
a Note in a violation of Regulation U of the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System (12 CFR 221) or Regulation X of said Board (12 CFR 224), or to
involve any broker or dealer in a violation of Regulation T of said Board (12
CFR 220). Margin stock does not constitute more than 15% of the value
of the consolidated assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries and the Company
does not have any present intention that margin stock will constitute more than
15% of the value of such assets. As used in this Section, the term
“margin stock” shall have the meanings assigned to them in said Regulation
U.
5.15 Existing Indebtedness and
Liens.
Neither
the Company nor any of its Restricted Subsidiaries has outstanding any Debt
except as permitted by Section 10.5. There exists no default under
the provisions of any instrument evidencing such Debt or of any agreement
relating thereto which would constitute an Event of Default under clause (f) of
Section 11. Neither the Company nor any of its Restricted
Subsidiaries has agreed or consented to, or agreed to cause or permit in the
future (upon the happening of a contingency or otherwise), any of its property,
whether now owned or hereafter acquired, to be subject to a Lien not permitted
by Section 10.3.
5.16 Foreign Assets Control Regulations,
etc.
Neither
the sale of the Notes by the Company or any Issuer Subsidiary hereunder nor its
use of the proceeds thereof will violate the Trading with the Enemy Act, as
amended, or any of the foreign assets control regulations of the United States
Treasury Department (31 CFR, Subtitle B, Chapter V, as amended) or any enabling
legislation or executive order relating thereto. Without limiting the
foregoing, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or its Affiliates (a)
is or will become a Person whose property or interests in property are blocked
pursuant to Section 1 of Executive Order 13224 of September 23, 2001 Blocking
Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Persons Who Commit, Threaten to
Commit, or Support Terrorism (66 Fed. Reg. 49079 (2001))
or (b) engages or will engage in any dealings or transactions, or be otherwise
associated, with any such Person. The Company and its Subsidiaries
and its Affiliates are in compliance, in all Material respects, with the Uniting
And Strengthening America By Providing Appropriate Tools Required To Intercept
And Obstruct Terrorism (USA Patriot Act of 2001). No part of the
proceeds from the sale of the Notes hereunder has been or will be used, directly
or indirectly, for any payments to any governmental official or employee,
political party, official of a political party, candidate for political office,
or anyone else acting in an official capacity, in order to obtain, retain or
direct business or obtain any improper advantage, in violation of the United
States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.
5.17 Status under Certain
Statutes.
None of
the Company, any Subsidiary Guarantor, any Issuer Subsidiary or any Restricted
Subsidiary is subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as
amended, the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 2005, as amended, the ICC
Termination Act of 1995, as amended, or the Federal Power Act, as
amended.
5.18 Environmental
Matters.
Neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has knowledge of any claim or has
received any notice of any claim, and no proceeding has been instituted raising
any claim against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their
respective real properties now or formerly owned, leased or operated by any of
them or other assets, alleging any damage to the environment or violation of any
Environmental Laws, except, in each case, such as could not reasonably be
expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Except as otherwise
disclosed to each Purchaser in writing,
(a) neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has knowledge of any facts which would
give rise to any claim, public or private, of violation of Environmental Laws or
damage to the environment emanating from, occurring on or in any way related to
real properties now or formerly owned, leased or operated by any of them or to
other assets or their use, except, in each case, such as could not reasonably be
expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect;
(b) neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has stored any Hazardous Materials on
real properties now or formerly owned, leased or operated by any of them in a
manner contrary to any Environmental Laws and has not disposed of any Hazardous
Materials in a manner contrary to any Environmental Laws, in each case in any
manner that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect;
and
(c) all
buildings on all real properties now owned, leased or operated by the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all applicable Environmental
Laws, except where failure to comply could not reasonably be expected to result
in a Material Adverse Effect.
5.19 Hostile Tender
Offers. None of the proceeds of the sale of any Notes will be
used to finance a Hostile Tender Offer.
6. REPRESENTATIONS
OF THE PURCHASERS.
6.1 Purchase for
Investment.
Each
Purchaser represents that it is an institutional “accredited investor” within
the meaning of subparagraphs (1), (2), (3) or (7) of Rule 501(a) promulgated
under the Securities Act. Each Purchaser represents that it is
purchasing the Notes to be purchased by it for its own account or for one or
more separate accounts maintained by it or for the account of one or more
pension or trust funds and not with a view to the distribution thereof, provided
that the disposition of its or their property shall at all times be within its
or their control. Each Purchaser understand that the Notes have not
been registered under the Securities Act and may be resold only if registered
pursuant to the provisions of the Securities Act or if an exemption from
registration is available, except under circumstances where neither such
registration nor such an exemption is required by law, and that the Company is
not required to register the Notes.
6.2 Source of Funds.
Each
Purchaser represents that at least one of the following statements is an
accurate representation as to each source of funds (a “Source”) to be used by it to
pay the purchase price of the Notes to be purchased by it
hereunder:
(a) the
Source is an “insurance company general account” (as the term is defined in the
United States Department of Labor’s Prohibited Transaction Exemption (“PTE”) 95-60) in respect of
which the reserves and liabilities (as defined by the annual statement for life
insurance companies approved by the National Association of Insurance
Commissioners (the “NAIC Annual
Statement”)) for the general account contract(s) held by or on behalf of
any employee benefit plan together with the amount of the reserves and
liabilities for the general account contract(s) held by or on behalf of any
other employee benefit plans maintained by the same employer (or affiliate
thereof as defined in PTE 95-60) or by the same employee organization in the
general account do not exceed 10% of the total reserves and liabilities of the
general account (exclusive of separate account liabilities) plus surplus as set
forth in the NAIC Annual Statement filed with such Purchaser’s state of
domicile; or
(b) the
Source is a separate account that is maintained solely in connection with such
Purchaser’s fixed contractual obligations under which the amounts payable, or
credited, to any employee benefit plan (or its related trust) that has any
interest in such separate account (or to any participant or beneficiary of such
plan (including any annuitant)) are not affected in any manner by the investment
performance of the separate account; or
(c) the
Source is either (i) an insurance company pooled separate account, within the
meaning of PTE 90-1, or (ii) a bank collective investment fund, within the
meaning of the PTE 91-38 and, except as disclosed by such Purchaser to the
Company in writing pursuant to this paragraph (c), no employee benefit plan or
group of plans maintained by the same employer or employee organization
beneficially owns more than 10% of all assets allocated to such pooled separate
account or collective investment fund; or
(d) the
Source constitutes assets of an “investment fund” (within the meaning of Part V
of PTE 84-14 (the “QPAM
Exemption”)) managed by a “qualified professional asset manager” or
“QPAM” (within the meaning of Part V of the QPAM Exemption), no employee benefit
plan’s assets that are included in such investment fund, when combined with the
assets of all other employee benefit plans established or maintained by the same
employer or by an affiliate (within the meaning of Section V(c)(1) of the QPAM
Exemption) of such employer or by the same employee organization and managed by
such QPAM, exceed 20% of the total client assets managed by such QPAM, the
conditions of Part I(c) and (g) of the QPAM Exemption are satisfied, neither the
QPAM nor a person controlling or controlled by the QPAM (applying the definition
of “control” in Section V(e) of the QPAM Exemption) owns a 5% or more interest
in the Company and (i) the identity of such QPAM and (ii) the names of all
employee benefit plans whose assets are included in such investment fund have
been disclosed to the Company in writing pursuant to this paragraph (d);
or
(e) the
Source constitutes assets of a “plan(s)” (within the meaning of Section IV of
PTE 96-23 (the “INHAM
Exemption”)) managed by an “in-house asset manager” or “INHAM” (within
the meaning of Part IV of the INHAM exemption), the conditions of Part I(a), (g)
and (h) of the INHAM Exemption are satisfied, neither the INHAM nor a person
controlling or controlled by the INHAM (applying the definition of “control” in
Section IV(h) of the INHAM Exemption) owns a 5% or more interest in the Company
and (a) the identity of such INHAM and (b) the name(s) of the employee benefit
plan(s) whose assets constitute the Source have been disclosed to the Company in
writing this paragraph (e); or
(f) the
Source is a governmental plan; or
(g) the
Source is one or more employee benefit plans, or separate account or trust fund
comprised of one or more employee benefit plans, each of which has been
identified to the Company in writing pursuant to this paragraph (g);
or
(h) the
Source does not include assets of any employee benefit plan, other than a plan
exempt from the coverage of ERISA.
As used
in this Section 6.2, the terms “employee benefit plan”, “governmental plan” and “separate account” shall have
the respective meanings assigned to such terms in Section 3 of
ERISA.
7. INFORMATION
AS TO COMPANY.
7.1 Financial and Business
Information.
The
Company shall deliver to Prudential and each holder of Notes that is an
Institutional Investor:
(a) Quarterly Statements
— within 60 days (or if sooner, on the date consolidated statements are required
to be delivered to any other creditor of the Company) after the end of each
quarterly fiscal period in each fiscal year of the Company (other than the last
quarterly fiscal period of each such fiscal year), duplicate copies
of,
(i) a
consolidated and a consolidating balance sheet of the Company and its
Subsidiaries as at the end of such quarter, and
(ii) consolidated
and consolidating statements of income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash
flows of the Company and its Subsidiaries, for such quarter and (in the case of
the second and third quarters) for the portion of the fiscal year ending with
such quarter,
setting
forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the corresponding periods
in the previous fiscal year, all in reasonable detail, prepared in accordance
with GAAP applicable to quarterly financial statements generally, and certified
by a Senior Financial Officer as fairly presenting, in all material respects,
the financial position of the companies being reported on and their results of
operations and cash flows, subject to changes resulting from year-end
adjustments; provided that
delivery within the time period specified above of copies of the Company’s
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q prepared in compliance with the requirements
therefor and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission shall be deemed
to satisfy the requirements of this Section 7.1(a) to provide consolidated
financial statements so long as such Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes the
consolidated financial statements identified in clauses (i) and (ii) above;
provided further that such
consolidating financial statements shall show the elimination of all
Unrestricted Subsidiaries and the resultant consolidated financial statements of
the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries;
(b) Annual Statements —
within 120 days (or if sooner, on the date consolidated statements are required
to be delivered to any other creditor of the Company) after the end of each
fiscal year of the Company, duplicate copies of,
(i) a
consolidated and a consolidating balance sheet of the Company and its
Subsidiaries, as at the end of such year, and
(ii) consolidated
and consolidating statements of income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash
flows of the Company and its Subsidiaries, for such year,
setting
forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the previous fiscal year,
all in reasonable detail, prepared in accordance with GAAP, which consolidated
financial statements shall be accompanied by an opinion thereon of independent
certified public accountants of recognized national standing, which opinion
shall state that such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of the companies being reported upon
and their results of operations and cash flows and have been prepared in
conformity with GAAP, and that the examination of such accountants in connection
with such consolidated financial statements has been made in accordance with
generally accepted auditing standards, and that such audit provides a reasonable
basis for such opinion in the circumstances, and which consolidating financial
statements shall be certified by a Senior Financial Officer as fairly
presenting, in all material respects, the financial position of the companies
being reported on and their results of operations and cash flows, subject to
changes resulting from year-end adjustments; provided that the delivery within
the time period specified above of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for
such fiscal year (together with the Company’s annual report to shareholders, if
any, prepared pursuant to Rule 14a-3 under the Exchange Act) prepared in
accordance with the requirements therefor and filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission shall be deemed to satisfy the requirements of this Section
7.1(b) to provide consolidated financial statements so long as such Annual
Report on Form 10-K includes the consolidated financial statements identified in
clauses (i) and (ii) above; provided further that such
consolidating financial statements shall show the elimination of all
Unrestricted Subsidiaries and the resultant consolidated financial statements of
the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries;
(c) SEC and Other Reports
— promptly upon their becoming available, one copy of (i) each financial
statement, report, notice or proxy statement sent by the Company or any
Subsidiary to public securities holders generally, and (ii) each regular or
periodic report, each registration statement (without exhibits except as
expressly requested by such holder), and each prospectus and all amendments
thereto filed by the Company or any Subsidiary with the Securities and Exchange
Commission and of all press releases and other statements made available
generally by the Company or any Material Domestic Subsidiary to the public
concerning developments that are Material;
(d) Notice of Default or Event
of Default — promptly, and in any event within five days, after a
Responsible Officer becoming aware of the existence of any Default or Event of
Default or that any Person has given any notice or taken any action with respect
to a claimed default hereunder or that any Person has given any notice or taken
any action with respect to a claimed default of the type referred to in Section
11(f), a written notice specifying the nature and period of existence thereof
and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect
thereto;
(e) ERISA Matters —
promptly, and in any event within fifteen days after a Responsible Officer
becoming aware of any of the following, a written notice setting forth the
nature thereof and the action, if any, that the Company or an ERISA Affiliate
proposes to take with respect thereto:
(i) with
respect to any Plan, any reportable event, as defined in section 4043(b) of
ERISA and the regulations thereunder, for which notice thereof has not been
waived pursuant to such regulations as in effect on the date hereof, which could
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; or
(ii) the
taking by the PBGC of steps to institute, or the threatening by the PBGC of the
institution of, proceedings under section 4042 of ERISA for the termination of,
or the appointment of a trustee to administer, any Plan, or the receipt by the
Company or any ERISA Affiliate of a notice from a Multiemployer Plan that such
action has been taken by the PBGC with respect to such Multiemployer Plan, which
could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; or
(iii) any
event, transaction or condition that could result in the incurrence of any
liability by the Company or any ERISA Affiliate pursuant to Title I or IV of
ERISA or the penalty or excise tax provisions of the Code relating to employee
benefit plans, or in the imposition of any Lien on any of the rights, properties
or assets of the Company or any ERISA Affiliate pursuant to Title I or IV of
ERISA or such penalty or excise tax provisions, if such liability or Lien, taken
together with any other such liabilities or Liens then existing, could
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;
(f) Notices from Governmental
Authority — promptly, and in any event within 30 days of receipt thereof,
copies of any notice to the Company or any Subsidiary from any Federal or state
Governmental Authority relating to any order, ruling, statute or other law or
regulation that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;
and
(g) Requested Information
— with reasonable promptness, such other data and information relating to the
business, operations, affairs, financial condition, assets or properties of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries or relating to the ability of the Company to
perform its obligations hereunder and under the Notes as from time to time may
be reasonably requested by any such holder of Notes, including without
limitation, such information as is required by Rule 144A promulgated under the
Securities Act to be delivered to a prospective transferee of the
Notes.
7.2 Officer’s
Certificate.
Each set
of financial statements delivered to a holder of Notes pursuant to Section 7.1
hereof shall be accompanied by a certificate of a Senior Financial Officer
setting forth:
(a) Covenant Compliance —
the information (including detailed calculations) required in order to establish
whether the Company was in compliance with the requirements of Section 10.2
through Section 10.6 hereof, inclusive, and Section 10.11 during the quarterly
or annual period covered by the statements then being furnished (including with
respect to each such Section, where applicable, the calculations of the maximum
or minimum amount, ratio or percentage, as the case may be, permissible under
the terms of such Sections, and the calculation of the amount, ratio or
percentage then in existence); and
(b) Event of Default — a
statement that such officer has reviewed the relevant terms hereof and has made,
or caused to be made, under his or her supervision, a review of the transactions
and conditions of the Company and its Subsidiaries from the beginning of the
quarterly or annual period covered by the statements then being furnished to the
date of the certificate and that such review shall not have disclosed the
existence during such period of any condition or event that constitutes a
Default or an Event of Default or, if any such condition or event existed or
exists (including, without limitation, any such event or condition resulting
from the failure of the Company or any Subsidiary to comply with any
Environmental Law), specifying the nature and period of existence thereof and
what action the Company shall have taken or proposes to take with respect
thereto.
7.3 Inspection.
The
Company shall permit the representatives of each holder of Notes that is an
Institutional Investor:
(a) No Default — if no
Default or Event of Default then exists, at the expense of such holder and upon
reasonable prior notice to the Company, to visit the principal executive office
of the Company, to discuss the affairs, finances and accounts of the Company and
its Subsidiaries with the Company’s officers, and (with the consent of the
Company, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld) its independent public
accountants, and (with the consent of the Company, which consent will not be
unreasonably withheld) to visit the other offices and properties of the Company
and each Restricted Subsidiary, all at such reasonable times during business
hours and as often as may be reasonably requested in writing; and
(b) Default — if a
Default or Event of Default then exists, at the expense of the Company to visit
and inspect any of the offices or properties of the Company or any Subsidiary,
to examine all their respective books of account, records, reports and other
papers, to make copies and extracts therefrom, and to discuss their respective
affairs, finances and accounts with their respective officers and independent
public accountants (and by this provision the Company authorizes said
accountants to discuss the affairs, finances and accounts of the Company and its
Subsidiaries), all at such reasonable times and as often as may be
requested.
8. PREPAYMENT
OF THE NOTES.
8.1 Required
Prepayments. Each Series of Notes shall be subject to the
required prepayments, if any, as are set forth in the Notes of such Series;
provided that
upon any partial prepayment of the Notes of a Series pursuant to Section 8.2,
the principal amount of each required prepayment of the Notes of such Series
becoming due on and after the date of such prepayment or purchase, as well as
the payment required at maturity, shall be reduced in the same proportion as the
aggregate unpaid principal amount of the Notes of such Series is reduced as a
result of such prepayment or purchase.
8.2 Optional Prepayments with Make-Whole
Amount.
(a) Prepayment
Amount. The Company (or the Issuer Subsidiary, if applicable)
may, at its option, upon notice as provided below, prepay on any Business Day
all, or from time to time any part of, the Notes of any Series in an amount not
less than 5% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes of such Series then
outstanding in the case of a partial prepayment, at 100% of the principal amount
so prepaid, plus accrued interest thereon, plus the Make-Whole Amount determined
for the prepayment date with respect to such principal amount.
(b) Notice. The
Company (or the Issuer Subsidiary, if applicable) will give each holder of Notes
of the applicable Series written notice of each optional prepayment under this
Section 8.2 not less than ten days and not more than 60 days prior to the
Business Day fixed for such prepayment. Each such notice shall
specify the prepayment date, the Series to be prepaid, the aggregate principal
amount of the Notes of such Series to be prepaid on such date, the principal
amount of each Note of such Series held by such holder to be prepaid (determined
in accordance with Section 8.3), and the interest to be paid on the prepayment
date with respect to such principal amount being prepaid, and shall be
accompanied by a certificate of a Senior Financial Officer as to the estimated
Make-Whole Amount due in connection with such prepayment (calculated as if the
date of such notice were the date of the prepayment), setting forth the details
of such computation. Two Business Days prior to such prepayment, the
Company (or the Issuer Subsidiary, if applicable) shall deliver to each holder
of Notes which shall have designated a recipient for such notices in the
Purchaser Schedule attached to the applicable Confirmation of Acceptance or by
notice in writing to the Company a certificate of a Senior Financial Officer
specifying the calculation of such Make-Whole Amount as of the specified
prepayment date.
(c) Prepayments under the
Amended and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor
Agreement. Any prepayments of the Notes in accordance with the
Amended and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement under
circumstances in which the Notes have not been declared due and payable under
Section 11 hereof shall be treated as optional prepayments under this Section 8
for purposes of calculating any Make-Whole Amount due in connection with such
prepayment.
8.3 Allocation of Partial
Prepayments.
In the
case of each partial prepayment of the Notes of any Series pursuant to Section
8.2, the principal amount of the Notes of such Series to be prepaid shall be
allocated among all of the Notes of such Series at the time outstanding in
proportion, as nearly as practicable, to the respective unpaid principal amounts
thereof not theretofore called for prepayment.
8.4 Maturity;
Surrender, etc.
In the
case of each prepayment of Notes pursuant to this Section 8, the principal
amount of each Note to be prepaid shall mature and become due and payable on the
date fixed for such prepayment, together with interest on such principal amount
accrued to such date and the applicable Make-Whole Amount, if
any. From and after such date, unless the Company (or the Issuer
Subsidiary, if applicable) shall fail to pay such principal amount when so due
and payable, together with the interest and Make-Whole Amount, if any, as
aforesaid, interest on such principal amount shall cease to
accrue. Any Note paid or prepaid in full shall be surrendered to the
Company (or the Issuer Subsidiary, if applicable) and cancelled and shall not be
reissued, and no Note shall be issued in lieu of any prepaid principal amount of
any Note.
8.5 Purchase of
Notes.
The
Company will not and will not permit any Affiliate to purchase, redeem, prepay
or otherwise acquire, directly or indirectly, any of the outstanding Notes
except upon the payment or prepayment of the Notes in accordance with the terms
of this Agreement and the Notes. The Company will promptly cancel all
Notes acquired by it or any Affiliate pursuant to any payment, prepayment or
purchase of Notes pursuant to any provision of this Agreement and no Notes may
be issued in substitution or exchange for any such Notes.
8.6 Make-Whole
Amount.
The term
“Make-Whole Amount”
means, with respect to any Note, an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the
Discounted Value of the Remaining Scheduled Payments with respect to the Called
Principal of such Note over the amount of such Called Principal; provided that the
Make-Whole Amount may in no event be less than zero. For the purposes
of determining the Make-Whole Amount, the following terms have the following
meanings:
“Called Principal” means, with
respect to any Note, the principal of such Note that is to be prepaid pursuant
to Section 8.2 or has become or is declared to be immediately due and payable
pursuant to Section 12.1, as the context requires.
“Discounted Value” means, with
respect to the Called Principal of any Note, the amount obtained by discounting
all Remaining Scheduled Payments with respect to such Called Principal from
their respective scheduled due dates to the Settlement Date with respect to such
Called Principal, in accordance with accepted financial practice and at a
discount factor (applied on the same periodic basis as that on which interest on
the Notes is payable) equal to the Reinvestment Yield with respect to such
Called Principal.
“Implied Canadian Dollar
Yield” shall mean, with respect to the Called Principal of any Note, the
yield to maturity implied by (i) the yields reported as of 10:00 a.m. (New York
time) on the second Business Day preceding the Settlement Date with respect to
such Called Principal, on the display designated as “Page 0#CABMK” on the
Reuters Screen (or such other display as may replace “Page 0#CABMK”
on the Reuters Screen) for actively traded benchmark Canadian Government bonds
having a maturity equal to the Remaining Average Life of such Called Principal
as of such Settlement Date, or if such yields are not reported as of such time
or the yields reported are not ascertainable, (ii) the average of the yields for
such securities as determined by Recognized Canadian Government Bond Market
Makers. Such implied yield shall be determined, if necessary, by (a)
converting quotations to bond-equivalent yields in accordance with accepted
financial practice and (b) interpolating linearly between (1) the actively
traded benchmark Canadian Government bonds with the maturity closest to and
greater than the Remaining Average Life of such Called Principal and (2) the
actively traded benchmark Canadian Government bonds wit the maturity closest to
and less than the Remaining Average Life of such Called Principal.
“Implied Dollar Yield” shall
mean, with respect to the Called Principal of any Note, the yield to maturity
implied by (i) the yields reported as of 10:00 a.m. (New York time) on the
second Business Day next preceding the Settlement Date with respect to such
Called Principal for actively traded U.S. Treasury securities having a maturity
equal to the Remaining Average Life of such Called Principal as of such
Settlement Date on the display designated as “Page PX1” (or such other display
as may replace Page PX1) on Bloomberg Financial Markets (“Bloomberg”) or, if
Page PX1 (or its successor screen on Bloomberg) is unavailable, the Telerate
Access Service screen which corresponds most closely to Page PX1, or (ii) if
such yields shall not be reported as of such time or the yields reported as of
such time shall not be ascertainable, the Treasury Constant Maturity Series
yields reported, for the latest day for which such yields shall have been so
reported as of the Business Day next preceding the Settlement Date with respect
to such Called Principal, in Federal Reserve Statistical Release H.15 (519) (or
any comparable successor publication) for actively traded U.S. Treasury
securities having a constant maturity equal to the Remaining Average Life of
such Called Principal as of such Settlement Date. Such implied yield
shall be determined, if necessary, by (a) converting U.S. Treasury bill
quotations to bond equivalent yields in accordance with accepted financial
practice and (b) interpolating linearly between yields reported for various
maturities.
“Implied British Pound Yield”
means, with respect to the Called Principal of any Note, the yield to maturity
implied by (i) the yields reported, as of 10:00 a.m. (New York time) on the
second Business Day preceding the Settlement Date with respect to such Called
Principal, on the display designated as “Page 0#GBBMK” on the Reuters Screen (or
such other display as may replace “Page 0#GBBMK”on the Reuters Screen) for
actively traded benchmark gilt-edged securities having a maturity equal to the
Remaining Average Life of such Called Principal as of such Settlement Date, or
if such yields are not reported as of such time or the yields reported shall not
be ascertainable, (ii) the average of the yields for such securities as
determined by Recognized British Government Bond Market Makers. Such
implied yield will be determined, if necessary, by (a) converting quotations to
bond-equivalent yields in accordance with accepted financial practice and (b)
interpolating linearly between (1) the actively benchmark traded gilt-edged
securities with the maturity closest to and greater than the Remaining Average
life, and (2) the actively traded benchmark gilt-edged securities with the
maturity closest to and less than the Remaining Average Life.
“Implied Euro Yield” shall
mean, with respect to the Called Principal of any Note, the yield to maturity
implied by (i) the yields reported, as of 10:00 a.m. (New York time) on the
second Business Day preceding the Settlement Date with respect to such Called
Principal, on the display designated as “Page 0#DEBMK” on the Reuters Screen (or
such other display as may replace “Page 0#DEBMK” on the Reuters Screen) for the
actively traded benchmark German Bunds having a maturity equal to the Remaining
Average Life of such Called Principal as of such Settlement Date, or if such
yields are not reported as of such time or the yields reported shall not be
ascertainable, (ii) the average of the yields for such securities as determined
by Recognized German Bund Market Makers. Such implied yield will be
determined, if necessary, by (a) converting quotations to bond-equivalent yields
in accordance with accepted financial practice and (b) interpolating linearly
between (1) the actively traded benchmark German Bunds with the maturity closest
to and greater than the Remaining Average Life of such Called Principal and (2)
the actively traded benchmark German Bunds with the maturity closest to and less
than the Remaining Average Life of such Called Principal.
“Implied Yen Yield” means, with
respect to the Called Principal of any Note, the yield to maturity implied by
(i) the yields reported, as of 10:00 a.m. (New York time) on the second Business
Day preceding the Settlement Date with respect to such Called Principal, on the
display designated as “Page 0#JPBMK” on the Reuters Screen (or such other
display as may replace “Page 0#JPBMK” on the Reuters Screen) for the actively
traded benchmark Japanese Government bonds having a maturity equal to the
Remaining Average Life of such Called Principal as of such Settlement Date, or
if such yields are not reported as of such time or the yields reported shall not
be ascertainable, (ii) the average of the yields for such securities as
determined by Recognized Japanese Government Bond Market Makers. Such
rate will be determined, if necessary, by (a) converting quotations to
bond-equivalent yields in accordance with accepted financial practice and (b)
interpolating linearly between (1) the actively traded benchmark Japanese
Government bonds with the maturity closest to and greater than the Remaining
Average Life of such Called Principal and (2) actively traded benchmark Japanese
Government bonds with the maturity closest to and less than the Remaining
Average Life of such Called Principal.
“Recognized British Government Bond
Market Makers” shall mean two internationally recognized dealers of gilt
edged securities reasonably selected by Prudential.
“Recognized Canadian Government Bond
Market Makers” shall mean two internationally recognized dealers of
Canadian Government bonds reasonably selected by Prudential.
“Recognized German Bund Market
Makers” shall mean two internationally recognized dealers of German Bunds
reasonably selected by Prudential.
“Recognized Japanese Government Bond
Market Makers” shall mean two internationally recognized dealers of
Japanese Government bonds reasonably selected by Prudential.
“Reinvestment Yield” shall
mean, with respect to the Called Principal of any Note denominated in (i)
Dollars, 50 basis points plus the Implied Dollar Yield, (ii) British Pounds, the
Implied British Pound Yield, (iii) Canadian Dollars, the Implied Canadian Dollar
Yield, (iv) Euros, the Implied Euro Yield, and (v) Yen, the Implied Yen
Yield. The Reinvestment Yield will be rounded to that number of
decimals as appears in the coupon for the applicable Note.
“Remaining Average Life” means,
with respect to any Called Principal, the number of years (calculated to the
nearest one-twelfth year) obtained by dividing (i) such Called Principal into
(ii) the sum of the products obtained by multiplying (a) the principal component
of each Remaining Scheduled Payment with respect to such Called Principal by (b)
the number of years (calculated to the nearest one-twelfth year) that will
elapse between the Settlement Date with respect to such Called Principal and the
scheduled due date of such Remaining Scheduled Payment.
“Remaining Scheduled Payments”
means, with respect to the Called Principal of any Note, all payments of such
Called Principal and interest thereon that would be due after the Settlement
Date with respect to such Called Principal if no payment of such Called
Principal were made prior to its scheduled due date, provided that if such
Settlement Date is not a date on which interest payments are due to be made
under the terms of the Notes, then the amount of the next succeeding scheduled
interest payment will be reduced by the amount of interest accrued to such
Settlement Date and required to be paid on such Settlement Date pursuant to
Section 8.2 or 12.1.
“Settlement Date” means, with
respect to the Called Principal of any Note, the date on which such Called
Principal is to be prepaid pursuant to Section 8.2 or has become or is declared
to be immediately due and payable pursuant to Section 12.1, as the context
requires.
9. AFFIRMATIVE
COVENANTS.
The
Company covenants that during the Issuance Period and so long thereafter as any
of the Notes are outstanding:
9.1 Compliance with
Law.
The
Company will and will cause each of its Subsidiaries to comply with all laws,
ordinances or governmental rules or regulations to which each of them is
subject, including, without limitation, Environmental Laws, and will obtain and
maintain in effect all licenses, certificates, permits, franchises and other
governmental authorizations necessary to the ownership of their respective
properties or to the conduct of their respective businesses, in each case to the
extent necessary to ensure that non-compliance with such laws, ordinances or
governmental rules or regulations or failures to obtain or maintain in effect
such licenses, certificates, permits, franchises and other governmental
authorizations could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
9.2 Insurance.
The
Company will and will cause each of the Restricted Subsidiaries to maintain,
with financially sound and reputable insurers, insurance with respect to their
respective properties and businesses against such casualties and contingencies,
of such types, on such terms and in such amounts (including deductibles,
co-insurance and self-insurance, if adequate reserves are maintained with
respect thereto) as is customary in the case of entities of established
reputations engaged in the same or a similar business and similarly
situated.
9.3 Maintenance of
Properties.
The
Company will and will cause each of the Restricted Subsidiaries to maintain and
keep, or cause to be maintained and kept, their respective properties in good
repair, working order and condition (other than ordinary wear and tear), so that
the business carried on in connection therewith may be properly conducted at all
times, provided that this Section shall not prevent the Company or any
Restricted Subsidiary from discontinuing the operation and the maintenance of
any of its properties if such discontinuance is desirable in the conduct of its
business and the Company has concluded that such discontinuance could not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect.
9.4 Payment of Taxes and
Claims.
The
Company will and will cause each of its Subsidiaries to file all tax returns
required to be filed in any jurisdiction and to pay and discharge all taxes
shown to be due and payable on such returns and all other taxes, assessments,
governmental charges, or levies imposed on them or any of their properties,
assets, income or franchises, to the extent such taxes and assessments have
become due and payable and before they have become delinquent and all claims for
which sums have become due and payable that have or might become a Lien on
properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, provided that neither the
Company nor any Subsidiary need pay any such tax or assessment or claims if (i)
the amount, applicability or validity thereof is contested by the Company or
such Subsidiary on a timely basis in good faith and in appropriate proceedings,
and the Company or such Subsidiary has established adequate reserves therefor in
accordance with GAAP on the books of the Company or such Subsidiary, or (ii) the
nonpayment of all such taxes and assessments and claims in the aggregate could
not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
9.5 Corporate Existence,
etc.
The
Company will at all times preserve and keep in full force and effect its
corporate existence and the existence of any Issuer
Subsidiary. Subject to Section 10.2, the Company will at all times
preserve and keep in full force and effect the existence of each Restricted
Subsidiary (unless merged into the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary) and all
rights and franchises of the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries unless, in
the good faith judgment of the Company, the termination of or failure to
preserve and keep in full force and effect such existence, right or franchise
could not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse
Effect.
9.6 Security; Execution of Pledge
Agreement and Subsidiary Guaranty.
(a) Subject
to the qualification set forth in the parenthetical in the next succeeding
sentence, the Notes and other Senior Secured Indebtedness will be secured by the
Pledged Securities of each Material Foreign Subsidiary. The Company
shall cause the Pledged Securities of any Material Foreign Subsidiary to be
pledged pursuant to a supplement to the Pledge Agreement (i) if becoming a
Material Foreign Subsidiary as a result of becoming an Issuer Subsidiary, prior
to issuing any Notes as an Issuer Subsidiary, (ii) within 5 days after the
Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries acquires a Material Foreign
Subsidiary or (iii) within 5 days after the Company delivers consolidating
financial statements pursuant to Section 7.1 showing that any of Company’s
existing Subsidiaries has become a Material Foreign Subsidiary, the Company
shall cause the Pledged Securities of such Material Foreign Subsidiary to be
pledged pursuant to a supplement to the Pledge Agreement (unless a pledge of
such Pledged Securities (x) is legally unobtainable or (y) the consent of a
governmental authority is required in order to obtain such pledge and such
consent has not been obtained after the Company’s commercially reasonable
efforts to obtain such consent, and Company delivers an opinion of outside
counsel, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the holders of the
Notes and their counsel, to the effect that such pledge was not legally
obtainable or such consent was not obtained). The Company shall
promptly take all actions as may be necessary or desirable to give to the
Collateral Agent, for the ratable benefit of the holders of the Notes and the
other Senior Secured Creditors, a valid and perfected first priority Lien on and
security interest in the Pledged Securities of such Material Foreign Subsidiary
and shall promptly deliver to the holders of the Notes (i) a supplement to the
Pledge Agreement executed by each Pledgor of the Pledged Securities of such
Material Foreign Subsidiary, (ii) a certificate executed by the secretary or an
assistant secretary of each Pledgor as to (a) the incumbency and signatures of
the officers of such Pledgor executing the supplement to the Pledge Agreement,
and (b) the fact that the attached resolutions of the board of directors (or
comparable governing body) of such Pledgor authorizing the execution, delivery
and performance of the supplement to the Pledge Agreement are in full force and
effect and have not been modified or rescinded, (iii) at the request of a holder
of any Note, a favorable opinion of counsel, in form and substance reasonably
satisfactory to the holders of the Notes and their counsel, as to (a) the due
organization and good standing of such Pledgor, (b) the due authorization,
execution and delivery by such Pledgor of the supplement to the Pledge
Agreement, (c) the enforceability of the supplement to the Pledge Agreement, and
(d) such other matters as the Required Holders may reasonably request, all of
the foregoing to be satisfactory in form and substance to the holders of the
Notes and their counsel; provided that the
opinion described in this clause (iii) may be given by the Company’s in-house
counsel and may contain reasonable assumptions, if necessary, relating to the
fact that such counsel may not be admitted to practice law in the applicable
jurisdiction, and (iv) such other assurances, certificates, documents, consents
or opinions as the Required Holders reasonably may require.
(b) Within 5
days after the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries acquires a Material
Domestic Subsidiary or within 5 days after the Company delivers consolidating
financial statements pursuant to Section 7.1 showing that any of Company’s
existing Subsidiaries has become a Material Domestic Subsidiary (but not later
than the time when such Material Domestic Subsidiary becomes an Issuer
Subsidiary or provides a guaranty or co-obligor agreement to the lenders party
to any Significant Credit Facility) the Company will (x) cause such Material
Domestic Subsidiary to execute and deliver to the holders of the Notes a
counterpart of the Subsidiary Guaranty, and (y) if the lenders party to such
Significant Credit Facility are not then party to the Amended and Restated
Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement (either directly or through their
agent) cause such lenders (either directly or through their agent) to become
party to the Amended and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor
Agreement. The Company shall promptly deliver to the holders of the
Notes, together with such counterpart of the Subsidiary Guaranty (i) certified
copies of such Material Domestic Subsidiary’s Articles or Certificate of
Incorporation (or comparable governing document), together with a good standing
certificate from the Secretary of State of the jurisdiction of its
incorporation, each to be dated a recent date prior to their delivery to the
holders of the Notes, (ii) a copy of such Material Domestic Subsidiary’s Bylaws
(or comparable governing document), certified by its corporate secretary or an
assistant corporate secretary as of a recent date prior to their delivery to the
holders of the Notes, (iii) a certificate executed by the secretary or an
assistant secretary of such Material Domestic Subsidiary as to (a) the
incumbency and signatures of the officers of such Material Domestic Subsidiary
executing the counterpart of the Subsidiary Guaranty, and (b) the fact that the
attached resolutions of the board of directors (or comparable governing body) of
such Material Domestic Subsidiary authorizing the execution, delivery and
performance of the counterpart of the Subsidiary Guaranty are in full force and
effect and have not been modified or rescinded, (iv) at the request of a holder
of any Note, a favorable opinion of counsel to the Company and such Material
Domestic Subsidiary, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the
holders of the Notes and their counsel, as to (a) the due organization and good
standing of such Material Domestic Subsidiary, (b) the due authorization,
execution and delivery by such Material Domestic Subsidiary of the counterpart
of the Subsidiary Guaranty, (c) the enforceability of the counterpart of the
Material Domestic Subsidiary, and (d) such other matters as the Required Holders
may reasonably request, all of the foregoing to be satisfactory in form and
substance to the holders of the Notes and their counsel; provided, that the
opinion described in clause (iv) above may be given by the Company’s in-house
counsel and may contain reasonable assumptions, if necessary, relating to the
fact that counsel to the Company and such Material Domestic Subsidiary may not
be admitted to practice law in the applicable jurisdiction, and (v) such other
assurances, certificates, documents, consents or opinions as the Required
Holders reasonably may require.
9.7 Maintenance of
Ownership. The Company shall, at all times when Notes of an
Issuer Subsidiary are outstanding, own, directly or indirectly, no less than
100% of the capital stock of such Issuer Subsidiary.
9.8 [Intentionally
Omitted.]
9.9 Payment of Notes and Maintenance of
Office. The Company and each Issuer Subsidiary will punctually
pay, or cause to be paid, the principal and interest (and Make-Whole Amount, if
any) to become due in respect of the Notes according to the terms thereof and
will maintain an office at the address of the Company set forth in Section 18(c)
hereof where notices, presentations and demands in respect hereof or the Notes
may be made upon it. Such office will be maintained at such address
until such time as such Company will notify the holders of the Notes of any
change of location of such office.
10. NEGATIVE
COVENANTS.
The
Company covenants that during the Issuance Period and so long thereafter as any
of the Notes are outstanding:
10.1 Transactions with
Affiliates.
The
Company will not and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to enter into,
directly or indirectly, any Material transaction or Material group of related
transactions (including without limitation the purchase, lease, sale or exchange
of properties of any kind or the rendering of any service) with any Affiliate
(other than the Company or another Restricted Subsidiary), except as approved by
a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, and upon fair and
reasonable terms no less favorable to the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary
than would be obtainable in a comparable arm’s-length transaction with a Person
not an Affiliate; provided that the foregoing restrictions shall not apply to
Standard Securitization Undertakings effected as part of a Permitted
Securitization Program.
10.2 Merger,
Consolidation, Sale of Assets, etc.
(a) The
Company will not and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to consolidate
with or merge with any other Person unless immediately after giving effect to
any consolidation or merger no Default or Event of Default would exist
and:
(i) in the
case of a consolidation or merger of a Restricted Subsidiary, (x) the Company or
another Restricted Subsidiary is the surviving or continuing corporation, (y)
the surviving or continuing corporation is or immediately becomes a Restricted
Subsidiary, or (z) such consolidation or merger, if considered as the sale of
the assets of such Restricted Subsidiary to such other Person, would be
permitted by Section 10.2(c); and
(ii) in the
case of a consolidation or merger of the Company or an Issuer Subsidiary, as the
case may be, the successor corporation or surviving corporation which results
from such consolidation or merger (the “surviving corporation”), if
not the Company or an Issuer Subsidiary, (A) is a solvent U.S. corporation, (B)
executes and delivers to each holder of the Notes its assumption of (x) the due
and punctual payment of the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on
all of the Notes, and (y) the due and punctual performance and observation of
all of the covenants in this Agreement, the Collateral Documents and the Notes
to be performed or observed by the Company or the Issuer Subsidiary, as
applicable, and (C) furnishes to each holder of the Notes an opinion of counsel,
reasonably satisfactory to the Required Holders, to the effect that the
instrument of assumption has been duly authorized, executed and delivered and
constitutes the legal, valid and binding contract and agreement of the surviving
corporation enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as enforcement of
such terms may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium
and similar laws affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and by
general equitable principles.
(b) The
Company will not sell, lease (as lessor) or otherwise transfer all or
substantially all of its assets in a single transaction or series of
transactions to any Person unless immediately after giving effect thereto no
Default or Event of Default would exist and:
(i) the
successor corporation to which all or substantially all of the Company’s assets
have been sold, leased or transferred (the “successor corporation”) is a
solvent U.S. corporation, and
(ii) the
successor corporation executes and delivers to each holder of the Notes its
assumption of the due and punctual payment of the principal of and premium, if
any, and interest on all of the Notes, and the due and punctual performance and
observation of all of the covenants in this Agreement, the Collateral Documents
and the Notes to be performed or observed by the Company and shall furnish to
such holders an opinion of counsel, reasonably satisfactory to the Required
Holders, to the effect that the instrument of assumption has been duly
authorized, executed and delivered and constitutes the legal, valid and binding
contract and agreement of such successor corporation enforceable in accordance
with its terms, except as enforcement of such terms may be limited by
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws affecting
the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally and by general equitable
principles.
No such
conveyance, transfer or lease of all or substantially all of the assets of the
Company shall have the effect of releasing the Company or any successor
corporation that shall theretofore have become such in the manner prescribed in
this Section 10.2 from its liability under this Agreement or the
Notes.
(c) The
Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, sell, lease
(as lessor), transfer, abandon or otherwise dispose of assets to any Person;
provided that the foregoing restrictions do not apply to:
(i) the sale,
lease, transfer or other disposition of assets of the Company to a Restricted
Subsidiary or of a Restricted Subsidiary to the Company or another Restricted
Subsidiary;
(ii) the sale
in the ordinary course of business of inventory held for sale, or equipment,
fixtures, supplies or materials that are no longer required in the operation of
the business of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary or are
obsolete;
(iii) the sale
of property of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary and the Company’s or any
Restricted Subsidiary’s subsequent lease, as lessee, of the same property,
within 270 days following the acquisition or construction of such
property;
(iv) the sale
of assets of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary for cash or other property
to a Person or Persons (other than an Affiliate) if (A) such assets (valued at
net book value) do not constitute a “substantial part” of the assets of the
Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries, (B) in the opinion of a Responsible
Officer of the Company, the sale is for fair value and is in the best interests
of the Company, and (C) immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no
Default or Event of Default would exist; or
(v) the sale
of assets meeting the conditions set forth in clauses (B) and (C) of
subparagraph (iv) above, as long as the net proceeds from such sale in excess of
a substantial part of the assets of the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries
are (x) applied within 270 days of the date of receipt to the acquisition of
productive assets useful and intended to be used in the operation of the
business of the Company or the Restricted Subsidiaries, or (y) used to repay any
Indebtedness of the Company (which in the case of the Notes shall be with the
Make-Whole Amount) or the Restricted Subsidiaries (other than Indebtedness that
is in any manner subordinated in right of payment or security in any respect to
Indebtedness evidenced by the Notes, Indebtedness owing to the Company, any of
its Subsidiaries or any Affiliate and Indebtedness in respect of any revolving
credit or similar credit facility providing the Company or any of the Restricted
Subsidiaries with the right to obtain loans or other extensions of credit from
time to time, except to the extent that in connection with such payment of
Indebtedness the availability of credit under such credit facility is
permanently reduced not later than 270 days after the date of receipt of such
proceeds by an amount not less than the amount of such proceeds applied to the
payment of such Indebtedness).
(d) For
purposes of Section 10.2(c), a sale of assets will be deemed to involve a “substantial part” of the
assets of the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries if the book value of such
assets, together with all other assets sold during such fiscal year (exclusive
of assets sold pursuant to clauses (i) through (iii) of Section 10.2(c) and
inclusive of assets conveyed by merger or consolidation as described in Section
10.2(a)(i) and assets of Restricted Subsidiaries which have been re-designated
as Unrestricted Subsidiaries as provided in Section 10.8), exceeds 10% of the
Consolidated Total Assets of the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries
determined as of the end of the immediately preceding fiscal year.
(e) The
Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, issue shares
of stock (or any options or warrants to purchase stock or other Securities
exchangeable for or convertible into stock) of any Restricted Subsidiary except
(i) to the Company, (ii) to a Wholly-Owned Restricted Subsidiary, (iii) to any
Restricted Subsidiary that owns equity in the Restricted Subsidiary issuing such
equity, or (iv) with respect to a Restricted Subsidiary that is a partnership or
joint venture, to any other Person who is a partner or equity owner if such
issuance is made pursuant to the terms of the Joint Venture Agreement or
Partnership Agreement entered into in connection with the formation of such
partnership or joint venture; provided, that Restricted Subsidiaries may issue
directors’ qualifying shares and shares required to be issued by any applicable
foreign law regarding foreign ownership requirements. The Company
will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to sell, transfer or
otherwise dispose of its interest in any stock (or any options or warrants to
purchase stock or other Securities exchangeable for or convertible into stock)
of any Restricted Subsidiary (except to the Company or a Wholly-Owned Restricted
Subsidiary) unless such sale, transfer or disposition would be permitted under
Section 10.2(c).
10.3 Liens.
The
Company will not and will not permit any of the Restricted Subsidiaries to
directly or indirectly create, incur, assume or permit to exist (upon the
happening of a contingency or otherwise) any Lien on or with respect to any
property or asset (including, without limitation, any document or instrument in
respect of goods or accounts receivable) of the Company or any Restricted
Subsidiary, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, or any income or profits
therefrom (unless the Company makes, or causes to be made, effective provision
whereby the Notes will be equally and ratably secured with any and all other
obligations thereby secured, such security to be pursuant to an agreement
reasonably satisfactory to the Required Holders and, in any such case, the Notes
shall have the benefit, to the fullest extent that, and with such priority as,
the holders of the Notes may be entitled under applicable law, of any equitable
Lien on such property), except for the following (which are collectively
referred to as “Permitted
Liens”):
(a) Liens for
taxes, assessments or other governmental charges which are not yet delinquent or
that are being contested in good faith;
(b) Liens
incidental to the conduct of business or the ownership of properties and assets
(including landlords’, carriers’, warehousemen’s, mechanics’ materialmen’s, and
other similar Liens) and Liens to secure the performance of bids, tenders,
leases or trade contracts, or to secure statutory obligations (including
obligations under workers compensation, unemployment insurance and other social
security legislation), surety or appeal bonds or other Liens incurred in the
ordinary course of business and not in connection with the borrowing of
money;
(c) Liens
resulting from judgments, unless such judgments are not, within 60 days,
discharged or stayed pending appeal, or shall not have been discharged within 60
days after the expiration of any such stay;
(d) Liens
securing Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary owed to the Company or to a
Wholly-Owned Restricted Subsidiary;
(e) Liens in
existence on the date of this Agreement and reflected in Schedule 10.3
hereto;
(f) minor
survey exceptions and the like which do not Materially detract from the value of
such property;
(g) leases,
subleases, easements, rights of way, restrictions and other similar charges or
encumbrances incidental to the ownership of property or assets or the ordinary
conduct of the Company’s or any of the Restricted Subsidiaries’ businesses,
provided that the aggregate of such Liens do not Materially detract from the
value of such property;
(h) Liens (i)
existing on property at the time of its acquisition or construction by the
Company or a Restricted Subsidiary and not created in contemplation thereof;
(ii) on property created contemporaneously with its acquisition or within 180
days of the acquisition or completion of construction or improvement thereof to
secure the purchase price or cost of construction or improvement thereof,
including such Liens arising under Capital Leases; or (iii) existing on property
of a Person at the time such Person is acquired by, consolidated with, or merged
into the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary and not created in contemplation
thereof; provided that such
Liens shall attach solely to the property acquired or constructed and the
principal amount of the Indebtedness secured by the Lien shall not exceed the
principal amount of such Indebtedness just prior to the time such Person is
consolidated with or merged into the Company or a Restricted
Subsidiary;
(i) Liens on
receivables of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary and the related assets of
the type specified in clauses (A) through (D) in the definition of “Permitted
Securitization Program” in connection with any Permitted Securitization
Program;
(j) Liens in
favor of the holders of the Notes and the other Senior Secured Creditors party
to the Amended and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement in
connection with the pledge of the Pledged Securities of each Material Foreign
Subsidiary;
(k) banker’s
Liens and similar Liens (including set-off rights) in respect of bank deposits;
provided, however, that any such Liens held by parties to the Amended and
Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement will be governed by and
subject to the Amended and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor
Agreement;
(l) Liens in
favor of customs and revenue authorities as a matter of law to secure payment of
custom duties and in connection with the importation of goods in the ordinary
course of the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ business;
(m) any Lien
renewing, extending or replacing Liens permitted by Sections 10.3(e), (h), and
(i), provided
that (i) the principal amount of the Indebtedness secured is neither increased
nor the maturity thereof changed to an earlier date, (ii) such Lien is not
extended to any other property, and (iii) immediately after such extension,
renewal or refunding, no Default or Event of Default would exist;
and
(n) other
Liens securing Indebtedness not otherwise permitted by paragraphs (a) through
(m) of this Section 10.3, provided that
Priority Indebtedness shall not, at any time, exceed an amount equal to 13% of
Consolidated Net Worth.
Any Lien
originally incurred in compliance with paragraph (n) of this Section 10.3 may be
renewed, extended or replaced so long as the conditions set forth in
subparagraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) of paragraph (m) of this Section 10.3 are
satisfied.
10.4 Minimum Consolidated Net
Worth.
The
Company will not, at any time, permit Consolidated Net Worth to be less than the
sum of (i) $288,506,594, (ii) an aggregate amount equal to 60% of Consolidated
Net Income ( in each case, to the extent a positive number) for each complete
fiscal quarter ending on or after September 30, 2009, and (iii) 50% of the net
proceeds realized by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries after June 30,
2009 from (a) the sale of Equity Securities, excluding issuances of Equity
Securities upon exercise of employee stock options or rights under any employee
benefit plans (unless such exercise is by any Person that directly or indirectly
owns greater than 5% of the Equity Securities of the Company), (b) issuances of
Equity Securities in connection with acquisitions by the Company and its
Restricted Subsidiaries, and (c) reissuances of up to $60,000,000 of treasury
stock held by the Company.
10.5 Limitation on
Indebtedness.
(a) The
Company will not permit at any time (i) the ratio of Total Indebtedness to
EBITDA for the four most recently ended fiscal quarters of the Company to be
greater than 1.85 to 1.0, or (ii) Priority Indebtedness to exceed 13% of
Consolidated Net Worth.
(b) [Intentionally
Omitted.]
(c) The
Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, incur,
assume or create any Indebtedness under any Significant Credit Facility unless
each of the lenders under such Significant Credit Facility is a party to the
Amended and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement.
10.6 Minimum Fixed Charges
Coverage.
The
Company will not permit, as of the end of each fiscal quarter of the Company,
the ratio of Consolidated Income Available for Fixed Charges to Fixed Charges,
for the period consisting of such fiscal quarter and the preceding three fiscal
quarters, to be less than 2.75 to 1.0.
10.7 Nature of the
Business.
The
Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary, to engage in
any business if, as a result, the general nature of the business of the Company
and the Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, which would then be engaged
in by the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries would be substantially changed
from the general nature of the business engaged in by the Company and the
Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, on the date of this
Agreement.
10.8 Designation of Restricted and
Unrestricted Subsidiaries.
The
Company may designate in writing to each of the holders of the Notes any
Unrestricted Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary and may designate in writing
to each of the holders of the Notes any Restricted Subsidiary as an Unrestricted
Subsidiary; provided that (i) no such designation of a Restricted Subsidiary as
an Unrestricted Subsidiary shall be effective unless (A) such designation is
treated as a transfer under Section 10.2 and such designation is permitted by
Section 10.2, and (B) such Subsidiary does not own any stock, other equity
interest or Indebtedness of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary; and (ii) no
such designation shall be effective unless, immediately after giving effect
thereto no Default or Event of Default would exist; provided, further, that any
Subsidiary that has been designated as a Restricted Subsidiary or an
Unrestricted Subsidiary may not thereafter be redesignated as a Restricted
Subsidiary or an Unrestricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, more than once;
and provided, further, that no
Securitization Entity shall be a Restricted Subsidiary unless designated as such
by the Company. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this
Agreement, upon any Unrestricted Subsidiary becoming a Material Subsidiary, it
shall immediately be deemed to be a Restricted Subsidiary.
10.9 Limitation on Swap
Agreements.
The
Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, have any
obligations (contingent or otherwise) existing or arising under any Swap
Agreement, unless such obligations are (or were) entered into by such Person in
the ordinary course of business for the purpose of mitigating risks associated
with liabilities, commitments or assets held by such Person, and not for
purposes of speculation.
10.10 Limitation on Restricted
Payments.
The
Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, do any of
the following if a Default or Event of Default exists or would exist immediately
after giving effect thereto:
(a) Declare
or pay any dividends, either in cash or property, on any shares of capital stock
of any class of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary (except (i) dividends
or other distributions payable solely in shares of common stock, and (ii)
dividends and distributions paid by a Restricted Subsidiary solely to the
Company or a Wholly-Owned Restricted Subsidiary); or
(b) Directly
or indirectly, or through any Restricted Subsidiary, purchase, redeem or retire
any shares of capital stock of any class of the Company or any Restricted
Subsidiary or any warrants, rights or options to purchase or acquire any shares
of capital stock of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary; or
(c) Make any
other payment or distribution, either directly or indirectly or through any
Restricted Subsidiary, in respect of capital stock of any class of the Company
or any Restricted Subsidiary (except payments and distributions made by a
Restricted Subsidiary solely to the Company or a Wholly-Owned Restricted
Subsidiary).
10.11 Minimum
Cash.
The Company covenants that at no time
will Available Cash be less than $65,000,000. For purposes hereof
“Available Cash” shall mean the difference between (i) the amount of the
consolidated cash and cash equivalents of the Company and Restricted
Subsidiaries and (ii) the aggregate amount outstanding under revolving credit
facilities on which the Company or any Restricted Subsidiaries are obligated as
borrowers or guarantors.
11. EVENTS
OF DEFAULT.
An “Event
of Default” shall exist if any of the following conditions or events shall occur
and be continuing:
(a) the
Company or any Issuer Subsidiary defaults in the payment of any principal or
Make-Whole Amount, if any, on any Note when the same becomes due and payable,
whether at maturity or at a date fixed for prepayment or by declaration or
otherwise; or
(b) the
Company or any Issuer Subsidiary defaults in the payment of any interest on any
Note or any amount payable under Section 14.4 for more than five Business Days
after the same becomes due and payable; or
(c) the
Company defaults in the performance of or compliance with any term contained in
Section 10; or
(d) the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries defaults in the performance of or compliance
with any term contained herein (other than those referred to in paragraphs (a),
(b) and (c) of this Section 11) or in any Collateral Document and such default
is not remedied within 30 days after the earlier of (i) a Responsible Officer
obtaining actual knowledge of such default, and (ii) the Company or such
Subsidiary receiving written notice of such default from any holder of a Note
(any such written notice to be identified as a “notice of default” and to refer
specifically to this paragraph (d) of Section 11); or
(e) any
representation or warranty made in writing by or on behalf of the Company, any
Issuer Subsidiary or any Subsidiary Guarantor or by any officer of the Company,
any Issuer Subsidiary or any Subsidiary Guarantor in this Agreement, the
Collateral Documents or in any writing furnished in connection with the
transactions contemplated hereby or thereby proves to have been false or
incorrect in any material respect on the date as of which made; or
(f) (i) the
Company or any Restricted Subsidiary is in default (as principal or as guarantor
or other surety) in the payment of any principal of or premium or make-whole
amount or interest on any Indebtedness beyond any period of grace provided with
respect thereto, or (ii) the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary is in default
for more than 20 Business Days in the performance of or compliance with any term
of any evidence of any Indebtedness or of any mortgage, indenture or other
agreement relating thereto or any other condition exists, and as a consequence
of such default or condition (x) such Indebtedness has become, or has been
declared (or one or more Persons are entitled to declare such Indebtedness to
be) due and payable before its stated maturity or before its regularly scheduled
dates of payment, or (y) one or more Persons have the right to require the
Company or any Restricted Subsidiary to purchase or repay such Indebtedness, or
(iii) as a consequence of the occurrence or continuation of any event or
condition (other than the passage of time or the right of the holder of
Indebtedness to convert such Indebtedness into equity interests), (x) the
Company or any Restricted Subsidiary has become obligated to purchase or repay
any Indebtedness before its regular maturity or before its regularly scheduled
dates of payment, or (y) one or more Persons have exercised any right to require
the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary to purchase or repay such Indebtedness,
provided that
the aggregate amount of all foregoing Indebtedness with respect to which a
payment, performance or compliance default shall have occurred or a failure or
other event causing or permitting the purchase or repayment by the Company or
any Restricted Subsidiary shall have occurred exceeds $7,500,000;
or
(g) the
Company, any Issuer Subsidiary or any Material Subsidiary (i) is generally not
paying, or admits in writing its inability to pay, its debts as they become due,
(ii) files, or consents by answer or otherwise to the filing against it of, a
petition for relief or reorganization or arrangement or any other petition in
bankruptcy, for liquidation or to take advantage of any bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium or other similar law of any jurisdiction, (iii) makes
an assignment for the benefit of its creditors, (iv) consents to the appointment
of a custodian, receiver, trustee or other officer with similar powers with
respect to it or with respect to any substantial part of its property, (v) is
adjudicated as insolvent or to be liquidated, or (vi) takes corporate action for
the purpose of any of the foregoing; or
(h) a court
or governmental authority of competent jurisdiction enters an order appointing,
without consent by the Company, any Issuer Subsidiary or any Material
Subsidiary, a custodian, receiver, trustee or other officer with similar powers
with respect to it or with respect to any substantial part of its property, or
constituting an order for relief or approving a petition for relief or
reorganization or any other petition in bankruptcy or for liquidation or to take
advantage of any bankruptcy or insolvency law of any jurisdiction, or ordering
the dissolution, winding-up or liquidation of the Company, any Issuer Subsidiary
or any Material Subsidiary, or any such petition shall be filed against the
Company, any Issuer Subsidiary or any Material Subsidiary and such petition
shall not be dismissed within 60 days; or
(i) a final
judgment or judgments for the payment of money aggregating in excess of
$10,000,000 are rendered against one or more of the Company, any Issuer
Subsidiary and any Restricted Subsidiary and which judgments are not, within 60
days after entry thereof, bonded, discharged or stayed pending appeal, or are
not discharged within 60 days after the expiration of such stay; or
(j) the
Subsidiary Guaranty ceases to be in full force and effect with respect to any
Material Domestic Subsidiary, or any Material Domestic Subsidiary contests the
validity thereof; or
(k) the
Pledge Agreement ceases to be in full force and effect with respect to any
Pledgor, any Pledgor contests the validity of the Pledge Agreement, or the
Collateral Agent shall fail to have a valid, perfected and enforceable first
priority security interest in the Pledged Securities; or
(l) [intentionally
omitted]
(m) the
Parent Guaranty shall cease to be in full force and effect or shall be declared
by a court or administrative or governmental body of competent jurisdiction to
be void, voidable or unenforceable against the Company, or the validity or
enforceability of the Parent Guaranty against the Company shall be contested by
the Company, or any Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company, or the Company, or
any Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company, shall deny that the Company has any
further liability or obligation under the Parent Guaranty; or
(n) (i)
any Plan shall fail to satisfy the minimum funding standards of ERISA or the
Code for any plan year or part thereof or a waiver of such standards or
extension of any amortization period is sought or granted under section 412 of
the Code, (ii) a notice of intent to terminate any Plan shall have been or is
reasonably expected to be filed with the PBGC or the PBGC shall have instituted
proceedings under ERISA section 4042 to terminate or appoint a trustee to
administer any Plan or the PBGC shall have notified the Company or any ERISA
Affiliate that a Plan may become a subject of any such proceedings, (iii) the
aggregate “amount of unfunded benefit liabilities” (within the meaning of
section 4001(a)(18) of ERISA) under all Plans, determined in accordance with
Title IV of ERISA, shall exceed 5% of Consolidated Net Worth as of the end of
the most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Company, (iv) the Company or any
ERISA Affiliate shall have incurred or is reasonably expected to incur any
liability pursuant to Title I or IV of ERISA or the penalty or excise tax
provisions of the Code relating to employee benefit plans, (v) the Company or
any ERISA Affiliate withdraws from any Multiemployer Plan, or (vi) the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries establishes or amends any employee welfare benefit
plan that provides post-employment welfare benefits in a manner that would
increase the liability of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries thereunder; and
any such event or events described in clauses (i) through (vi) above, either
individually or together with any other such event or events, could reasonably
be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
As used
in Section 11(n), the terms “employee benefit plan” and
“employee welfare benefit
plan” shall have the respective meanings assigned to such terms in
Section 3 of ERISA.
12. REMEDIES
ON DEFAULT, ETC.
12.1 Acceleration.
(a) If an
Event of Default with respect to the Company or any Issuer Subsidiary described
in paragraph (g) or (h) of Section 11 (other than an Event of Default described
in clause (i) of paragraph (g) or described in clause (vi) of paragraph (g) by
virtue of the fact that such clause encompasses clause (i) of paragraph (g)) has
occurred, all the Notes then outstanding shall automatically become immediately
due and payable.
(b) If any
other Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, any holder or holders of
more than 50% in principal amount of the Notes at the time outstanding may at
any time at its or their option, by notice or notices to the Company, declare
all the Notes then outstanding to be immediately due and payable.
(c) If any
Event of Default described in paragraph (a) or (b) of Section 11 has occurred
and is continuing, any holder or holders of Notes at the time outstanding
affected by such Event of Default may at any time, at its or their option, by
notice or notices to the Company, declare all the Notes held by it or them to be
immediately due and payable.
Upon any
Notes becoming due and payable under this Section 12.1, whether automatically or
by declaration, such Notes will forthwith mature and the entire unpaid principal
amount of such Notes, plus (x) all accrued and unpaid interest thereon and (y)
the Make-Whole Amount determined in respect of such principal amount (to the
full extent permitted by applicable law), shall all be immediately due and
payable, in each and every case without presentment, demand, protest or further
notice, all of which are hereby waived. The Company and each Issuer
Subsidiary acknowledge, and the parties hereto agree, that each holder of a Note
has the right to maintain its investment in the Notes free from repayment by the
Company or such Issuer Subsidiary (except as herein specifically provided for)
and that the provision for payment of a Make-Whole Amount by the Company or such
Issuer Subsidiary in the event that the Notes are prepaid or are accelerated as
a result of an Event of Default, is intended to provide compensation for the
deprivation of such right under such circumstances.
12.2 Other Remedies.
If any
Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, and irrespective of
whether any Notes have become or have been declared immediately due and payable
under Section 12.1, the holder of any Note at the time outstanding may proceed
to protect and enforce the rights of such holder by an action at law, suit in
equity or other appropriate proceeding, whether for the specific performance of
any agreement contained herein, in the Collateral Documents or in any Note, or
for an injunction against a violation of any of the terms hereof or thereof, or
in aid of the exercise of any power granted hereby or thereby or by law or
otherwise.
12.3 Rescission.
At any
time after any Notes have been declared due and payable pursuant to clause (b)
or (c) of Section 12.1, the Required Holders, by written notice to the Company,
may rescind and annul any such declaration and its consequences, and at any time
after any Notes have become due and payable pursuant to clause (a) of Section
12.1, the holders of all Notes then outstanding, by written notice to the
Company, may rescind acceleration of the Notes resulting from the occurrence of
an Event of Default described in paragraph (h) of Section 11, if in each case
(i) the Company or the Issuer Subsidiary has paid all overdue interest on the
Notes, all principal of and Make-Whole Amount, if any, on any Notes that are due
and payable and are unpaid other than by reason of such declaration, and all
interest on such overdue principal and Make-Whole Amount, if any, and (to the
extent permitted by applicable law) any overdue interest in respect of the
Notes, at the Default Rate, (ii) all Events of Default and Defaults, other than
non-payment of amounts that have become due solely by reason of such declaration
or acceleration, have been cured or have been waived pursuant to Section 17, and
(iii) no judgment or decree has been entered for the payment of any monies due
pursuant hereto or to the Notes. No rescission and annulment under
this Section 12.3 will extend to or affect any subsequent Event of Default or
Default or impair any right consequent thereon.
12.4 No
Waivers or Election of Remedies, Expenses, etc.
No course
of dealing and no delay on the part of any holder of any Note in exercising any
right, power or remedy shall operate as a waiver thereof or otherwise prejudice
such holder’s rights, powers or remedies. No right, power or remedy
conferred by this Agreement, the Collateral Documents or by any Note upon any
holder thereof shall be exclusive of any other right, power or remedy referred
to herein or therein or now or hereafter available at law, in equity, by statute
or otherwise. Without limiting the obligations of the Company under
Section 15, the Company will (and, with respect to Notes it has issued, each
Issuer Subsidiary will) pay to the holder of each Note on demand such further
amount as shall be sufficient to cover all costs and expenses of such holder
incurred in any enforcement or collection under this Section 12, including,
without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees, expenses and
disbursements.
13. REGISTRATION;
EXCHANGE; SUBSTITUTION OF NOTES.
13.1 Registration of
Notes.
The
Company shall keep at its principal executive office a register for the
registration and registration of transfers of Notes. The name and
address of each holder of one or more Notes, each transfer thereof and the name
and address of each transferee of one or more Notes shall be registered in such
register. Prior to due presentment for registration of transfer, the
Person in whose name any Note shall be registered shall be deemed and treated as
the owner and holder thereof for all purposes hereof, and the Company shall not
be affected by any notice or knowledge to the contrary. The Company
shall give to any holder of a Note that is an Institutional Investor promptly
upon request therefor, a complete and correct copy of the names and addresses of
all registered holders of Notes.
13.2 Transfer and Exchange of
Notes.
Upon
surrender of any Note at the principal executive office of the Company for
registration of transfer or exchange (and in the case of a surrender for
registration of transfer, duly endorsed or accompanied by a written instrument
of transfer duly executed by the registered holder of such Note or his attorney
duly authorized in writing and accompanied by the address for notices of each
transferee of such Note or part thereof), the Company or the applicable Issuer
Subsidiary shall execute and deliver, at its expense (except as provided below),
one or more new Notes (as requested by the holder thereof) in exchange therefor,
in an aggregate principal amount equal to the unpaid principal amount of the
surrendered Note. Each such new Note shall be payable to such Person
as such holder may request and shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit
A. Each such new Note shall be dated and bear interest from
the date to which interest shall have been paid on the surrendered Note or dated
the date of the surrendered Note if no interest shall have been paid
thereon. The Company or the applicable Issuer Subsidiary may require
payment of a sum sufficient to cover any stamp tax or governmental charge
imposed in respect of any such transfer of Notes. Notes shall not be
transferred in denominations of less than $100,000 (or its equivalent if
denominated in another currency), provided that if
necessary to enable the registration of transfer by a holder of its entire
holding of Notes, one Note may be in a denomination of less than $100,000 (or
its equivalent if denominated in another currency). Any transferee,
by its acceptance of a Note registered in its name (or the name of its nominee),
shall be deemed to have made the representations set forth in Section
6. Each transferee of a Note shall, as a condition to
transfer, simultaneously become a party to the Amended and Restated Collateral
Agency and Intercreditor Agreement. Each transferee of a Note which
was not previously a holder of the Notes under this Agreement and which is not
incorporated under the laws of the United States of America or a state thereof
shall, within three Business Days of becoming a holder, deliver to the Company
such certificate and other evidence as the Company may reasonably request to
establish that such holder is entitled to receive payments under the Notes
without deduction or withholding of any United States federal income
taxes.
13.3 Replacement of
Notes.
Upon
receipt by the Company or the applicable Issuer Subsidiary of evidence
reasonably satisfactory to it of the ownership of and the loss, theft,
destruction or mutilation of any Note (which evidence shall be, in the case of
an Institutional Investor, notice from such Institutional Investor of such
ownership and such loss, theft, destruction or mutilation), and
(a) in the
case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it
(provided that
if the holder of such Note is, or is a nominee for, an original Purchaser or
another holder of a Note with a minimum net worth of at least $100,000,000, such
Person’s own unsecured agreement of indemnity shall be deemed to be
satisfactory), or
(b) in the
case of mutilation, upon surrender and cancellation thereof,
the
Company or such Issuer Subsidiary at its own expense shall execute and deliver,
in lieu thereof, a new Note, dated and bearing interest from the date to which
interest shall have been paid on such lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated Note
or dated the date of such lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated Note if no
interest shall have been paid thereon.
14. PAYMENTS
ON NOTES.
14.1 Place of Payment.
Subject
to Section 14.2, payments of principal, Make-Whole Amount, if any, and interest
becoming due and payable on the Notes shall be made in Provo, Utah at the
principal office of the Company in such jurisdiction. The Company may
at any time, by notice to each holder of a Note, change the place of payment of
the Notes so long as such place of payment shall be either the principal office
of the Company in such jurisdiction or the principal office of a bank or trust
company in such jurisdiction.
14.2 Home Office
Payment.
So long
as any Purchaser or its nominee shall be the holder of any Note, and
notwithstanding anything contained in Section 14.1 or in such Note to the
contrary, the Company and each Issuer Subsidiary will pay all sums becoming due
on such Note for principal, Make-Whole Amount, if any, and interest by wire
transfer of immediately available funds to the account or accounts specified in
the Purchaser Schedule to the Confirmation of Acceptance with respect to such
Note, or by such other method or at such other address as such Purchaser shall
have from time to time specified to the Company or such Issuer Subsidiary in
writing for such purpose, without the presentation or surrender of such Note or
the making of any notation thereon, except that upon written request of the
Company or such Issuer Subsidiary made concurrently with or reasonably promptly
after payment or prepayment in full of any Note, such Purchaser shall surrender
such Note for cancellation, reasonably promptly after any such request, to the
Company at its principal executive office or at the place of payment most
recently designated by the Company pursuant to Section 14.1. Prior to
any sale or other disposition of any Note held by any Purchaser or its nominee
such Purchaser will, at its election, either endorse thereon the amount of
principal paid thereon and the last date to which interest has been paid thereon
or surrender such Note to the Company in exchange for a new Note or Notes
pursuant to Section 13.2. The Company and each Issuer
Subsidiary will afford the benefits of this Section 14.2 to any
Institutional Investor that is the direct or indirect transferee of any Note
purchased under this Agreement that has made the same agreement relating to such
Note as the Purchasers have made in this Section 14.2.
14.3 Currency of
Payments.
(a) All
payments under this Agreement and the Notes shall be made in the Available
Currency in which the relevant Notes are denominated.
(b) All
expenses required to be reimbursed pursuant to this Agreement or the Notes shall
be reimbursed in the currency in which such expenses were originally
incurred.
(c) To the
fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the obligation of the Company and
each Issuer Subsidiary in respect of any amount due under or in respect of this
Agreement and the Notes, notwithstanding any payment in any currency other than
the currency required to be used to pay such amount (as set forth in this
Section 14.3), whether as a result of (1) any judgment or order or the
enforcement thereof, (2) the realization on any security, (3) the liquidation of
the Company or any Issuer Subsidiary, (4) any voluntary payment by the Company
or any Issuer Subsidiary or any of them or (5) any other reason, shall be
discharged only to the extent of the amount of the applicable Available Currency
that each holder of Notes entitled to receive such payment may, in accordance
with normal banking procedures, purchase with the sum paid in such other
currency (after any premium and costs of exchange) on the New York Business Day
immediately following the day on which such holder receives such payment and if
the amount in such Available Currency that may be so purchased for any reason is
less than the amount originally due, the Company or the applicable Issuer
Subsidiary shall indemnify and save harmless such holder from and against all
loss or damage arising out of or as a result of such deficiency. This
indemnity shall constitute an obligation separate and independent from the other
obligations contained in this Agreement and the Notes, shall give rise to a
separate and independent cause of action, shall apply irrespective of any
indulgence granted by such holder from time to time and shall continue in full
force and effect notwithstanding any judgment or order for a liquidated sum in
respect of an amount due under this Agreement or the Notes or under any judgment
or order.
14.4 Payments Free and Clear of
Taxes.
(a) Payments. The
Company and each Issuer Subsidiary will pay all amounts of principal of,
applicable Make-Whole Amount, if any, and interest on the Notes, and all other
amounts payable hereunder or under the Notes, without set-off or counterclaim
and free and clear of, and without deduction or withholding for or on account
of, all present and future income, stamp, documentary and other taxes and
duties, and all other levies, imposts, charges, fees, deductions and
withholdings, now or hereafter imposed, levied, collected, withheld or assessed
by any Governmental Authority (except net income taxes and franchise taxes in
lieu of net income taxes imposed on any holder of any Note by its jurisdiction
of incorporation or the jurisdiction in which its applicable lending office is
located) (all such non-excluded taxes, duties, levies, imposts, duties, charges,
fees, deductions and withholdings being hereinafter called “Taxes”). If any
Taxes are required to be withheld from any amounts payable to a holder of any
Notes, the amounts so payable to such holder shall be increased to the extent
necessary to yield such holder (after payment of all Taxes) interest on any such
other amounts payable hereunder at the rates or in the amounts specified in this
Agreement and the Notes. Whenever any Taxes are payable by the
Company or such Issuer Subsidiary, as promptly as possible thereafter, the
Company or such Issuer Subsidiary shall send to each holder of the Notes, a
certified copy of an original official receipt received by the Company or such
Issuer Subsidiary showing payment thereof. If the Company or such
Issuer Subsidiary fails to pay any Taxes when due to the appropriate taxing
authority or fails to remit to each holder of the Notes the required receipts or
other required documentary evidence, the Company or such Issuer Subsidiary shall
indemnify each holder of the Notes for any taxes (including interest or
penalties) that may become payable by such holder as a result of any such
failure. The obligations of the Company and each Issuer Subsidiary
under this subsection 14.4(a) shall survive the payment and performance of the
Notes and the termination of this Agreement.
(b) Withholding Exemption
Certificates. On or prior to the applicable Closing Day, each
holder of the Notes which is not organized under the laws of the United States
of America or a state thereof shall deliver to the Company such certificates and
other evidence as the Company may reasonably request to establish that such
holder is entitled to receive payments under the Notes without deduction or
withholding of any United States federal income taxes. Each such
holder further agrees (i) promptly to notify the Company of any change of
circumstances (including any change in any treaty, law or regulation) which
would prevent such holder from receiving payments under the Notes without any
deduction or withholding of such taxes, and (ii) on or before the date that any
certificate or other form delivered by such holder under this Section 14.4(b)
expires or becomes obsolete or after the occurrence of any event requiring a
change in the most recent such certificate or form previously delivered by such
holder, to deliver to the Company a new certificate or form, certifying that
such holder is entitled to receive payments under the Notes without deduction or
withholding of such taxes. If any holder of the Notes which is not
organized under the laws of the United States of America or a state thereof
fails to provide to the Company pursuant to this Section 14.4(b) (or in the case
of a transferee of a Note, Section 13.2) any certificates or other evidence
required by such provision to establish that such holder is, at the time it
becomes a holder, entitled to receive payments under the Notes without deduction
or withholding of any United States federal income taxes, such holder shall not
be entitled to any indemnification under Section 14.4(a) for any Taxes imposed
on such holder.
15. EXPENSES,
ETC.
15.1 Transaction
Expenses.
Whether
or not the transactions contemplated hereby are consummated, the Company will
pay all costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees of one special
counsel and, if reasonably required, local or other counsel) incurred by the
Collateral Agent, each Purchaser or holder of a Note in connection with such
transactions and in connection with any amendments, waivers or consents under or
in respect of this Agreement, the Collateral Documents or the Notes (whether or
not such amendment, waiver or consent becomes effective), including, without
limitation: (a) the costs and expenses incurred in enforcing or defending (or
determining whether or how to enforce or defend) any rights under this
Agreement, the Collateral Documents or the Notes or in responding to any
subpoena or other legal process or informal investigative demand issued in
connection with this Agreement, the Collateral Documents or the Notes, or by
reason of being a holder of any Note, and (b) the costs and expenses, including
financial advisors’ fees, incurred in connection with the insolvency or
bankruptcy of the Company or any Subsidiary or in connection with any work-out
or restructuring of the transactions contemplated hereby, by the Collateral
Documents and by the Notes. The Company will pay, and will save each
holder of a Note harmless from, all claims in respect of any fees, costs or
expenses if any, of brokers and finders (other than those retained by such
holder).
15.2 Survival.
The
obligations of the Company under this Section 15 will survive the payment or
transfer of any Note, the enforcement, amendment or waiver of any provision of
this Agreement, the Collateral Documents or the Notes, and the termination of
this Agreement and the Collateral Documents.
16.
|
SURVIVAL
OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES; ENTIRE
AGREEMENT.
|
All
representations and warranties contained herein, in the Collateral Documents or
in any Confirmation of Acceptance shall survive the execution and delivery of
this Agreement, the Collateral Documents, such Confirmation of Acceptance and
the Notes, the purchase or transfer by any holder of any Note or portion thereof
or interest therein and the payment of any Note, and may be relied upon by any
subsequent holder of a Note, regardless of any investigation made at any time by
or on behalf of any Purchaser or any other holder of a Note. All
statements contained in any certificate or other instrument delivered by or on
behalf of the Company pursuant to this Agreement or the Collateral Documents
shall be deemed representations and warranties of the Company under this
Agreement. Subject to the preceding sentence, this Agreement, the
Collateral Documents and the Notes embody the entire agreement and understanding
between the Prudential and the Purchasers, on the one hand, and the Company and
each Issuer Subsidiary, on the other hand, and supersede all prior agreements
and understandings relating to the subject matter hereof.
17. AMENDMENT
AND WAIVER.
17.1 Requirements.
This
Agreement and the Collateral Documents may be amended, and the Company (or any
Issuer Subsidiary, as applicable) may take any action herein prohibited, or omit
to perform any act herein required to be performed by it, if the Company (or
such Issuer Subsidiary, as applicable) shall obtain the written consent to such
amendment, action or omission to act, of the Required Holder(s) of the Notes,
except that:
(i) without
the written consent of the holders of all Notes of a particular Series, and if
an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, of the holders of all
Notes of all Series, at the time outstanding, the Notes of such Series may not
be amended or the provisions thereof waived to change the maturity thereof, to
change or affect the principal thereof, or to change or affect the rate or time
of payment of interest on or any Make-Whole Amount payable with respect to the
Notes of such Series,
(ii) without
the written consent of the holder or holders of all Notes at the time
outstanding, no amendment to or waiver of the provisions of this Agreement shall
change or affect the provisions of Section 12 or this Section 17 insofar as such
provisions relate to proportions of the principal amount of the Notes of any
Series, or the rights of any individual holder of Notes, required with respect
to any declaration of Notes to be due and payable or with respect to any
consent, amendment, waiver or declaration,
(iii) without
the written consent of Prudential, the provisions of Section 2B may not be
amended or waived (provided that if any such amendment or waiver would affect
any rights or obligations with respect to the purchase and sale of Notes which
shall have become Accepted Notes prior to such amendment or waiver, the
requirements of clause (iv), below, must also be satisfied), and
(iv) without
the written consent of all of the Purchasers which shall have become obligated
to purchase Accepted Notes of any Series, no provision of Sections 2B or 3 may
be amended or waived if such amendment or waiver would affect the rights or
obligations with respect to the purchase and sale of the Accepted Notes of such
Series or the terms and provisions of such Accepted Notes.
Each
holder of any Note at the time or thereafter outstanding shall be bound by any
consent authorized by this Section 17, whether or not such Note shall have been
marked to indicate such consent. No course of dealing between the
Company and the holder of any Note nor any delay in exercising any rights
hereunder or under any Note shall operate as a waiver of any rights of any
holder of such Note.
As used
herein, the term “this Agreement” and “the Collateral Documents” and references
thereto shall mean this Agreement and the Collateral Documents, respectively, as
they may from time to time be amended or supplemented.
17.2 Notes
held by Company, etc.
Solely
for the purpose of determining whether the holders of the requisite percentage
of the aggregate principal amount of Notes or any Series thereof then
outstanding have approved or consented to any amendment, waiver or consent to be
given under this Agreement or the Notes or any Series thereof, or have directed
the taking of any action provided herein or in the Notes or any Series thereof
to be taken upon the direction of the holders of a specified percentage of the
aggregate principal amount of Notes or any Series thereof then outstanding,
Notes or any Series thereof directly or indirectly owned by the Company or any
of its Affiliates shall be deemed not to be outstanding.
18. NOTICES.
All
notices and communications provided for hereunder (other than communication
provided for in Section 2, which shall be provided as contemplated therein)
shall be in writing and sent (a) by telefacsimile if the sender on the same day
sends a confirming copy of such notice by a recognized overnight delivery
service (charges prepaid), or (b) by registered or certified mail with return
receipt requested (postage prepaid), or (c) by a recognized overnight delivery
service (with charges prepaid). Any such notice must be
sent:
(a) if to any
Purchaser or its nominee, to such Person at the address specified for such
communications in the Purchaser Schedule attached to the applicable Confirmation
of Acceptance, or at such other address as such Person shall have specified to
the Company in writing,
(b) if to any
other holder of any Note, to such holder at such address as such other holder
shall have specified to the Company in writing, or
(c) if to the
Company or any Issuer Subsidiary, to the Company at One Nu Skin Plaza, 75 West
Center Street, Provo, Utah 84601 to the attention of the Chief Financial
Officer, or at such other address as the Company or such Issuer Subsidiary shall
have specified to the holder of each Note in writing.
Notices
under this Section 18 will be deemed to have been given and received when
delivered at the address so specified. Any communication pursuant to
Section 2 shall be made by a method specified for such communication in Section
2, and shall be effective to create any rights or obligations under this
Agreement only if, in the case of a telephone communication, an Authorized
Officer of the party conveying the information and of the party receiving the
information are parties to the telephone call, and in the case of a
telefacsimile communication, the communication is signed by an Authorized
Officer of the party conveying the information, addressed to the attention of an
Authorized Officer of the party receiving the information, and in fact received
at the telefacsimile terminal the number of which is listed for the party
receiving the communication on the Information Schedule hereto or at such other
telefacsimile terminal as the party receiving the information shall have
specified in writing to the party sending such information.
19. REPRODUCTION
OF DOCUMENTS.
This
Agreement, the Collateral Documents and all documents relating thereto,
including, without limitation, (a) consents, waivers and modifications that may
hereafter be executed, (b) documents by Prudential or any Purchaser may receive
on any Closing Day (except the Notes themselves), and (c) financial statements,
certificates and other information previously or hereafter furnished to
Prudential or any Purchaser, may be reproduced by Prudential or such Purchaser
by any photographic, photostatic, microfilm, microcard, miniature photographic
or other similar process and Prudential or such Purchaser may destroy any
original document so reproduced. The Company agrees and stipulates
that, to the extent permitted by applicable law, any such reproduction shall be
admissible in evidence as the original itself in any judicial or administrative
proceeding (whether or not the original is in existence and whether or not such
reproduction was made in the regular course of business) and any enlargement,
facsimile or further reproduction of such reproduction shall likewise be
admissible in evidence. This Section 19 shall not prohibit the
Company or any other holder of Notes from contesting any such reproduction to
the same extent that it could contest the original, or from introducing evidence
to demonstrate the inaccuracy of any such reproduction.
20. CONFIDENTIAL
INFORMATION.
For the
purposes of this Section 20, “Confidential Information” means information
delivered to any Purchaser by or on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary in
connection with the transactions contemplated by or otherwise pursuant to this
Agreement that is proprietary in nature and that was clearly marked or labeled
or otherwise adequately identified when received by such Purchaser as being
confidential information of the Company or such Subsidiary, provided that such
term does not include information that (a) was publicly known or otherwise known
to such Purchaser prior to the time of such disclosure, (b) subsequently becomes
publicly known through no act or omission by such Purchaser or any person acting
on its behalf, (c) otherwise becomes known to such Purchaser other than through
disclosure (x) by the Company or any Subsidiary, or (y) by another Person known
by such Purchaser to be bound by a confidentiality agreement with the Company,
or (d) constitutes financial statements delivered to such Purchaser under
Section 7.1 that are otherwise publicly available. Each Purchaser
will maintain the confidentiality of such Confidential Information in accordance
with procedures adopted by it in good faith to protect confidential information
of third parties delivered to it, provided that each
Purchaser may deliver or disclose Confidential Information to (i) its directors,
officers, employees, agents, attorneys and affiliates (to the extent such
disclosure reasonably relates to the administration of the investment
represented by any Notes), (ii) its financial advisors and other professional
advisors who agree to hold confidential the Confidential Information
substantially in accordance with the terms of this Section 20, (iii) any other
holder of any Note, (iv) any Institutional Investor to which such Purchaser
sells or offers to sell such Note or any part thereof or any participation
therein (if such Person has agreed in writing prior to its receipt of such
Confidential Information to be bound by the provisions of this Section 20), (v)
any Person from which such Purchaser offers to purchase any security of the
Company (if such Person has agreed in writing prior to its receipt of such
Confidential Information to be bound by the provisions of this Section 20), (vi)
any federal or state regulatory authority having jurisdiction over such
Purchaser, (vii) the National Association of Insurance Commissioners or any
similar organization, or any nationally recognized rating agency that requires
access to information about such Purchaser’s investment portfolio or (viii) any
other Person to which such delivery or disclosure may be necessary or
appropriate (w) to effect compliance with any law, rule, regulation or order
applicable to such Purchaser, (x) in response to any subpoena or other legal
process (provided that such Purchaser give prompt notice to the Company of such
subpoena or legal process to the extent such Purchaser is legally permitted to
do so), (y) in connection with any litigation to which such Purchaser is a
party, or (z) if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, to the
extent such Purchaser may reasonably determine such delivery and disclosure to
be necessary or appropriate in the enforcement or for the protection of the
rights and remedies under its Notes, this Agreement and the Collateral
Documents. Each holder of a Note, by its acceptance of a Note, will
be deemed to have agreed to be bound by and to be entitled to the benefits of
this Section 20 as though it were a party to this Agreement. On
reasonable request by the Company in connection with the delivery to any holder
of a Note of information required to be delivered to such holder under this
Agreement or requested by such holder (other than a holder that is a party to
this Agreement or its nominee), such holder will enter into an agreement with
the Company embodying the provisions of this Section 20.
21. GUARANTEED
OBLIGATIONS.
21.1 Guaranteed
Obligations.
The
Company, in consideration of the execution and delivery of this Agreement and
the purchase by the Purchasers of any Notes issued by an Issuer Subsidiary,
hereby irrevocably, unconditionally, absolutely, jointly and severally
guarantees, on a continuing basis, to each holder of Notes as and for the
Company’s own debt, until final and indefeasible payment has been made the due
and punctual payment by each Issuer Subsidiary of the principal of, and
interest, and the Make-Whole Amount (if any) on, the Notes issued by such Issuer
Subsidiary at any time outstanding and the due and punctual payment of all other
amounts payable, and all other indebtedness owing, by such Issuer Subsidiary to
the holders of such Notes under this Agreement and such Notes, in each case when
and as the same shall become due and payable, whether at maturity, pursuant to
mandatory or optional prepayment, by acceleration or otherwise, all in
accordance with the terms and provisions hereof and thereof; it being the intent
of the Company that the guaranty set forth herein shall be a continuing guaranty
of payment and not a guaranty of collection. All of the obligations
set forth in this Section 21.1 are referred to herein as the “Guaranteed Obligations” and
the guaranty thereof set forth in this Section 21 is referred to herein as the
“Parent
Guaranty.”
21.2 Payments and
Performance.
In
the event that an Issuer Subsidiary fails to make, on or before the due date
thereof, any payment to be made of any principal amount of, or interest or
Make-Whole Amount on, or in respect of, the Notes issued by such Issuer
Subsidiary or of any other amounts due to any holder of Notes under the Notes or
this Agreement, after giving effect to any applicable grace periods or cure
provisions or waivers or amendments, the Company shall cause forthwith to be
paid the moneys in respect of which such failure has occurred in accordance with
the terms and provisions of this Agreement and the Notes. In
furtherance of the foregoing, if any or all of the Notes have been accelerated
as provided in Section 12.1 (and such acceleration has not been rescinded), the
Guaranteed Obligations in respect of such Notes shall forthwith become due and
payable without notice, regardless of whether the acceleration of such Notes
shall be stayed, enjoined, delayed or deemed ineffective. Nothing
shall discharge or satisfy the obligations of the Company hereunder except the
full, final and indefeasible payment of the Guaranteed Obligations.
21.3 Releases.
The
Company consents and agrees that, without any notice whatsoever to or by the
Company, except with respect to any action (but not any failure to act) referred
to in clauses (i), (ii) and (iv) below (it being understood that the Company
shall be deemed to have notice of any matter as to which any Issuer Subsidiary
has knowledge), and without impairing, releasing, abating, deferring,
suspending, reducing, terminating or otherwise affecting the obligations of the
Company hereunder, each holder of Notes, by action or inaction,
may:
(i) compromise
or settle, renew or extend the period of duration or the time for the payment,
or discharge the performance of, or may refuse to, or otherwise not, enforce, or
may, by action or inaction, release all or any one or more parties to, any one
or more of the Notes, this Agreement, or any other guaranty or agreement or
instrument related thereto or hereto;
(ii) assign,
sell or transfer, or otherwise dispose of, any one or more of the
Notes;
(iii) grant
waivers, extensions, consents and other indulgences of any kind whatsoever to
any Issuer Subsidiary or any other Person liable in any manner in respect of all
or any part of the Guaranteed Obligations;
(iv) amend,
modify or supplement in any manner whatsoever and at any time (or from time to
time) any one or more of the Notes, this Agreement, or any other guaranty or any
agreement or instrument related thereto or hereto;
(v) release
or substitute any one or more of the endorsers or guarantors of the Guaranteed
Obligations whether parties hereto or not; and
(vi) sell,
exchange, release, accept, surrender or enforce rights in, or fail to obtain or
perfect or to maintain, or cause to be obtained, perfected or maintained, the
perfection of any security interest or other Lien on, by action or inaction, any
property at any time pledged or granted as security in respect of the Guaranteed
Obligations, whether so pledged or granted by the Company, any Issuer Subsidiary
or any other Person.
The
Company hereby ratifies and confirms any such action specified in this Section
21.3 and agrees that the same shall be binding upon the Company. The
Company hereby waives any and all defenses, counterclaims or offsets which the
Company might or could have by reason thereof.
21.4 Waivers.
To
the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company hereby waives:
(i) notice of
acceptance of this Agreement;
(ii) notice of
any purchase or acceptance of the Notes under this Agreement, or the creation,
existence or acquisition of any of the Guaranteed Obligations, subject to the
Company’s right to make inquiry of each holder of Notes to ascertain the amount
of the Guaranteed Obligations at any reasonable time;
(iii) notice of
the amount of the Guaranteed Obligations, subject to the Company’s right to make
inquiry of each holder of Notes to ascertain the amount of the Guaranteed
Obligations at any reasonable time;
(iv) notice of
adverse change in the financial condition of any Issuer Subsidiary or any other
guarantor or any other fact that might increase the Company’s risk
hereunder;
(v) notice of
presentment for payment, demand, protest, and notice thereof as to the Notes or
any other instrument;
(vi) notice of
any Default or Event of Default, so long as any Issuer Subsidiary has knowledge
thereof;
(vii) all other
notices and demands to which the Company might otherwise be entitled (except if
such notice or demand is specifically otherwise required to be given to the
Company under this Agreement);
(viii) the right
by statute or otherwise to require any or each holder of Notes to institute suit
against any Issuer Subsidiary or any other guarantor or to exhaust the rights
and remedies of any or each holder of Notes against any Issuer Subsidiary or any
other guarantor, the Company being bound to the payment of each and all
Guaranteed Obligations, whether now existing or hereafter accruing, as fully as
if such Guaranteed Obligations were directly owing to each holder of Notes by
the Company;
(ix) any
defense arising by reason of any disability or other defense (other than the
defense that the Guaranteed Obligations shall have been fully, finally and
indefeasibly paid) of any Issuer Subsidiary or by reason of the cessation from
any cause whatsoever of the liability of any Issuer Subsidiary in respect
thereof;
(x) any stay
(except in connection with a pending appeal), valuation, appraisal, redemption
or extension law now or at any time hereafter in force that, but for this
waiver, might be applicable to any sale of property of the Company made under
any judgment, order or decree based on this Agreement, and the Company covenants
that it will not at any time insist upon or plead, or in any manner claim or
take the benefit or advantage of any such law; and
(xi) at all
times prior to full, final and indefeasible payment of the Guaranteed
Obligations, any claim of any nature arising out of any right of indemnity,
contribution, reimbursement, indemnification or any similar right or any claim
of subrogation (whether such right or claim arises under contract, common law or
statutory or civil law (including, without limitation, section 509 of the United
States Bankruptcy Code)) arising in respect of any payment made under this
Agreement or in connection with this Agreement, against any Issuer Subsidiary or
the estate of any Issuer Subsidiary (including Liens on the property of any
Issuer Subsidiary or the estate of any Issuer Subsidiary), in each case whether
or not any Issuer Subsidiary at any time shall be the subject of any proceeding
brought under any Bankruptcy Law, and the Company further agrees that, except as
provided in Section 21.9, it will not file any claims against any Issuer
Subsidiary or the estate of any Issuer Subsidiary in the course of any such
proceeding or otherwise, and further agrees that each holder of Notes may
specifically enforce the provisions of this clause (xi).
21.5 Marshaling.
The
Company consents and agrees:
(a) that each
holder of Notes, and each Person acting for the benefit of one or more of the
holders of Notes, shall be under no obligation to marshal any assets in favor of
the Company or against or in payment of any or all of the Guaranteed
Obligations; and
(b) that, to
the extent that any Issuer Subsidiary makes a payment or payments to any holder
of Notes, which payment or payments or any part thereof are subsequently
invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside or required,
for any of the foregoing reasons or for any other reason, to be repaid or paid
over to a custodian, trustee, receiver or any other party under any Bankruptcy
Law, other common or civil law, or equitable cause, then, to the extent of such
payment or repayment, the obligation or part thereof intended to be satisfied
thereby shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such
payment or payments had not been made and the Company shall be primarily liable
for such obligation.
21.6 Immediate
Liability.
The
Company agrees that the liability of the Company in respect of this Parent
Guaranty shall be immediate and shall not be contingent upon the exercise or
enforcement by any holder of Notes or any other Person of whatever remedies such
holder of Notes or other Person may have against any Issuer Subsidiary or any
other guarantor or the enforcement of any Lien or realization upon any security
such holder of Notes or other Person may at any time possess.
21.7 Primary
Obligations.
This
Parent Guaranty is a primary and original obligation of the Company and is an
absolute, unconditional, continuing and irrevocable guaranty of payment and
shall remain in full force and effect without respect to any action by any
holder of Notes specified in Section 21.3 hereof or any future changes in
conditions, including, without limitation, change of law or any invalidity or
irregularity with respect to the issuance or assumption of any obligations
(including, without limitation, the Notes) of or by any Issuer Subsidiary or any
other guarantor, or with respect to the execution and delivery of any agreement
(including, without limitation, the Notes and this Agreement) by any Issuer
Subsidiary or any other Person.
21.8 No Reduction or
Defense.
The
obligations of the Company under this Agreement, and the rights of any holder of
Notes to enforce such obligations by any proceedings, whether by action at law,
suit in equity or otherwise, shall not be subject to any reduction, limitation,
impairment or termination, whether by reason of any claim of any character
whatsoever or otherwise (other than payment in full of all amounts owing
hereunder or under the Notes), including, without limitation, claims of waiver,
release, surrender, alteration or compromise, and shall not be subject to any
defense (other than any defense based upon the irrevocable payment in full of
the obligations under this Agreement and the Notes), set-off, counterclaim,
recoupment or termination whatsoever.
Without
limiting the generality of the foregoing, the obligations of the Company shall
not be discharged or impaired by:
(a) any
default (including, without limitation, any Default or Event of Default),
failure or delay, willful or otherwise, in the performance of any obligations by
any Issuer Subsidiary or any of its respective Subsidiaries or
Affiliates;
(b) any
proceeding of, or involving, any Issuer Subsidiary under any Bankruptcy Law, or
any merger, consolidation, reorganization, dissolution, liquidation, sale of
assets or winding up or change in corporate (or other) constitution or corporate
(or other) identity or loss of corporate (or other) identity of any Issuer
Subsidiary or any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates;
(c) any
incapacity or lack of power, authority or legal personality of, or dissolution
or change in the directors, stockholders or status of, any Issuer Subsidiary or
any of its Subsidiaries or any other Person (other than the
Company);
(d) impossibility
or illegality of performance on the part of any Issuer Subsidiary under this
Agreement or the Notes;
(e) the
invalidity, irregularity or unenforceability of the Notes, this Agreement or any
documents referred to therein or herein;
(f) in
respect of any Issuer Subsidiary, any change of circumstances, whether or not
foreseen or foreseeable, whether or not imputable to any Issuer Subsidiary, or
impossibility of performance through fire, explosion, accident, labor
disturbance, floods, droughts, embargoes, wars (whether or not declared),
terrorist activities, civil commotions, acts of God or the public enemy, delays
or failure of suppliers or carriers, inability to obtain materials or any other
causes affecting performance, or any other force majeure, whether or not beyond
the control of any Issuer Subsidiary and whether or not of the kind hereinbefore
specified;
(g) any
attachment, claim, demand, charge, Lien, order, process, encumbrance or any
other happening or event or reason, similar or dissimilar to the foregoing, or
any withholding or diminution at the source, by reason of any taxes,
assessments, expenses, indebtedness, obligations or liabilities of any
character, foreseen or unforeseen, and whether or not valid, incurred by or
against any Person, corporation or entity, or any claims, demands, charges,
Liens or encumbrances of any nature, foreseen or unforeseen, incurred by any
Person, or against any sums payable under this Agreement or the Notes, so that
such sums would be rendered inadequate or would be unavailable to make the
payments herein provided; or
(h) any
order, judgment, decree, ruling or regulation (whether or not valid) of any
court of any nation or of any governmental authority or agency thereof, or any
other action, happening, event or reason whatsoever which shall delay, interfere
with, hinder or prevent, or in any way adversely affect, the performance by any
Issuer Subsidiary of its obligations under this Agreement or the Notes, as the
case may be.
21.9 Subordination.
In
the event that, for any reason whatsoever, any Issuer Subsidiary is now or
hereafter becomes indebted or obligated to the Company in any manner, the
Company agrees that the amount of such obligation, interest thereon if any, and
all other amounts due with respect thereto, shall, at all times during the
existence of a Default or an Event of Default, be subordinate as to time of
payment and in all other respects to all the Guaranteed Obligations, and the
Company shall not be entitled to enforce or receive payment thereof until all
sums then due and owing to the holders of the Notes in respect of the Guaranteed
Obligations shall have been fully, finally and indefeasibly paid in full in
cash, except that the Company may enforce (and shall enforce, at the request of
the Required Holders, and at the Company’s expense) any obligations in respect
of any such obligation owing to the Company from any Issuer Subsidiary so long
as all proceeds in respect of any recovery from such enforcement shall be held
by the Company in trust for the benefit of the holders of the Notes, to be paid
thereto as promptly as reasonably possible. If any other payment,
other than pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence, shall have been made
to the Company by any Subsidiary in respect of any such obligation during any
time that a Default or an Event of Default exists and there are Guaranteed
Obligations outstanding, the Company shall hold in trust all such payments for
the benefit of the holders of Notes, to be paid thereto as promptly as
reasonably possible.
21.10 No
Election.
Each
holder of Notes shall, individually or collectively, have the right to seek
recourse against the Company to the fullest extent provided for herein for its
obligations under this Agreement. No election to proceed in one form
of action or proceeding, or against any party, or on any obligation, shall
constitute a waiver of such holder’s right to proceed in any other form of
action or proceeding or against other parties unless such holder of Notes has
expressly waived such right in writing. Specifically, but without
limiting the generality of the foregoing, no action or proceeding by or on
behalf of any holder of Notes against an Issuer Subsidiary or any other Person
under any document or instrument evidencing obligations of such Issuer
Subsidiary or such other Person to or for the benefit of such holder of Notes
shall serve to diminish the liability of the Company under this Agreement except
to the extent that such holder of Notes unconditionally shall have realized
payment by such action or proceeding.
21.11 Severability.
Each
of the rights and remedies granted under this Section 21 to each holder of Notes
in respect of the Notes held by such holder may be exercised by such holder
without notice to, or the consent of or any other action by, any other holder of
Notes.
21.12 Appropriations.
Until
all amounts which may be or become payable by all Issuer Subsidiaries under or
in connection with this Agreement or the Notes or by the Company under or in
connection with this Agreement have been irrevocably paid in full, any holder of
Notes (or any trustee or agent on its behalf) may refrain from applying or
enforcing any moneys, security or rights held or received by such holder of
Notes (or any trustee or agent on its behalf) in respect of those amounts, or
apply and enforce the same in such manner and order as it sees fit (whether
against those amounts or otherwise) and the Company shall not be entitled to the
benefit of the same; provided, however, that any payments received from any
Issuer Subsidiary, or the Company on behalf of any Issuer Subsidiary, will be
applied to amounts owing by such Issuer Subsidiary hereunder or in respect of
the Notes issued by it.
21.13 Other Enforcement
Rights.
Each
holder of Notes may proceed to protect and enforce this Agreement by suit or
suits or proceedings in equity, at law or in bankruptcy or insolvency, and
whether for the specific performance of any covenant or agreement contained
herein or in execution or aid of any power herein granted, or for the recovery
of judgment for the obligations hereby guarantied or for the enforcement of any
other proper, legal or equitable remedy available under applicable
law.
21.14 Invalid Payments.
To
the extent that any payment is made to any holder of Notes in respect of the
Guaranteed Obligations by any Person, which payment or any part thereof is
subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside
or required, for any of the foregoing reasons or for any other reason, to be
repaid or paid over to a custodian, trustee, receiver, administrative receiver,
administrator or any other party or officer under any Bankruptcy Law, or any
other common or civil law or equitable cause, then to the extent of such payment
or repayment, the obligation or part thereof intended to be satisfied shall be
revived and continued in full force and effect as if said payment had not been
made and the Company shall be primarily liable for such obligation.
21.15 No Waivers or Election of Remedies;
Expenses; etc.
No
course of dealing and no delay on the part of any holder of any Note in
exercising any right, power or remedy shall operate as a waiver thereof or
otherwise prejudice such holder’s rights, powers or remedies. No
right, power or remedy conferred by this Agreement upon any holder of Notes
shall be exclusive of any other right, power or remedy referred to herein or
therein or now or hereafter available at law, in equity, by statute or
otherwise.
21.16 Restoration of Rights and
Remedies.
If
any holder of Notes shall have instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or
remedy under this Agreement or any Note held by such holder and such proceeding
shall have been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or shall have been
determined adversely to such holder, then and in every such case each such
holder of Notes, the Issuer Subsidiary which is the issuer of such Notes and the
Company shall, except as may be limited or affected by any determination in such
proceeding, be restored severally and respectively to its respective former
position hereunder and thereunder, and thereafter the rights and remedies of
such holder of Notes shall continue as though no such proceeding had been
instituted.
21.17 No Setoff or
Counterclaim.
Except
as otherwise required by law, each payment by the Company shall be made without
setoff or counterclaim.
21.18 Further
Assurances.
The
Company will cooperate with the holders of the Notes and execute such further
instruments and documents as the Required Holders shall reasonably request to
carry out, to the reasonable satisfaction of the Required Holders, the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Notes and the documents and
instruments related hereto and thereto.
21.19 Survival.
So
long as the Guaranteed Obligations shall not have been fully and finally
performed and indefeasibly paid, the obligations of the Company under this
Parent Guaranty shall survive the transfer and payment of any Note and the
payment in full of all the Notes.
22. JUDICIAL
PROCEEDINGS.
22.1 Consent to
Jurisdiction.
The
Company and each Issuer Subsidiary irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive
jurisdiction of any New York State or United States federal court sitting in New
York City, and irrevocably waives its own forum, over any suit, action or
proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any
Note. The Company and each Issuer Subsidiary irrevocably waives, to
the fullest extent it may effectively do so under applicable law, any objection
which it may have or hereafter have to the laying of the venue of any such suit,
action or proceeding brought in any such court and any claim that any such suit,
action or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an
inconvenient forum. The Company and each Issuer Subsidiary agrees, to
the fullest extent it may effectively do so under applicable law, that a final
judgment in any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such court shall be
conclusive and binding upon the Company and each Issuer Subsidiary may be
enforced in the courts of the United States, the State of New York (or any other
courts to the jurisdiction of which the Company is or may be subject) by a suit
upon such judgment, provided that service
of process is effected on the Company or such Issuer Subsidiary in one of the
manners specified below or as otherwise permitted by law.
22.2 Service of
Process.
The
Company and each Issuer Subsidiary hereby consents to process being served in
any suit, action or proceeding of the nature referred to in Section 22.1 by the
mailing of a copy thereof by registered or certified air mail, postage prepaid,
return receipt requested, to the address of the Company or such Issuer
Subsidiary set forth in Section 18. The Company and each Issuer
Subsidiary irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent it may effectively do so
under applicable law, all claim of error by reason of any such service and
agrees that such service (a) shall be deemed in every respect effective service
of process upon the Company or such Issuer Subsidiary in any such suit, action
or proceeding, and (b) shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be taken
and held to be valid personal service upon the Company.
22.3 No Limitation on Service or
Suit.
Nothing
in this Section 22 shall affect the right of any holder of the Notes to serve
process in any manner permitted by law or limit the right of any holder of the
Notes to bring proceedings against the Company or any Issuer Subsidiary in the
courts of any jurisdiction or jurisdictions or to enforce in any lawful manner a
judgment obtained in one jurisdiction in any other jurisdiction.
23. MISCELLANEOUS.
23.1 Successors and
Assigns.
All
covenants and other agreements contained in this Agreement and the Collateral
Documents by or on behalf of any of the parties hereto or thereto bind and inure
to the benefit of their respective successors and assigns (including, without
limitation, any subsequent holder of a Note) whether so expressed or
not.
23.2 Accounting
Principles.
The
Company shall prepare its accounts and financial statements required to be
delivered pursuant to Section 7.1 hereof in accordance with GAAP as in effect on
the date of, or at the end of the period covered by, such accounts and financial
statements as specified in Section 7.1 hereof, and any such accounts and
financial statements delivered pursuant to Section 7.1 hereof shall be audited,
and an audit report or opinion in respect thereof shall be executed, by
independent public accountants of recognized national standing, as more
particularly set forth in Section 7.1 hereof.
23.3 Payments Due on Non-Business
Days.
Anything
in this Agreement, the Collateral Documents or the Notes to the contrary
notwithstanding, any payment of principal of or Make-Whole Amount or interest on
any Note that is due on a date other than a New York Business Day shall be made
on the next succeeding New York Business Day without including the additional
days elapsed in the computation of the interest payable on such next succeeding
New York Business Day.
23.4 Severability.
Any
provision of this Agreement or the Collateral Documents that is prohibited or
unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective
to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the
remaining provisions hereof or thereof, and any such prohibition or
unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall (to the full extent permitted by law)
not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other
jurisdiction.
23.5 Construction.
Each
covenant contained herein shall be construed (absent express provision to the
contrary) as being independent of each other covenant contained herein, so that
compliance with any one covenant shall not (absent such an express contrary
provision) be deemed to excuse compliance with any other
covenant. Where any provision herein refers to action to be taken by
any Person, or which such Person is prohibited from taking, such provision shall
be applicable whether such action is taken directly or indirectly by such
Person.
23.6 Counterparts.
This
Agreement and the Collateral Documents may be executed in any number of
counterparts, each of which shall be an original but all of which together shall
constitute one instrument. Each counterpart may consist of a number
of copies hereof, each signed by less than all, but together signed by all, of
the parties hereto.
23.7 Governing Law.
This
Agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with, and the rights of
the parties shall be governed by, the law of the State of New York excluding
choice-of-law principles of the law of such State (other than Section 5-1401 of
the New York General Obligations Law) that would require the application of the
laws of a jurisdiction other than such State.
23.8 Transaction
References.
The Company and each Issuer Subsidiary
agree that Prudential Capital Group may (a) refer to its role in establishing
the Facility, as well as the identity of the Company and each Issuer Subsidiary
and the maximum aggregate principal amount of the Notes and the date on which
the Facility was established (as well as the date and the amount of any issuance
of Notes), on its internet site or in marketing materials, press releases,
published “tombstone” announcements or any other print or electronic medium, and
(b) display the corporate logo of Nu Skin in conjunction with any such
reference.
23.9 Binding
Agreement.
When
this Agreement is executed and delivered by the Company and Prudential, it shall
become a binding agreement between the Company and Prudential. This
Agreement shall also inure to the benefit of each Purchaser and Issuer
Subsidiary which shall have executed and delivered a Confirmation of Acceptance,
and each such Purchaser and Issuer Subsidiary shall be bound by this Agreement
to the extent provided in such Confirmation of Acceptance.
* * * * *
0;
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Very truly yours,
NU SKIN ENTERPRISES,
INC.
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By:
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/s/ Brian
R. Lords |
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Brian
R. Lords |
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Vice
President, Treasurer |
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The
foregoing Agreement is
hereby
accepted as of the
date
first above written.
PRUDENTIAL
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC.
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By:
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/s/
Iris Krause |
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Iris Krause
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Vice
President |
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SCHEDULE
A
DEFINED
TERMS
As used
herein, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below or set
forth in the Section hereof following such term:
“Acceptance” shall have the
meaning specified in Section 2B(5).
“Acceptance Day” shall have the
meaning specified in Section 2B(5).
“Accepted Note” shall have the
meaning specified in Section 2B(5).
“Acceptance Window” shall mean,
with respect to any Quotation, the time period designated by Prudential during
which the Company and Prudential shall be in live communication and the Company
may elect to accept such Quotation.
“Affiliate” means, at any time,
(a) with respect to any Person, any other Person that at such time directly or
indirectly through one or more intermediaries Controls, or is Controlled by, or
is under common Control with, such first Person, and (b) with respect to the
Company and its Subsidiaries, any Person beneficially owning or holding,
directly or indirectly, 5% or more of any class of voting or equity interests of
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any corporation of which the Company
and its Subsidiaries beneficially own or hold, in the aggregate, directly or
indirectly, 5% or more of any class of voting or equity interests. As
used in this definition, “Control” means the possession,
directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the
management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting
securities, by contract or otherwise. Unless the context otherwise
clearly requires, any reference to an “Affiliate” is a reference to an Affiliate
of the Company.
“Amended and Restated Collateral
Agency and Intercreditor Agreement” means the Amended and Restated
Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2003, by
and among the Collateral Agent, the Purchasers and each of the other Senior
Secured Creditors, and acknowledged by the Company and the Subsidiary
Guarantors, as such agreement has been or may be amended, supplemented or
modified from time to time.
“Amended and Restated Subordination
Agreement” means the Second Amended and Restated Subordination Agreement
substantially in the form of Exhibit F hereto, dated as of the date hereof, by
and among the subordinated creditors and senior creditors named therein, as
amended, supplemented or modified from time to time.
“Available Currencies” shall
mean British Pounds, Canadian Dollars, Dollars, Euros, and Yen.
“Available Facility Amount”
shall have the meaning specified in Section 2B(1).
“British Pounds” means the
lawful currency of the United Kingdom.
“Business Day” shall mean (i)
other than as provided in clauses (ii) and (iii) below, any day other than a
Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which commercial banks in New York City are
authorized or required to be closed, (ii) for purposes of Section 2B(3) only,
any day which is both a New York Business Day and a day on which Prudential is
open for business and (iii) for purposes of Section 8.6 only, (a) if with
respect to Notes denominated in British Pounds, any day which is both a New York
Business Day and a day on which commercial banks are not required or authorized
to be closed in London, (b) if with respect to Notes denominated in Canadian
Dollars, any day which is both a New York Business Day and a day on which
commercial banks are not required or authorized to be closed in Toronto, (c) if
with respect to Notes denominated in Dollars, a New York Business Day, (d) if
with respect to Notes denominated in Euros, any day which is both a New York
Business Day and a day on which commercial banks are not required or authorized
to be closed in Frankfurt and Brussels, and (e) if with respect to Notes
denominated in Yen, any day which is both a New York Business Day and a day on
which commercial banks are not required or authorized to be closed in Tokyo,
Japan.
“Canadian Dollars” means the
lawful currency of Canada.
“Cancellation Date” shall have
the meaning specified in Section 2B(8)(iv).
“Cancellation Fee” shall have
the meaning specified in Section 2B(8)(iv).
“Capital Lease” means, at any
time, a lease with respect to which the lessee is required concurrently to
recognize the acquisition of an asset and the incurrence of a liability in
accordance with GAAP.
“Closing Day” shall mean, with
respect to any Accepted Note, the Business Day specified for the closing of the
purchase and sale of such Accepted Note in the Confirmation of Acceptance with
respect to such Accepted Note, provided that (i) if the Company and the
Purchaser which is obligated to purchase such Accepted Note agree on an earlier
Business Day for such closing, the “Closing Day” for such Accepted Note shall be
such earlier Business Day, and (ii) if the closing of the purchase and sale of
such Accepted Note is rescheduled pursuant to Section 2B(7), the Closing Day for
such Accepted Note, for all purposes of this Agreement except references to
“original Closing Day” in Section 2B(8)(iii), shall mean the Rescheduled Closing
Day with respect to such Accepted Note.
“Code” means the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, and the rules and
regulations promulgated thereunder from time to time.
“Collateral Agent” means State
Street Bank and Trust Company of California, N.A., acting in its capacity as
collateral agent under the Amended and Restated Collateral Agency and
Intercreditor Agreement, together with its successors and assigns.
“Collateral Documents” means
the Pledge Agreement, the Subsidiary Guaranty, the Amended and Restated
Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement, and all other documents,
evidencing, securing or relating to the Notes, the payment of the indebtedness
evidenced by the Notes and all other amounts due from the Company or any
Restricted Subsidiary evidenced or secured by this Agreement, the Notes or the
Collateral Documents.
“Company” means Nu Skin
Enterprises, Inc., a Delaware corporation.
“Confidential Information” is
defined in Section 20.
“Confirmation of Acceptance”
shall have the meaning specified in Section 2B(5).
“Consolidated Income Available for
Fixed Charges” means, with respect to any period, Consolidated Net Income
for such period plus all amounts deducted in the computation thereof on account
of (a) Fixed Charges, and (b) taxes imposed on or measured by income or excess
profits of the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries.
“Consolidated Net Income”
means, with respect to any period, the net income (or loss) of the Company and
the Restricted Subsidiaries for such period (taken as a cumulative whole), as
determined in accordance with GAAP, after eliminating all offsetting debits and
credits between the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries and all other items
required to be eliminated in the course of the preparation of consolidated
financial statements of the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries in
accordance with GAAP.
“Consolidated Net Worth” means,
at any time, (a) the consolidated stockholders’ equity of the Company and the
Restricted Subsidiaries, as determined according to GAAP, less (b) the sum of
(i) to the extent included in clause (a), all amounts attributable to minority
interests, if any, in the securities of Restricted Subsidiaries, and (ii) the
amount by which Restricted Investments exceed 20% of the amount determined in
clause (a).
“Consolidated Total Assets”
means, at any date of determination, on a consolidated basis for the Company and
the Restricted Subsidiaries, total assets, determined in accordance with
GAAP.
“Counterpart Amended and Restated
Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement” means counterpart to the
Amended and Restated Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement attached
thereto as Exhibit A.
“Credit Facility” means any
credit facility providing for the borrowing of money or the issuance of letters
of credit (a) for the Company, or (b) for any Restricted Subsidiary, if its
obligations under such credit facility are guaranteed by the
Company.
“Default” means an event or
condition the occurrence or existence of which would, with the lapse of time or
the giving of notice or both, become an Event of Default.
“Default Rate” shall mean (i)
in the case of any Note denominated in Dollars, the greater of 2% over the
interest rate expressed in such Note and 2% over the rate announced from time to
time in New York City by the Bank of New York as its “base” or “prime” rate and
(ii) in the case of any Note denominated in a currency other than Dollars, 2%
over the interest rate expressed in such Note.
“Delayed Delivery Fee” shall
have the meaning specified in Section 2B(8)(iii).
“Document Delivery Date” shall
mean (i) the applicable Closing Day in the case of any Accepted Notes
to be denominated in Dollars, (ii) two New York Business Days prior to the
applicable Closing Day in the case of any Accepted Notes to be denominated in
British Pounds, Canadian Dollars or Euros and (iii) three New York Business Days
prior to the applicable Closing Day in the case of any Accepted Notes to be
denominated in Yen.
“Dollars” and the symbol “$” mean the lawful money of
the United States of America unless, in the case of “Dollars” or “$”, if
immediately preceded by the name of another country (e.g. “Canadian
Dollars”).
“Domestic Subsidiary” means, at
any time, each Subsidiary of the Company (a) which is created, organized or
domesticated in the United States or under the law of the United States or any
state or territory thereof, (b) which was included as a member of the Company’s
affiliated group in the Company’s most recent consolidated United States federal
income tax return, or (c) the earnings of which were includable in the taxable
income of the Company or any other Domestic Subsidiary (to the extent of the
Company’s and/or such other Domestic Subsidiary’s ownership interest of such
Subsidiary) in the Company’s most recent consolidated United States federal
income tax return.
“EBITDA” means, with respect to
any period, the sum of (i) Consolidated Net Income for such period without
giving effect to extraordinary gains and losses, gains and losses resulting from
changes in GAAP or one time non-recurring income and expenses resulting from
acquisitions, plus (ii) to the
extent deducted in the calculation of Consolidated Net Income, the amount of all
interest expense, depreciation expense, amortization expense, and income tax
expense; provided that EBITDA
will include or exclude, as applicable, acquisitions and divestitures of
Restricted Subsidiaries or other business units on a pro forma basis as if such
acquisitions or divestitures occurred on the first day of the applicable
period.
“Environmental Laws” means any
and all Federal, state, local, and foreign statutes, laws, regulations,
ordinances, rules, judgments, orders, decrees, permits, concessions, grants,
franchises, licenses, agreements or governmental restrictions relating to
pollution and the protection of the environment or the release of any materials
into the environment, including but not limited to those related to hazardous
substances or wastes, air emissions and discharges to waste or public
systems.
“Equity Securities” of any
Person means (a) all common stock, Preferred Stock, participations, shares,
partnership interest, membership interest or other equity interest in and of
such Person (regardless of how designated and whether or not voting or
non-voting), and (b) all warrants, options and other rights to acquire any of
the foregoing.
“ERISA” means the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time,
and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder from time to time in
effect.
“ERISA Affiliate” means any
trade or business (whether or not incorporated) that is treated as a
single employer together with the Company under section 414 of the
Code.
“Euros” shall mean the single
currency of participating member states of the European Union.
“Event of Default” is defined
in Section 11.
“Exchange Act” means the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Facility” shall have the
meaning specified in Section 2B(1).
“Fixed Charges” means, with
respect to any period, the sum of (i) Interest Expense for such period, and (ii)
Lease Rentals for such period.
“Foreign Subsidiary” means, at
any time, each Subsidiary of the Company that is not a Domestic
Subsidiary.
“GAAP” means generally accepted
accounting principles as in effect from time to time in the United States of
America.
“Governmental
Authority” means
(a) the
government of
(i) the
United States of America or any State or other political subdivision thereof,
or
(ii) the
jurisdiction of organization of any Issuer Subsidiary, or
(iii) any
jurisdiction in which the Company or any Subsidiary conducts all or any part of
its business, or which asserts jurisdiction over any properties of the Company
or any Subsidiary, or
(b) any
entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, regulatory or administrative
functions of, or pertaining to, any such government.
“Guaranty” means, with respect
to any Person, any obligation (except the endorsement in the ordinary course of
business of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection) of such Person
guaranteeing or in effect guaranteeing any indebtedness, dividend or other
obligation of any other Person in any manner, whether directly or indirectly,
including (without limitation) obligations incurred through an agreement,
contingent or otherwise, by such Person:
(a) to
purchase such indebtedness or obligation or any property constituting security
therefor;
(b) to
advance or supply funds (i) for the purchase or payment of such indebtedness or
obligation, or (ii) to maintain any working capital or other balance sheet
condition or any income statement condition of any other Person or otherwise to
advance or make available funds for the purchase or payment of such indebtedness
or obligation;
(c) to
lease properties or to purchase properties or services primarily for the purpose
of assuring the owner of such indebtedness or obligation of the ability of any
other Person to make payment of the indebtedness or obligation; or
(d) otherwise
to assure the owner of such indebtedness or obligation against loss in respect
thereof.
In any
computation of the indebtedness or other liabilities of the obligor under any
Guaranty, the indebtedness or other obligations that are the subject of such
Guaranty shall be assumed to be direct obligations of such obligor.
“Hazardous Material” means any
and all pollutants, toxic or hazardous wastes or any other substances that might
pose a hazard to health or safety, the removal of which may be required or the
generation, manufacture, refining, production, processing, treatment, storage,
handling, transportation, transfer, use, disposal, release, discharge, spillage,
seepage, or filtration of which is or shall be restricted, prohibited or
penalized by any applicable law (including, without limitation, asbestos, urea
formaldehyde foam insulation and polychlorinated biphenyls).
“Hedge Treasury Note(s)” shall
mean, with respect to any Accepted Note, the United States Treasury Note or
Notes whose cash flow duration (as determined by Prudential) most closely
matches the duration of such Accepted Note.
“holder” means, with respect to
any Note, the Person in whose name such Note is registered in the register
maintained by the Company pursuant to Section 13.1.
“Hostile Tender Offer” shall
mean, with respect to the use of proceeds of any Note, any offer to purchase, or
any purchase of, shares of capital stock of any corporation or equity interests
in any other entity, or securities convertible into or representing the
beneficial ownership of, or rights to acquire, any such shares or equity
interests, if such shares, equity interests, securities or rights are of a class
which is publicly traded on any securities exchange or in any over-the-counter
market, other than purchases of such shares, equity interests, securities or
rights representing less than 5% of the equity interests or beneficial ownership
of such corporation or other entity for portfolio investment purposes, and such
offer or purchase has not been duly approved by the board of directors of such
corporation or the equivalent governing body of such other entity prior to the
date on which the Company makes the Request for Purchase of such
Note.
“Indebtedness” with respect to
any Person means, at any time, without duplication,
(a) its
liabilities for borrowed money and its redemption obligations in respect of
mandatorily redeemable Preferred Stock;
(b) its
liabilities for the deferred purchase price of property acquired by such Person
(excluding accounts payable arising in the ordinary course of business but
including all liabilities created or arising under any conditional sale or other
title retention agreement with respect to any such property);
(c) all
liabilities appearing on its balance sheet in accordance with GAAP in respect of
Capital Leases;
(d) all
liabilities for borrowed money secured by any Lien with respect to any property
owned by such Person (whether or not it has assumed or otherwise become liable
for such liabilities);
(e) Securitization
Debt; and
(f) any
Guaranty (other than the Subsidiary Guaranty) of such Person with respect to
liabilities of a type described in any of clauses (a) through (e)
hereof.
Indebtedness
of any Person shall include all obligations of such Person of the character
described in clauses (a) through (f) to the extent such Person remains legally
liable in respect thereof notwithstanding that any such obligation is deemed to
be extinguished under GAAP.
“INHAM Exemption” shall have
the meaning provided in Section 6.2(e).
“Institutional Investor” means
(a) any original purchaser of a Note, and (b) any bank, trust company, savings
and loan association or other financial institution, any pension plan, any
investment company, any insurance company, any broker or dealer, or any other
similar financial institution or entity, regardless of legal form, holding more
than $2,000,000 (or its equivalent in another Available Currency) in of the
aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding or more than 20% of the
aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding.
“Interest Expense” means, with
respect to the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries for any period, the sum,
determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP, of (a) all interest
paid, accrued or scheduled for payment on the Indebtedness of the Company and
the Restricted Subsidiaries during such period (including interest attributable
to Capital Leases), plus (b) all fees in respect of outstanding letters of
credit paid, accrued or scheduled for payment by the Company and the Restricted
Subsidiaries during such period.
“Investment” means any
investment, made in cash or by delivery of property, by the Company or any
Restricted Subsidiary (a) in any Person, whether by acquisition of stock,
Indebtedness or other obligation or Security, or by loan, Guaranty, advance,
capital contribution or otherwise; or (b) in any property.
“Issuance Period” shall have
the meaning specified in Section 2B(2).
“Issuance Fee” shall have the
meaning provided in Section 2B(8)(ii).
“Issuer Subsidiary” shall mean
(a) any Domestic Subsidiary which is a Subsidiary Guarantor and has issued or
proposes to issue any Notes, or (b) any Foreign Subsidiary which has issued or
proposes to issue any Notes.
“Lease Rentals” means, with
respect to any period, the sum of the rental and other obligations required to
be paid during such period by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary as lessee
under all leases of real or personal property (other than Capital Leases) as
determined on a consolidated basis for the Company and the Restricted
Subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP.
“Lien” means, with respect to
any Person, any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest or other
encumbrance, or any interest or title of any vendor, lessor, lender or other
secured party to or of such Person under any conditional sale or other title
retention agreement or Capital Lease, upon or with respect to any property or
asset of such Person (including in the case of stock, stockholder agreements,
voting trust agreements and all similar arrangements).
“Make-Whole Amount” is defined
in Section 8.6.
“Material” or “Materially” means material or
materially, as the case may be, in relation to the business, operations,
affairs, financial condition, assets, properties or prospects of the Company and
the Restricted Subsidiaries taken as a whole.
“Material Adverse Effect” means
a material adverse effect on (a) the business, operations, affairs, financial
condition, assets or properties of the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries
taken as a whole, or (b) the ability of the Company or any Subsidiary to perform
its obligations under this Agreement, the Notes or the Collateral Documents (as
applicable), or (c) the validity or enforceability of this Agreement, the Notes
or any of the Collateral Documents.
“Material Domestic Subsidiary”
means each Domestic Subsidiary of the Company that also is a Material
Subsidiary.
“Material Foreign Subsidiary”
means each Foreign Subsidiary of the Company that also is a Material
Subsidiary.
“Material Subsidiaries” means,
at any time, (a) NSE Korea Ltd., a Korean corporation, Nu Skin Japan Co., Ltd.,
a Japanese corporation, Nu Skin International, Inc., a Utah corporation, Nu Skin
Enterprises Hong Kong, Inc., a Delaware corporation, Nu Skin Taiwan, Inc., a
Utah corporation, Nu Skin Enterprises United States, Inc., a Delaware
corporation, Nu Skin Asia Investment, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and NSE
Products, Inc., a Delaware corporation; (b) any Issuer Subsidiary; and (c) each
other Subsidiary of the Company which had revenues during the four most recently
ended fiscal quarters equal to or greater than 5.0% of the consolidated total
revenues of the Company and its Subsidiaries during such period.
“Multiemployer Plan” means any
Plan that is a “multiemployer plan” (as such term is defined in section
4001(a)(3) of ERISA).
“NAIC Annual Statement” shall
have the meaning provided in Section 6.2(a).
“New York Business Day” shall
mean any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which commercial banks
in New York are required or authorized to be closed.
“Notes” is defined in Section
1.
“Officer’s Certificate” means a
certificate of a Senior Financial Officer or of any other officer of the Company
whose responsibilities extend to the subject matter of such
certificate.
“Overnight Interest Rate” means
with respect to an Accepted Note denominated in a currency other than Dollars,
the actual rate of interest, if any, received by the Purchaser which intends to
purchase such Accepted Note on the overnight deposit of the funds intended to be
used for the purchase of such Accepted Note, it being understood that reasonable
efforts will be made by or on behalf of the Purchaser to make any such deposit
in an interest bearing account.
“Parent Guaranty” shall mean
the guaranty of the Company pursuant to Section 21 hereof of any Notes issued by
any Issuer Subsidiary.
“PBGC” means the Pension
Benefit Guaranty Corporation referred to and defined in ERISA or any successor
thereto.
“Permitted Securitization
Program” means any transaction or series of transactions that may be
entered into by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary pursuant to which the
Company or any Restricted Subsidiary may sell, convey or otherwise transfer to
(i) a Securitization Entity (in the case of a transfer by the Company or any
Restricted Subsidiary) and (ii) any other Person (in the case of a transfer by a
Securitization Entity), or may grant a security interest in, any receivables
(whether now existing or arising or acquired in the future) of the Company or
any Restricted Subsidiary, and any assets related thereto including (A) all
collateral securing such receivables, (B) all contracts and contract rights and
all guarantees or other obligations in respect of such receivables, (C) proceeds
of such receivables, and (D) other assets (including contract rights) that are
customarily transferred or in respect of which security interests are
customarily granted in connection with asset securitization transactions
involving receivables; provided that the
resultant Securitization Debt, together with all other Priority Indebtedness
then outstanding, shall not exceed the amount of Priority Indebtedness permitted
by Section 10.5(a)(ii).
“Person” means an individual,
partnership, corporation, limited liability company, association, trust,
unincorporated organization, or a government or agency or political subdivision
thereof.
“Plan” means an “employee
benefit plan” (as defined in section 3(3) of ERISA) that is or, within the
preceding five years, has been established or maintained, or to which
contributions are or, within the preceding five years, have been made or
required to be made, by the Company or any ERISA Affiliate or with respect to
which the Company or any ERISA Affiliate may have any liability.
“Pledge Agreement” means the
Pledge Agreement, dated as of October 12, 2000, executed and delivered by the
Pledgors and the Collateral Agent, as amended, supplemented and modified from
time to time.
“Pledged Securities” means (a)
the Equity Securities described in Schedule I attached to the Pledge Agreement
and the Equity Securities of each Person that becomes a Material Foreign
Subsidiary, including all securities convertible into, and rights, warrants,
options and other rights to purchase or otherwise acquire, any of the foregoing
now or hereafter owned by such Pledgor, and the certificates or other
instruments representing any of the foregoing and any interest of such Pledgor
in the entries on the books of any securities intermediary pertaining thereto
(the “Pledged Shares”),
and all dividends, distributions, returns of capital, cash, warrants, option,
rights, instruments, right to vote or manage the business of such Person
pursuant to organizational documents governing the rights and obligations of the
stockholders, and other property or proceeds from time to time received,
receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all
of such Pledged Shares; provided, that the
Pledged Shares shall not include any Equity Securities of such issuer in excess
of the number of shares or other equity interests of such issuer possessing up
to but not exceeding 65% of the voting power of all classes of Equity Securities
entitled to vote of such issuer, and all dividends, cash, warrants, rights,
instruments and other property or proceeds from time to time received,
receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all
of such Equity Securities; and (b) to the extent not covered by clause (a)
above, all proceeds of any or all of the foregoing.
“Pledgor” means each Person who
pledges Pledged Securities under the Pledge Agreement.
“Preferred Stock” means any
class of capital stock of a corporation that is preferred over any other class
of capital stock of such corporation as to the payment of dividends or the
payment of any amount upon liquidation or dissolution of such
corporation.
“Priority Indebtedness” means
(without duplication) the sum of (a) any unsecured Indebtedness of the
Restricted Subsidiaries other than (i) guarantees under the Subsidiary Guaranty,
(ii) Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary if (x) the Company has guaranteed
such Indebtedness or is a primary obligor of such Indebtedness, and (y) the
holder of such Indebtedness becomes a party to the Amended and Restated
Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement (provided that until
the holder of such Indebtedness becomes a party to the Amended and Restated
Collateral Agency and Intercreditor Agreement, such Indebtedness will be
considered Priority Indebtedness), (iii) Indebtedness owed to the Company or any
other Restricted Subsidiary, and (iv) Indebtedness of Issuer Subsidiaries
evidenced by the Notes and (b) Indebtedness of the Company and its Restricted
Subsidiaries secured by a Lien not permitted by paragraphs (a) through (m) of
Section 10.3, and (c) Securitization Debt.
“property” or “properties” means and includes
each and every interest in any property or asset, whether tangible or intangible
and whether real, personal or mixed.
“Prudential” shall mean
Prudential Investment Management, Inc..
“Prudential Affiliate” shall
mean (i) any corporation or other entity controlling, controlled by, or under
common control with, Prudential and (ii) any managed account or investment fund
which is managed by Prudential or a Prudential Affiliate described in clause (i)
of this definition. For purposes of this definition the terms
“control”, “controlling” and “controlled” shall mean the ownership, directly or
through subsidiaries, of a majority of a corporation’s or other Person’s voting
stock or equivalent voting securities or interests.
“PTE” shall have the meaning
provided in Section 6.2(a).
“Purchasers” shall mean with
respect to any Accepted Notes, Prudential and/or the Prudential Affiliate(s)
which are purchasing such Accepted Notes.
“QPAM Exemption” shall have the
meaning provided in Section 6.2(d).
“Quotation” shall have the
meaning provided in Section 2B(4).
“Request for Purchase” shall
have the meaning specified in Section 2B(3).
“Required Holder(s)” shall mean
the holder or holders of at least 51% of the aggregate principal amount of the
Notes or of a Series of Notes, as the context may require, from time to time
outstanding and, if no Notes are outstanding, shall mean
Prudential.
“Rescheduled Closing Day” shall
have the meaning specified in Section 2B(7).
“Responsible Officer” means any
Senior Financial Officer and any other officer of the Company or its
Subsidiaries with responsibility for the administration of the relevant portion
of this Agreement or the Collateral Documents.
“Restricted Investments” means
all Investments except any of the following: (i) property to be used
in the ordinary course of business; (ii) assets arising from the sale of goods
and services in the ordinary course of business; (iii) Investments in one or
more Restricted Subsidiaries or any Person that immediately becomes a Restricted
Subsidiary; (iv) Investments existing at the date of this Agreement; (v)
Investments in obligations, maturing within one year, issued by or guaranteed by
the United States of America, or an agency thereof, or Canada, or any province
thereof; (vi) Investments in tax-exempt obligations, maturing within one year,
which are rated in one of the top two rating classifications by at least one
national rating agency; (vii) Investments in certificates of deposit or banker’s
acceptances maturing within one year issued by Bank of America or other
commercial banks which are rated in one of the top two rating classifications by
at lest one national rating agency; (viii) Investments in commercial paper,
maturing within 270 days, rated in one of the top two rating classifications by
at least one national rating agency; (ix) Investments in repurchase agreements;
(x) treasury stock; (xi) Investments in money market instrument programs which
are classified as current assets in accordance with GAAP; (xii) Investments in
foreign currency risk hedging contracts used in the ordinary course of business;
and (xiii) Investments in Securitization Entities.
“Restricted Subsidiary” means
any Subsidiary (a) at least a majority of the voting securities of which are
owned by the Company and/or one or more Wholly-Owned Restricted Subsidiaries,
and (b) which the Company has not designated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary in
accordance with Section 10.8; provided that upon
any Unrestricted Subsidiary becoming a Material Subsidiary, it shall immediately
be deemed to be a Restricted Subsidiary.
“Securities Act” means the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time.
“Security” has the meaning set
forth in section 2(l) of the Securities Act.
“Securitization Debt” for the
Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries shall mean, in connection with any
Permitted Securitization Program, (a) any amount as to which any Securitization
Entity or other Person has recourse to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary
with respect to such Permitted Securitization Program by way of a Guaranty and
(b) the amount of any reserve account or similar account or asset shown as an
asset of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary under GAAP that has been pledged
to any Securitization Entity or any other Person in connection with such
Permitted Securitization Program.
“Securitization Entity” means a
wholly-owned Subsidiary of the Company (or another Person in which the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries makes an investment and to which the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries transfers receivables and related assets) that engages in no
activities other than in connection with the financing of receivables and that
is designated by the Board of Directors of the Company (as provided below) as a
Securitization Entity (i) no portion of the Indebtedness or any other
obligations (contingent or otherwise) of which (A) is guaranteed by the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries (excluding guarantees of obligations (other than the
principal of, and interest on, Indebtedness) pursuant to Standard Securitization
Undertakings), (B) is recourse to or obligates the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries in any way other than pursuant to Standard Securitization
Undertakings, or (C) subjects any property or asset of the Company or any other
Subsidiary of the Company, directly or indirectly, continently or otherwise, to
the satisfaction thereof, other than pursuant to Standard Securitization
Undertakings, (ii) with which neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries
has any material contract, agreement, arrangement or understanding other than on
terms no less favorable to the Company or such Subsidiary than those that might
be obtained at the time from Persons that are not Affiliates of the Company,
other than fees payable in the ordinary course of business in connection with
servicing receivables of such entity, and (iii) to which neither the Company nor
any of its Subsidiaries has any obligation to maintain or preserve such entity’s
financial condition or cause such entity to achieve certain levels of operating
results.
“Senior Financial Officer”
means the chief financial officer, principal accounting officer, treasurer or
comptroller of the Company.
“Senior Secured Creditor” means
(a) each holder of a Note, (b) each holder of a note due issued
pursuant to that certain Note Purchase Agreement dated as of October 12, 2000,
as amended, (c) each holder of a note issued pursuant to that certain Private
Shelf Agreement dated August 26, 2003, as amended and (d) each lender under a
Significant Credit Facility.
“Senior Secured Indebtedness”
means the Indebtedness of the Company under (a) this Agreement and the Notes,
(b) the notes issued pursuant to that certain Note Purchase Agreement dated as
of October 12, 2000, (c) the notes issued pursuant to that certain Private Shelf
Agreement dated August 26, 2003, as amended and (d) any Significant Credit
Facility.
“Significant Credit Facility”
means (a) any Credit Facility that has at least $7,500,000 available to be
borrowed and/or outstanding at any time, and (b) any Credit Facility if the
aggregate amount available to be borrowed and/or outstanding under all of the
Credit Facilities exceeds $25,000,000 at any time; provided that the term
“Significant Credit Facility” shall not include any Priority Indebtedness to the
extent that such Priority Indebtedness is permitted by Section 10.5(a)(ii), any
Indebtedness secured by a Lien permitted by Section 10.3(h), or any
Indebtedness secured by a Lien renewing, extending or replacing Liens
as described in Section 10.3(m).
“Standard Securitization
Undertakings” means representations, warranties, covenants and
indemnities entered into by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that are
reasonably customary in a receivables securitization transaction.
“Structuring Fee” shall have
the meaning provided in Section 2B(8)(i).
“Subsidiary” means, as to any
Person, (a) any corporation of which more than 50% of the issued and outstanding
Equity Securities having ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the Board
of Directors of such corporation (irrespective of whether at the time capital
stock of any other class or classes of such corporation shall or might have
voting power upon the occurrence of any contingency) is at the time directly or
indirectly owned or controlled by such Person, by such Person and one or more of
its Subsidiaries or by one or more of such Person’s other Subsidiaries, (b) any
partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or other association of
which more than 50% of the equity interest having the power to vote, direct or
control the management of such partnership, joint venture, limited liability
company or other association is at the time owned and controlled by such Person,
by such Person and one or more of the other Subsidiaries or by one or more of
such Person’s other Subsidiaries, or (c) any other Person included in the
financial statements of such Person on a consolidated basis.. Unless
the context otherwise clearly requires, any reference to a “Subsidiary” is a
reference to a Subsidiary of the Company.
“Subsidiary Guarantors” means
all current and future Material Domestic Subsidiaries of the
Company.
“Subsidiary Guaranty” means
that certain Subsidiary Guaranty, substantially in the form of Exhibit E hereto,
dated as of the date hereof, executed and delivered by the Subsidiary
Guarantors, as amended, supplemented and modified from time to
time.
“Swap Agreement” means (a) any
and all rate swap transactions, basis swaps, forward rate transactions, interest
rate options, forward foreign exchange transactions, cap transactions, floor
transactions, collar transactions, currency swap transactions, cross-currency
rate swap transactions, currency options, or any other similar transactions or
any combination of any of the foregoing (including any options to enter into any
of the foregoing), provided that any such transaction is governed by or subject
to a Master Agreement, and (b) any and all transactions of any kind, and the
related confirmations, which are subject to the terms and conditions of, or
governed by, any form of master agreement published by the International Swaps
and Derivatives Association, Inc., or any other master agreement published by
any successor organization thereto (any such master agreement, together with any
related schedules, as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise
modified in writing from time to time, a “Master Agreement”), including
any such obligations or liabilities under any Master Agreement.
“Taxes” is defined in Section
14.4(a).
“Total Indebtedness” means, at
any date of determination, the sum of (i) the total of all Indebtedness of the
Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries outstanding on such date, after
eliminating all offsetting debits and credits between the Company and the
Restricted Subsidiaries and all other items required to be eliminated in the
course of the preparation of consolidated financial statements of the Company
and the Restricted Subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP, plus (ii) the
aggregate amount of Indebtedness of the Company to any of its Restricted
Subsidiaries that is not subordinated to the Notes pursuant to the Amended and
Restated Subordination Agreement.
“Unrestricted Subsidiary” means
any Subsidiary which is designated as an Unrestricted Subsidiary on Schedule B or is
designated as such in writing by the Company to each of the holders of the Notes
pursuant to Section 10.8; provided that no
Material Subsidiary shall be an Unrestricted Subsidiary.
“Wholly-Owned Restricted
Subsidiary” means, at any time, (a) with respect to Domestic
Subsidiaries, any Restricted Subsidiary one hundred percent (100%) of all of the
equity interests (except directors’ qualifying shares) and voting interests of
which are owned by any one or more of the Company and the Company’s other
wholly-owned Restricted Subsidiaries at such time, and (b) with respect to
Foreign Subsidiaries, any Restricted Subsidiary ninety-five percent (95%) of all
of the equity interests (except directors’ qualifying shares) and voting
interests of which are owned by any one or more of the Company and the Company’s
other Wholly-Owned Restricted Subsidiaries at such time.
“Yen” means the lawful currency
of Japan.
ex10-32.htm
October
1, 2009
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.
One Nu
Skin Plaza
75 West
Center Street
Provo,
Utah 84601
Attention:
Chief Financial Officer
Re:
Consent to Covenant
Compliance - Private Shelf Agreement dated as of August 26,
2003
Ladies
and Gentlemen:
Reference
is made to (a) the Private Shelf Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2003 (as
amended
or otherwise modified from time to time, the "Agreement"), by and between Nu
Skin Enterprises,
Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company") and each Issuer
Subsidiary (as
defined
therein) which becomes party thereto, on the one hand, and Prudential Investment
Management,
Inc. ("Prudential") and
each Prudential Affiliate (as defined therein) which becomes
party thereto, on the other hand, and (b) the Private
Shelf Agreement, dated as of
October
1, 2009 (the "2009
Agreement"), by and between the Company and each Issuer Subsidiary
(as defined therein) which becomes party thereto, on the one hand, and
Prudential and each
Prudential Affiliate (as defined therein) which becomes party thereto, on the
other hand.
Capitalized
terms not defined herein shall have the meanings given to such terms in the
Agreement.
Pursuant
to the request of the Company and Section 17.1 of the Agreement, Prudential
and the
holders of Notes (which include the holders of the Series A Senior Notes, Series
B Senior
Notes, Series C Senior Notes, Series D Senior Notes, Series E Senior Notes, the
Series EE
Senior
Notes and Series F Senior Notes) agree that:
1. The
Company shall be deemed to be in compliance with or in default under (as
the case
may be) Section 9 (Affirmative Covenants) other than Sections 9.6, 9.7
and 9.9
thereof by being in compliance with or in default under (as the case may
be)
Section 9 (Affirmative Covenants) of the of the 2009 Agreement as the same
ay be
amended from time to time with the written consent of Prudential and the
required
holders of notes thereunder. No termination of the 2009 Agreement in
whole or
in part shall affect the continued application hereunder of Section 9
thereof
and, upon the written request of either the Required Holders of the Notes
or the
Company, Section 9 of the Agreement shall be amended to restate such
section
in substantially the same form as then existing in Section 9 of the 2009
Agreement.
2. The
Company shall be deemed to be in compliance with or in default under (as
the case
may be) Section 10 (Negative Covenants) by being in compliance with or
in
default under (as the case may be) Section 10 (Negative Covenants) of the of the
2009 Agreement as the same may be amended from time to time with the
written
consent of Prudential and the required holders of notes
thereunder. No termination
of the 2009 Agreement in whole or in part shall affect the continued
application
hereunder of Section 10 thereof and, upon the written request of either
the
Required Holders of the Notes or the Company, Section 10 of the Agreement
shall be
amended to restate such section in substantially the same form as then
existing
in Section 10 of the 2009 Agreement.
This
document may be executed in multiple counterparts, which together shall
constitute a single
document.
This
letter agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with, and the
rights of the
parties shall be governed by, the internal laws of the State of New York,
excluding choice-of- law
principles of the law of such state that would require the application of the
laws of a
jurisdiction
other than such state.
[Signature
pages follow.]
Sincerely,
PRUDENTIAL
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT, INC.
By: /s/
Iris Krause
Its: Vice
President
THE
PRINCIPAL INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA
By: /s/
Iris Krause
Its: Vice
President
PRUCO
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
By: /s/
Iris Krause
Its: Vice
President
BAYSTATE
INVESTMENTS, LLC
Prudential
Private Placement Investors, L.P.,
as
Investment Advisor
By:
Prudential Private Placement Investors,
Inc.,
General Partner
By: /s/
Iris Krause
Its: Vice
President
GOLDEN
AMERICAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
Prudential
Private Placement Investors, L.P.,
as
Investment Advisor
By:
Prudential Private Placement Investors,
Inc.,
General Partner
By: /s/
Iris Krause
Its: Vice
President
PRUDENTIAL
RETIREMENT INSURANCE AND ANNUITY COMPANY
By:
Prudential Investment Management,
Inc.,
Investment Manager
By: /s/
Iris Krause
Its: Vice
President
Accepted
and agreed to, effective
the date
first appearing above:
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC.,
a
Delaware corporation
By: /s/
Brian R. Lords
Name: Brian
R. Lords
Title: VP-Treasurer
The
undersigned Subsidiary Guarantors
hereby
consent and agree to the
foregoing,
and to each previous
amendment
to the Private Shelf Agreement,
dated as
of August 26,2003.
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES HONG KONG,
INC., a Delaware
corporation
NU
SKIN INTERNATIONAL, INC.,
a Utah
corporation
NU
SKIN TAIWAN, INC.,
a Utah
corporation
NU
SKIN ENTERPRISES UNITED STATES,
INC.,
a Delaware corporation
NSE
PRODUCTS, INC.,
a
Delaware corporation
NU
SKIN ASIA INVESTMENT, INC.,
a
Delaware corporation
By: /s/
D. Matthew Dorny
Name: D.
Matthew Dorny
Title:
Vice President
ex21-1.htm
EXHIBIT
21.1
SUBSIDIARIES
OF REGISTRANT
Big
Planet, Inc., a Delaware corporation
First
Harvest International, LLC, a Utah limited liability company
Jixi Nu
Skin Vitameal Co., Ltd., a Chinese corporation
Niksun
Acquisition Corporation, a Delaware corporation
NSE
Korea, Ltd., a Korean corporation
NSE
Products, Inc., a Delaware corporation
Nu Family
Benefits Insurance Brokerage, Inc., a Utah corporation
Nu Skin
(China) Daily-Use and Health Products Co., Ltd., Chinese company
Nu Skin
(Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd., a Malaysian corporation
Nu Skin
(Shanghai) Management Co., Ltd., a Chinese corporation
Nu Skin
Argentina, Inc., a Utah corporation with an Argentine branch
Nu Skin
Asia Investment, Inc., a Delaware corporation
Nu Skin
Belgium, NV, a Belgium corporation
Nu Skin
Brazil, Ltda., a Brazilian corporation
Nu Skin
Canada, Inc., a Utah corporation
Nu Skin
Chile, Inc., a Utah corporation
Nu Skin
Chile, S.A., a Chilean corporation
Nu Skin
Columbia, Inc., a Delaware corporation
Nu Skin
Costa Rica, a Costa Rican corporation
Nu Skin
Eastern Europe Ltd. A Delaware corporation
Nu Skin
El Salvadore S.A. de C.V., an El Salvadore corporation
Nu Skin
Enterprises (Thailand), Ltd., a Delaware corporation
Nu Skin
Enterprises (Thailand), Ltd., a Thailand corporation
Nu Skin
Enterprises Australia, Inc., a Utah corporation
Nu Skin
Enterprises Hong Kong, Inc., a Delaware corporation
Nu Skin
Enterprises India Private Ltd., an Indian corporation
Nu Skin
Enterprises New Zealand, Inc., a Utah corporation
Nu Skin
Enterprises Philippines, Inc., a Delaware corporation with a Philippines
branch
Nu Skin
Enterprises Poland Sp. z.o.o., a Polish corporation
Nu Skin
Enterprises RS, Ltd., a Russian limited liability company
Nu Skin
Enterprises Singapore Pte. Ltd., a Singapore corporation
Nu Skin
Enterprises South Africa (Proprietary) Limited
Nu Skin
Enterprises Ukraine, LLC, a Ukrainian limited liability company
Nu Skin
Enterprises United States, Inc., a Delaware corporation
Nu Skin
Enterprises, SRL, a Romanian corporation
Nu Skin
France, SARL, a French limited liability company
Nu Skin
Germany, GmbH, a German limited liability company
Nu Skin
Guatemala, S.A., a Guatemalan corporation
Nu Skin
Honduras, S.A., a Honduras corporation
Nu Skin
International Management Group, Inc., a Utah corporation
Nu Skin
International, Inc., a Utah Corporation
Nu Skin
Islandi ehf, an Iceland private limited liability company
Nu Skin
Israel, Inc, a Delaware corporation
Nu Skin
Italy, Srl, an Italian corporation
Nu Skin
Japan Company Limited, a Japanese corporation
Nu Skin
Japan, Ltd., a Japanese corporation
Nu Skin
Malaysia Holdings Sdn. Bhd., a Malaysian corporation
Nu Skin
Mexico, S.A. de C.V., a Mexican corporation
Nu Skin
Netherlands, B.V., a Netherlands corporation
Nu Skin
New Caledonia EURL, a French corporation
Nu Skin
Norway AS, a Norwegian corporation
Nu Skin
Poland Sp. z.o.o., a Polish corporation
Nu Skin
Scandinavia A.S., a Denmark corporation
Nu Skin
Taiwan, Inc., a Taipei Branch
Nu Skin
Taiwan, Inc., a Utah corporation
Nu Skin
Turkey Cilt Bakimi Ve Besleyici Urunleri Ticaret Limited Sirketi
Nu Skin
U.K., Ltd., a United Kingdom corporation
Nu Skin
Venezuela, a Venezuela corporation
NuSkin
Pharmanex (B) Sdn Bhd, a Brunei corporation
Nutriscan,
Inc., a Utah corporation
Pharmanex
(Huzhou) Health Products Co., Ltd., a Chinese corporation
Pharmanex
Electronic-Optical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., a Chinese
corporation
Pharmanex
License Acquisition Corporation, a Utah Corporation
Pharmanex,
LLC, a Delaware limited liability company
PT. Nu
Skin Distribution Indonesia, an Indonesian corporation
PT. Nusa
Selaras Indonesia, an Indonesian corporation
The Nu
Skin Force for Good Foundation, Business Trust
ex23-1.htm
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT
REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby
consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form
S-8 (Nos. 333-48611, 333-68407, 333-95033, 333-102327, 333-124764, 333-130304,
and 333-136464) of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. of our report dated February 26,
2010 relating to the financial statements and the effectiveness of internal
control over financial reporting, which appear in the Nu Skin Enterprise, Inc.
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2009.
/s/
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Salt Lake
City, UT
February
26, 2010
q4ex31-12009.htm
EXHIBIT 31.1
SECTION 302 – CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
I, M. Truman Hunt,
certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information
included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and
for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for
establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial
reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the
registrant and have:
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure
controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that
material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated
subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly
during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal
control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and
procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness
of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered
by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over
financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal
quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report)
that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the
registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our
most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of
directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation
of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to
adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and
report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees
who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial
reporting.
Date: February 26, 2010 |
|
/s/ M. Truman
Hunt M. Truman Hunt Chief Executive
Officer |
q4ex31-22009.htm
EXHIBIT 31.2
SECTION 302 – CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
I, Ritch N. Wood, certify
that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information
included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and
for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for
establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial
reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the
registrant and have:
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure
controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that
material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated
subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly
during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal
control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and
procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness
of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered
by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over
financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal
quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report)
that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the
registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our
most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of
directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation
of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to
adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and
report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees
who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial
reporting.
Date: February 26, 2010 |
|
/s/ Ritch N.
Wood Ritch N. Wood Chief Financial
Officer |
q4ex32-12009.htm
EXHIBIT 32.1
SECTION 1350 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT
TOSECTION
906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the
annual report of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the
period ended December 31, 2009, as filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, M. Truman Hunt, Chief Executive
Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of
my knowledge:
1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material
respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: February 26, 2010
/s/ M.
Truman Hunt
M. Truman Hunt
Chief Executive Officer
q4ex32-22009.htm
EXHIBIT 32.2
SECTION 1350 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT
TOSECTION
906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the
annual report of Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the
period ended December 31, 2009, as filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Ritch N. Wood, Chief Financial
Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of
my knowledge:
1. The
Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2. The
information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects,
the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: February 26, 2010
/s/ Ritch
N. Wood
Ritch N. Wood
Chief Financial Officer